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ALC Phase 3 Mod 1 > Phase 3 Mod 2 Deck 2 > Flashcards

Phase 3 Mod 2 Deck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary functions of the nose?

A
  1. Detect olfactory stimuli (smell)

2. Warm, moisten, and filter incoming air

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2
Q

__________ is an inflammation of the large airways of the lung(s).

A

Acute bronchitis

often follows pneumonia

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3
Q

What are the two main causes of tibial stress syndrome?

A
  1. Overload injures - exercising on hard surfaces, ill fitting shoes, excessive uphill/downhill running
  2. Biomechanical inefficiencies (arches of the feet)
    * Pes planus (low arch; Pes cavus (high arch)*
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4
Q

What metal, used in some jewelry, has been associated with causing contact dermatitis?

A

Nickel

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5
Q

__________ is the inflammation of a hair follicle cause by infection.

A

Folliculitis

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6
Q

What is the function of glucagon?

A

Glucagon increases the release of glucose from the live into the blood stream.

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7
Q

What medications can be prescribed to patients suffering from dermatitis?

A

Corticosteroids and Antihistamines

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8
Q

Which knee ligament is most commonly injured in self inflicted sporting accidents?

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

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9
Q

What are the four ligaments of the knee?

A
  1. Anterior Cruciate Ligament
  2. Posterior Cruciate Ligament
  3. Medial Collateral Ligament
  4. Lateral Collateral Ligament
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10
Q

What is the best way to prevent bullae?

A

Reduce; minimize friction to the affected area.
Ex: selecting properly fitted boots.

Bullae (Bulla) = Blisters

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11
Q

__________ is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the tracheobronchial tree, characterized by mild to severe obstruction of airflow and mucus production.

A

Asthma

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12
Q

What is the appropriate sequence for an abdominal assessment?

A

Look - Pulsating masses; distention; bruising
Listen - Auscultate BEFORE agitating
Feel - Palpate; feel

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13
Q

__________ is a chemical produced by the pancreas that promotes glucose entry into most cells.

A

Insulin

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14
Q

While is bile, produced in the liver, stored?

A

Gallbladder

RUQ

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15
Q

__________ is a fungal infection of the feet.

A

Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)

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16
Q

What is the typical appearance of tinea corporis?

A

Usually appear ring shape that looks though a worm is under the skin (ringworm).

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17
Q

__________ results is watery/loose stools for more than 2 weeks.

A

Chronic diarrhea

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18
Q

What is the order of injures sustained by the knee ligaments from most common to least common?

A
  1. Anterior Cruciate Ligament - usually self inflicted
  2. Medial Collateral Ligament - hit from lateral side
  3. Lateral Collateral Ligament - hit from medial side
  4. Posterior Cruciate Ligament - hit from anterior
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19
Q

__________ are caused by different strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV).

A

Warts

The virus embeds in the skin DNA and causes the skin to grow excessively causing the wart to grow

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20
Q

When testing for compartment syndrome (CS) (compartment pressure testing), what is a positive indication of CS?

A

A pressure greater than 45 mmHg or when the pressure is within 30 mmHg of the diastolic BP.

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21
Q

__________ is an acute bacterial infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.

A

Cellulitis

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22
Q

What does the term “erythematous” refer to?

A

Erythematous: Forming/appearing on a red base

Ex: the herpes vesicles appeared on an erythematous base.

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23
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Stretching or tearing of the ligaments

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24
Q

What is the strongest identifiable predisposing factor for the development of asthma?

A

Atopy (immediate hypersensitivity reaction to an allergen)

Obesity is increasingly becoming a factor

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25
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

usually assessed via positive rebound tenderness

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26
Q

A __________ is a flat, discolored lesion.

A

A Macule is a flat, discolored lesion.

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27
Q

__________ is a partial or complete bone fracture that results from repeated stress to a bone.

A

Stress fracture

Stress fractures occur as a result of repetitive overuse injury to a bone eventually leading to failure of the bone, or fracture.

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28
Q

When assessing any form of skin lesion(s), what characteristics are you looking for?

A
  1. Any elevation (flat or raised)
  2. Color of the lesion (red, pink, white, blue, brown, black)
  3. Any drainage? (If yes, is it cloudy, bloody, pus [color of])
  4. Appearance (fluid filled or solid)
  5. Any odor?
  6. Is the skin scaly, smooth or crusted over
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29
Q

__________ is a bacterial infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues resulting in a “pus pocket” that must be drained.

A

Cutaneous (Skin) Abscess

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) is commonly seen in abscesses

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30
Q

What type of ankle sprain is most common? Which ankle sprain is least common?

A
  1. Inversion Ankle Sprains - inverted, falling inward (big toe up)
  2. Eversion Ankle Sprains - Ankle is twisted outward (pinky toe up)
  3. Syndesmotic Sprain
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31
Q

Where does compartment syndrome occur (most commonly)?

A

In the thick layers of muscle tissue called fascia. If those layers separate, the “compartment” between the voids will fill with blood and other waste products.

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32
Q

An injury to which ligament is most likely to cause knee instability?

A

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

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33
Q

When performing the Varus and/or Valgus stress test(s), what finding is the examiner looking for?

A

Laxity within the joint

excessive movement

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34
Q

__________ is the movement of the foot at the ankle joint towards the head.

A

Dorsi flexion

35
Q

What are the two special tests an examiner utilizes to assess for meniscus injuries?

A
  1. McMurray Test - conducted with PT supine

2. Apley (Grind) Test - conducted with the PT prone

36
Q

Which lower extremity special test assesses for an injury to the medial collateral ligament?

A

Valgus/Genu Valgum

  • Bent or twisted inward or medially*
  • examiners palm on the OUTSIDE of the leg (lateral side)*
37
Q

What are the two biomechanical inefficiencies which could possibly lead to tibial stress syndrome?

A

Tibial Stress Syndrome - Shin Splints:

  1. Pes Planus (low arch)
  2. Pes cavus (high arch)
38
Q

To avoid stress fractures or bone injury, what is the recommended time that Soldiers replace their running shoes.

A

Every 6 months

39
Q

What are the four main sinuses cavities?

A
  1. Frontal sinus
  2. Ethmoidal sinus
  3. Sphenoidal sinus
  4. Maxillary sinus

Named for the bone where it is contained

40
Q

What are the two broad categories of ankle sprains?

A
  1. Inversion Ankle Sprains - inverted, falling inward (big toe up)
  2. Eversion Ankle Sprains - Ankle is twisted outward (pinky toe up)
41
Q

__________ is an infection caused by the chicken-pox virus (varicella).

A

Herpes zoster (Shingles)

42
Q

When assessing for bowel sounds, what is a hyperactive bowel indicative of?

A

Hyperactive - loud, prolonged gurgles:

Hunger; gastroenteritis; enteritis or an early obstruction

43
Q

What is the primary cause of plantar fasciitis?

A

Rolling inward (pronation) and flattening of the arch and over-stretching the plantar fascia.

44
Q

Which lower extremity special test assesses for an injury to the lateral collateral ligament?

A

Varus/Genu Varum

  • Bent or twisted away from the midline*
  • examiners palm on the INSIDE of the leg (medial side)*
45
Q

__________ is a fungal infection of the body.

A

Tinea corporis (ringworm)

46
Q

__________ is a collection of blood underneath the cartilage overlying the nasal septum.

A

Septal hematoma

47
Q

A __________ is a medium or large (greater than 6mm) solid, raised lesion.

A

A nodule is a medium or large (greater than 6mm) solid, raised lesion.

48
Q

What acts like a shock absorber within the knee joint?

A

Menisci (singular); meniscus (plural)

49
Q

Should medics give a feverish patients with frequent, loose/watery stools containing blood, mucus and/or pus antibiotics for treatment?

A

NO!

Doing so can lead to Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Hemolytic - breakup of red blood cells (RBCs)
Uremic - acute kidney failure

50
Q

__________ is inflammation of the hair follicle caused by ingrown hair (especially during shaving).

A

Pseudofolliculitis Barbae (PFB) shaving bumps

As the hair grows, it usually curls under the skin BEFORE coming to the surface. This causes an inflammatory response to the hair; NOT an infectious process.

51
Q

A __________ is a small (less than 6mm) solid, raised lesion.

A

A Papule is a small (less than 6mm) solid, raised lesion.

52
Q

A __________ is a raised lesion greater than 5mm in diameter, often formed by the confluence of papules.

A

A plaque is a raised lesion greater than 5mm in diameter, often formed by the confluence of papules.

53
Q

__________ is the compression of nerves and blood vessels within an enclosed space.

A

Compartment Syndrome

54
Q

What is the major difference between corns and calluses?

A

Corns - appear on bony areas, usually on top of toes, or on the skin between the toes. They’re hard to the touch; tender to palpation.

Calluses - appear any place on the body that experiences continuous pressure or irritation, especially after repeated balla (blister) formation); commonly appear on the ball or heel of the foot or big toe

55
Q

What is the vibrating tuning fork test used for?

A

Assessment of stress fractures (or complete fractures)

The vibrations will illicit pain at the point of fracture

56
Q

__________ form as a result of heat, moisture and friction.

A

Bulla (Blisters)

First, a tear occurs within the upper layers of the skin (epidermis), forming a space between the layers while leaving the surface intact. Then fluid seeps into the space.

57
Q

__________ is a skin inflammation often caused by excessive dryness, exposure to irritants or allergens.

A

Dermatitis

58
Q

A __________ is a raised lesion with a collection of leukocytes and free fluid (pus).

A

A pustule is a raised lesion with a collection of leukocytes and free fluid (pus).

59
Q

What is the most prominent cause of HUS?

A

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS):

E. coli bacteria (E. coli O157)

60
Q

What skin disorder/disease is characterized by unilateral crops of vesicles on an erythematous base, most often on the torso or head.

A

Herpes zoster (Shingles)

Erythematous base = Red base

61
Q

What are the two most common metacarpals broken subsequent to a “boxer fracture?”

A

4th and 5th metacarpal

4th = ring finger
5th = pinky finger
62
Q

__________ is movement of foot and ankle joint away from head, toward plantar or inferior surface/sole of the foot.

A

Plantar flexion

as in tip toe position

63
Q

A __________ is a large lesion with a collection of free fluid, greater than 5mm in size.

A

A bulla (plural bullae) is a large lesion with a collection of free fluid, greater than 5mm in size (also called a blister).

64
Q

Patients with a higher susceptibility to dry skin which can lead to excessive cases of dermatitis is called __________.

A

Eczema

65
Q

Which highly vascularized organ filters encapsulated bacteria from the blood as well as some RBC production?

A

Spleen

LUQ

66
Q

What does the acronym RICE stand for?

A

R - Rest
I - Ice
C - Compression
E - Elevate

67
Q

__________ is an area of skin innervated by each nerve root.

A

Dermatome

68
Q

__________ is a fungal infection of the scalp.

A

Tinea capitis (cradle cap)

69
Q

__________ is a funal infection of the groin.

A

Tinea cruris (jock itch)

70
Q

A __________ is a firm, edematous plaque resulting from infiltration of the dermis with fluid; they are transient and may last only a few hours.

A

A wheal is a firm, edematous plaque resulting from infiltration of the dermis with fluid; wheals are transient.

71
Q

__________ is inflammation of the bursa at the lateral point of the hip.

A

Trochanteric Bursitis

Point of the hip know as the greater trochanter

72
Q

__________ is characterized by one or many clusters of small vesicles filled with clear fluid on slightly raised inflammatory bases.

A

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV):

  • The fluid inside the vesicle is highly contagious*
  • Usually found on the lips and/or genitalia but can be anywhere*
73
Q

Superficial papules or pustules from clusters of hair follicles of the face and neck is indicative of:

A

Pseudofolliculitis Barbae (PFB) shaving bumps

74
Q

What are the two viral strains that cause Herpes Simplex Virus (HPV)?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus:
HSV 1
HPV 2

75
Q

When assessing for bowel sounds, what is a hypoactive bowel indicative of?

A

Hypoactive - quiet, slow, sluggish:

Acute abdomen or constipation

76
Q

__________ is a harsh, blowing sound heard with auscultation that results from turbulent flow of blood through an artery.

A

Bruit “Broo-ee”

77
Q

__________ is an acute inflammation of the lung caused by a reaction to an invading microorganism.

A

Pneumonia

78
Q

A __________ is a small (less than 5mm) clear-fluid filled lesion.

A

A vesicle is a small (less than 5mm) clear-fluid filled lesion.

79
Q

What are the two main categories of asthma therapy?

A
  1. Quick Relief (Rescue)

2. Long-term Control

80
Q

__________ is the technique of using both hands for assessment of the patient.

A

Bi-manual palpation

81
Q

What is a syndesmotic sprain?

A

A high ankle sprain (very rare)

82
Q

If a patient presents with a productive cough (with or without purulent sputum), abnormal breath sounds, fever ( > 100.5 F) and/or dyspnea, what respiratory disorder should you suspect?

A

Pneumonia

83
Q

__________ is an inflammation of the plantar fascia, which is a thick powerful layer of ligament-like tissue that fans out over the sole of the foot.

A

Plantar fasciitis

ALC Phase 3 Mod 1 (7 decks)

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