Phase I Nutrition - Small Animal Flashcards
animal specific factors
signalment, medical history, physical exam
diet specific factors
appropriateness of the diet, storage of the diet, changes to diet
feeding management and environmental factors
how much/frequent/location/method of feeding, competition, access, household, environmental changes
in what cases are extended evaluations optional
patient older than 7, pregnant, lactating, growing (puppy), multiple animals in the house, low or high activity level
where do you assess when body condition scoring
ribs, vertebrae, fat mass, abdomen, tail base, shoulders, hips
normal bcs for dogs is _____ and cats is _____
4-5/9; 5/9
5/9 indicates what % body fat
20
where do you assess when muscle condition scoring
temporal muscle, lumbar vertebrae, pelvis, scapula
what is the energy density of fat, protein and carbs
fat = 9 kcal/g; protein and carbs = 4 kcal/g
RER equation
BW^0.75x70
BCS 3/9 is how underweight
20%
BCS 2/9 is how underweight
30%
BCS 1/9 is how underweight
40%
when is measuring by weight important
wt loss, cats and small dogs
what does the CFIA NOT do
does not regulate food manufactured and sold WITHIN Canada
edible vs inedible
edible = fit for human consumption; inedible is not, but may be used in animal feed if non-specified risk material (specified risk material is condemned)
non-specified risk material can be used for
pharmaceutical or animal feed
what does Health Canada prohibit
unsubstantiated claims related to labelling and advertising of pet food
what does the competition bureau/industry Canada do
prevents misleading representations and deceptive marketing practices; legislation for pet food labelling
what are the three basic mandatory statements on pet food as determined by industry Canada and the competition bureau
product identity, product net quality, dealers name and place of business
the pet food association of Canada is
voluntary; guide for labelling and advertising pet food
what is essential rendering
stuff that isn’t consumed by humans and would otherwise go to landfill
how much of the live weight of cattle is rendered
44%
49%
57%
37%
49%
how much of the live weight of pigs is rendered
44%
how much of the live weight of chickens is rendered
37%
how much of the live weight of fish is rendered
57%
what are limitations of the guide for labelling and advertising pet foods
decades old, not a law, does not apply to treats
what does not fall under AAFCO
supplements and treats
what is the role of AAFCO feed control officials
monitor and regulate pet foods; ensure laws and rules are being followed
T/F AAFCO is the gold standard
False; it is a baseline - the best we have
what are the most common commercial pet foods
dry and wet
what is the difference between dry and wet commercial foods
dry: processed by extrusion
wet: processed by retorting into cans, pouches and trays
both dry and wet pet foods are processed with (3)
moisture, heat and pressure
what does AAFCO tell us
if it is complete and balanced, how this was determined, what life stage
T/F AAFCO has a definition for senior, nutrient profile for seniors and regulates the use of the term
F
what is a key consideration when evaluating organic pet foods
it refers to the procedure by which the ingredients are grown, harvested and processed but not to the actual quality of the product (i.e. tells you nothing about whether it is complete and balanced)
what terms have no legal definition in animal feed regulations
human grade and holistic
T/F If there are no nutritional risk factors but you are wary of the brand being fed, you should change the diet
F
What is the carb to protein ratio in dogs
2:1 to 3:1 (25-30% meat source)
What is the carb to protein ratio in cats
1:1 to 2:1 (35-50% meat source)
For a 4.5 kg dog and cat, how much calcium is required per day
dog: 2g; cat: 0.5g
T/F a vegetarian diet alone can meet AAFCO recommendations
F; dogs and cats simply cannot eat enough to meet the requirements
onions cause
heinz body anemia
chocolate causes
cardiovascular/neuro signs
grapes cause
acute renal failure
xylitol causes
acute liver failure and seizures
raw liver risks
vitamin A toxicity
raw egg risk
contain avidine -> biotine deficiency
raw fish risk
contains thiaminase -> thiamine deficiency
what is the main concern with vegan and vegetarian diets
incomplete nutrition
