Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Lower Extremity Anatomy And Biomechanics > Hip biomechanics > Flashcards

Hip biomechanics Flashcards

0
Q

What is Coxa valga?

A

> 135 degrees

Increased compression force on the femoral head.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is Coxa Vara?

A

<120 degrees

Increased tension force on the femoral neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the angle of inclination at birth?

A

150 degrees and normally decreases to 125 degrees at adulthood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Angle of Torsion

  1. Normal Antetorsion
  2. Excessive Angle (Anteversion)
  3. Retroversion
A
  1. Normal Antetorsion= 8-12degrees
  2. Excessive Angle= >12degrees
  3. Retroversion= <8degrees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the characteristics of Excessive Anteversion?

A
  • In-toeing
  • Increased angle
  • Increased anterior exposure
  • Increased chance of dislocation
  • Increased chance of labral lesions
  • Chances increase even more when combined with excessive femoral anteversion
  • Tight internal rotators
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the characteristics of Retroversion?

A
  • Toes pointed out
  • Decreased angle
  • Tight external rotators
  • Associated with low back pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Acetabular Labrum

A
  • Surrounds the head of the femur
  • Fibrocartilage
  • Increases the articular surface of the acetabulum by 10%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Iliofememoral ligament

A
  • Also called ligament of Bigelow or Y ligament
  • From the AIIS to the inter trochanteric line
  • Strongest ligament
  • Prevents hyperextension and ER
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pubofemoral ligament

A
  • From the pubis to the intertrochanteric line

* Limits abduction and ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ischiofemoral Ligament

A
  • Attaches from the posterior acetabulum to the trochanteric fossa
  • Limits IR
  • Weakest intrinsic ligament of the hip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ligamentum Teres

A
  • Intracapsular ligament
  • From the acetabular notch to the fovea
  • Can be injured by trauma to the hip
  • Little or no mechanical support to the hip
  • Mainly for nutrition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Joint Arthrokinematics for FEMUR ON PELVIS;

Flexion & Extension

A

Flexion: Posterior/Inferior spin & glide

Extension: Anterior spin & glide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Joint Arthrokinematics for FEMUR ON PELVIS;

Abduction & Adduction

A

Abduction: Superior roll / Inferior glide

Adduction: Inferior roll / Superior glide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Joint Arthrokinematics for PELVIS ON FEMUR;

Flexion & Extension

A

Flexion: Anterior pelvic tilt

Extension: Posterior pelvic tilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Joint Arthrokinematics for FEMUR ON PELVIS;

ER & IR

A

IR: Anterior roll/posterior glide ER: Posterior roll/anterior glide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Joint Arthrokinematics for PELVIS ON FEMUR;

Abduction & Adduction

A

Abduction: Ipsilateral tilt

Adduction: Contralateral tilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Joint Arthrokinematics for PELVIS ON FEMUR;

ER & IR

A

ER: Anterior ipsilateral pelvic motion is accompanied with posterior contralateral movement

IR: Posterior ipsilateral pelvic motion is accompanied with anterior contralateral movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hip closed pack position is?

A

Full hip extension, slight internal rotation, slight abduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hip open pack position is?

A

30degrees hip flexion, 30degrees hip abduction, slight ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the hip capsular pattern?

A

Flexion, abduction, and IR > Extention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the primary hip flexors?

A

Iliopsoas, sartorius, rectus femoris, TFL, pectineus

21
Q

What are the primary hip extensors?

A

Gluteus maximus, hamstrings, posterior gluteus medius, piriformis

22
Q

What are the pelvic force couples for anterior tilt?

A

Hip flexors: psoas major, iliacus, sartorius all provide an inferior force or pull from the ASIS

Erector spinae, pulls from the PSIS or sacrum

23
Q

What are the force couples for posterior pelvic tilt?

A

Trunk flexors: rectus abdominis and external obliques attach from the ASIS/pubic synthesis region and posteriorly tilt the anterior portion.

Hip Extensors: gluteus maximus and hamstring group inferiorly pull from ischial tuberosity and PSIS to initiate the posterior tilt from the posterior side of the pelvis.

24
Q

Hip Abductors

A
  • Stabilize the pelvis and hips while walking
  • Weak hip abductors associated with back and knee problems. Make sure you assess the whole kinetic chain.
  • Trendelenberg
25
Q

Hip Adductors

A
  • Create motion in all 3 planes
  • Assist the primary hip flexors and extensors to provide a more forceful stride in running/cycling.
  • Active in all degrees of movement
26
Q

Hip Internal Rotators

A

*Rotate the pelvis over the femur during the stance phase, cause the opposite leg to move anterior

27
Q

Hip external rotators

A
  • Most active during changes of direction activities

ex: plant leg to change directions… externally rotate at hip to change directions

28
Q

What is the most powerful External rotator?

A

Gluteus Maximus

29
Q

Hip external rotators are commonly weak in LE injuries;

examples?

A

patellafemoral syndrome

IT band syndrome

30
Q

Straight leg raise stabilization with hip movement

-Normal Activation

A

Rectus abdominis stabilizes pelvic position

Maintains normal lumbar curve

31
Q

Straight leg stabilization with hip movement

-Decreased Activation

A

Rectus abdominis fails to stabilize pelvic position which allows hip flexors to increase lumbar curve

Anterior pelvic tilt

32
Q

Normal Hip extension

A

Pelvic position in standing maintained by iliofemoral ligament tension.

33
Q

Decreased hip extension

A

Hip extensor muscles required to actively contract to maintain pelvic position in neutral

Not obtainable secondary to very tight iliofemoral ligament and tight iliopsoas

Increase compression between acetabulum and head of femur

34
Q

What is the obturator internus sling?

A

Obturator internus forms a functional sling via lessor sciatic notch.

Active contraction caused ER and increased joint compression between acetabulum and femoral head to provide stability during movement.

Use of the lesser sciatic notch as a pulley system maximizes the mechanical advantage of the obturator internus

35
Q

Dynamic forces acting on the hip joint?

A

Occur during walking or running

Generated from increased muscle activity &
Ground reaction force during walking/running

36
Q

Static forces acting on the hip joint?

A

Force on the hip is more than just body weight

37
Q

Static forces;

What is the percentage of weight does each hip carries during 2 legged standing?

A

33%

heads/arms/trunk = 66%

38
Q

Static forces;

During 1 legged standing the force on the hip is about…

A

2.5 times the body weight

100% from BW, 150% from abductors

39
Q

What side is a cane held on?

A

The opposite side to the weakened/injured extremity and it is moved with the weakened injured limb.

40
Q

What is the reasoning for what side the cane is held on?

A
  1. Wider base of support and stability
  2. Improved balance
  3. Off load weight bearing of injured extremity
  4. Should follow normal rhythm of gait
41
Q

Hip Osteoarthritis occurs in what percentage of the aging population?

A

10-20%

42
Q

What are the two types of femoral acetabular impingement?

A
  1. Cam

2. Pincer

44
Q

What is Cam?

A

A shear force on the acetabular rib.

Jamming of the femoral head against the acetabulum.

45
Q

What is slipped capital femoral epiphysis?

A

Important pediactric and adolescent hip disorder that is common in adolescents, obese.

Associated with retroversion of the hip and coxa vara due to increased forces on hip.

Results from a Alter-Harris fracture

46
Q

What is the angle of inclination?

A

120-125degrees

Frontal plane angle occurs between a line bisecting the neck of the femur and a line bisecting the shaft.

Keeps lower leg parallel in standing

47
Q

When is bursitis common?

A

Mostly sedentary women

age between 40-60

48
Q

What is lumbopelvic rhythm when looking at the pelvis moving on the femur?

A

Ipsidirectional

Hip & spine moving in the same direction

Ex: bending over

49
Q

What is the contradirectrional movement when talking about the pelvis moving on the femur?

A

Hip & spine moving in opposite directions

Allows for decoupling of upper and lower areas of the body

Ex: standing up straight, sitting, walking

50
Q

What is Pincer?

A

Impingement between the acetabulum and femoral head-neck junction.

Seen with acetabular retroversion.

51
Q

American college of rheumatology diagnostic criteria for OA

A

Hip pain
Less than 115 degrees hip flexion
Less than 15 degrees internal rotation

Lower Extremity Anatomy And Biomechanics (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions