Phases of gait Flashcards
1
Q
What is happening at Initial contact at each joint ?
A
- subtalar: is inverted (2deg) and Tib post is eccentrically controlling it.
- ankle: in DF, pretibials eccentrically controlling it, external moment (PF)
- knee: is extended and ER, quads are ECC controlling it and external moment is extended
- hip: in flexion (35 deg) slight ADD and ER, hip extensors are ECC controlling it and external moment is flexion
2
Q
What is happening at Loading response at each joint ?
A
- subtalar: is pronated (5 deg) and Tib post is eccentrically controlling it.
- ankle: in PF, pretibials and soleus eccentrically controlling it, external moment PF
- knee: is flexed (15 deg) and IR, quads are eccentric controlling it and external moment is flexed
- hip: in flexion and IR, glut max and HS are concentric and glut med is eccentric controlling it and external moment is flexion
3
Q
What is happening at Midstance at each joint ?
A
- subtalar: is supinating and Tib post is concentric.
- ankle: is neutral and going into DF, soleus eccentrically controlling it, external moment DF
- knee: is neutral, quads, popliteus and gasctroc are Concentric and external moment is neutral
- hip: in early IR in late ER, iliopsoas are eccentric and glut med is isometric and external moment is neutral
4
Q
What is happening at Terminal stance at each joint ?
A
- subtalar: is maximally supinated and fibularis’s are eccentric.
- ankle: DF (10 deg), soleus eccentrically controlling it, external moment DF
- knee: extended and ER hamstrings are eccentric gasctroc are Concentric to begin flexing knee and external moment is extension
- hip: extended and ER, TFL is eccentric external moment is extension
5
Q
What is happening at preswing at each joint ?
A
- subtalar: MTP DF, peroneals are eccentrically controlling it
- ankle: is PF (20 deg), Plantar flexors are concentric, external moment DF
- knee: flexed (45 deg) and ER, popliteus is Concentric and rectus femoris is eccentrically controlling it and external moment is flexion
- hip: neutral, rectus femoris is concentric and adductors are eccentrically controlling it and external moment is neutral
6
Q
What is happening at initial swing at each joint?
A
- subtalar: supinated and peroneals are concentric
- ankle: DF, pretrials are concentric
- knee: peak flex then starts to extend, bicep femoris is concentric
- hip: rapid flexion, hip flexors are concentric
7
Q
What is happening at mid swing at each joint?
A
- subtalar: supinated and peroneals are concentric
- ankle: DF and pretibials are concentric
- knee: extended and hamstrings are eccentrically controlling it
- hip: flexion, hip flexors are concentric then extensors are eccentrically controlling it
8
Q
What is happening at terminal swing at each joint?
A
- subtalar: supinated and peroneals are concentric
- ankle: neutral and pretibials are essentially controlling it
- knee: extended and flexors are eccentrically controlling it
- hip: slight flexion (20 deg), hip flexors are eccentrically controlling it
9
Q
How many phases of gait are there?
A
8
10
Q
how many phases occur in the stance phase?
A
5
11
Q
How many phases occur in the swing phase?
A
3
12
Q
What is the first rocker? explain it?
A
- heel rocker
- Initial contact to loading response (foot flat)
- translates vertical component of ground reaction force to forward progression of tibial through the link of eccentric contraction of the Tibialis anterior to decelerate rate
- external moment PF
- internal moment DF (controls PF)
13
Q
what is the significance of the rockers?
A
the phase in the cycle where the primary movement takes place
14
Q
What is the second rocker? explain it?
A
- ankle rocker
- foot flat (loading response) to midstance (heel raise)
- continue the rate of forward progression of the body as tibia rotates at the ankle over the fixed foot utilizing eccentric control of the gastroc/soleus
15
Q
Is the first rocker acceleration or deceleration?
A
-period of deceleration
16
Q
What is the third rocker? explain it?
A
- forefoot rocker
- terminal stance through preswing
- ankle in 10 deg of DF at heel off
- extends the period of ground reaction force through the gastroc/soleus muscles to make full use of the ground reaction vectors and extend moment to help influence the swing portion of the gait cycle
17
Q
Is the third rocker acceleration or deceleration?
A
-period of acceleration
18
Q
During the stance phase, when is there single and double limb support?
A
- single: mid stance and termial stance (happens more than double limb)
- double: happens only 2 times during initial contact through loading response and at the preswing phase
19
Q
what percent does the stance phase happen during gait cycle?
A
62% of gait cycle
20
Q
What are the 5 phases of stance phase?
A
- initial contact
- loading response
- midstance
- terminal stance
- preswing
21
Q
Describe initial contact?
A
- the point when he foot contacts the ground
- the beginning point of the stance phase
- where the heel rocker happens
22
Q
What is the critical event during initial contact?
A
contact with the heel
23
Q
Describe loading response?
A
- phase from initial contact until the contralateral leg leaves the ground
- weight is transferred
- shock is absorbed as weight is rapidly transferred to the stance leg
- allows for forward propulsion
- also can be called foot flat phase
24
Q
Is loading response accelerating or decelerating?
A
-stance limb is decelerating
25
What percent of the gait cycle is the loading response?
10-12 %
26
What does plantar flexion initiate during the first heel rocker?
slight knee flexion to bring the tibia forward
27
Describe midstance?
- period when the contralateral extremity lifts off the ground and continues to a position in which the body as progressed over and added of the supporting extremity
- the momentum moves the mass forward and slightly up
- heel leaves the ground as progression over stance limbs
- PERIOD OF RELATIVE CONTROL
28
What is the critical event during mid stance phase?
-controlled tibial advancement-ankle rocker
29
What percent is the mid stance phase of the gait cycle?
20% of gait cycle
30
Foot flat is also the same as what?
pronated foot
31
What does it mean when the external moment is neutral?
the axis is going right through that joint
32
Describe terminal stance?
- occurs from mid stance to a point just before initial contact of the contralateral extremity
- the heel is leaving the ground as you are moving up on your forefoot
- body is moving ahead of the limb
33
What is the critical event for terminal stance?
-ankle locked in dorsiflexion when heel raise-forefoot rocker
34
Is the third rocker a period of acceleration or deceleration?
-period of acceleration
35
What happens if the ankle is not locked in DF at the forefoot rocker?
you lose heel raise and you get a loss of knee extension
36
What is the importance of supination of the foot during the gait cycle?
it provides a rigid lever for push off
37
Describe preswing?
- occurs just after heel-off to toe-off
- rapid unloading of the limb occurs
- occurs during loading response of the opposite limb
- when the weight transferred to the contralateral limb = (weight release/transfer)
- positions the limb for the swing phase
38
What percent of the gait cycle is the preswing phase?
10%
39
What is the significance of the great toe extending during preswing phase?
it is used for push off
40
What are the 3 phases of the swing phase?
- initial swing
- midswing
- terminal swing
41
What percent of the gait cycle is the swing phase?
38%
42
Describe initial swing please?
- when the foot leaves the ground until maximal knee flexion in swing
- advances the limb forward- thigh advances as the foot is lifted off the floor
- allows for foot clearance
43
Is the initial swing phase a phase of acceleration or deceleration?
-a phase of acceleration
44
What are the critical events for initial swing phase?
- hip flexion
- knee flexion
- thigh advances
45
Describe midswing phase?
- begins after initial swing and continues until the airborne tibia is in a vertical position
- thigh continues to advance as the knee begins to extend
- foot clears the ground
- PERIOD OF RELATIVE CONTROL
46
What are the critical events for midswing?
- hip flexion
- knee extends
- ankle DF to neutral
47
Why are the extensors eccentrically contracting during the midswing phase?
so you don't have too rapid of hip flexion
48
Describe terminal swing?
- the knee is extending as the limb prepares to contact the ground
- prepares the limb for a return to stance phase (initial contact)
49
What are the critical events for terminal swing phase?
- hip extension
- hip/knee deceleration
- ankle DF
50
Is the terminal swing phase a phase of acceleration or deceleration?
A phase of deceleration
51
What phases are all acceleration?
- 3rd rocker
- terminal stance
- preswing
- initial swing
52
What phases are all control?
mid stance and mid swing
53
What phases are all decelerating?
- 1st rocker
- loading response
- initial contact
- terminal swing
54
What are you going to do thursday?
CELEBRATE!!!! WE ARE DONE!... with our first semester....
