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ALC Phase 3 Mod 1 > Phase 3 Mod 1 Deck 2 > Flashcards

Phase 3 Mod 1 Deck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the key indication for the use of a NCD?

A

The key indication for the use of a needle chest decompression (NCD) is progressive respiratory distress.

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2
Q

What medication can be provided for pregnant patients at risk for an incompatible Rh factor pregnancy (second birth)?

A

RhoGAM can be provided for pregnant patients at risk for an incompatible Rh factor pregnancy (second birth).

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3
Q

What is a field block?

A

A field block is when local anesthesia is applied approximately 1 cm around the wound margin.

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4
Q

When listening to lung sounds, what is hyper-resonance suggestive of?

A

Hyper-resonance is suggestive of pneumothorax / tension pneumothorax.

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5
Q

As the body shunts blood, what organs maintain the highest priority of blood flow?

A

As the body shunts blood, the brain, heart and kidneys maintain the highest priority of blood flow.

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6
Q

What action should be done prior to undergoing primary closure of a wound?

A

Prior to undergoing primary closure, a functionality assessment should be completed.

assess PMS distal to the wound

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7
Q

When will hasty tourniquets, which require repositioning, be converted?

A

Hasty tourniquets, which require repositioning, will be converted at the EARLIEST opportunity PRIOR to evacuation.

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8
Q

What are the main components of blood?

A

The main components of blood are:

1 - Plasma: transports cells, nutrients, waste and heat
2 - Formed elements: WBCs and RBCs
3 - Platelets

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9
Q

What areas of the body are considered to be non-compressible in terms of hemorrhage control?

A

The areas of the body are considered to be non-compressible in terms of hemorrhage control are:

1 - Chest (upper torso)
2 - Abdomen (mid torso)
3 - Pelvis (lower torso)

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10
Q

Where is body heat generated?

A

Body heat is generated (typically) within the muscles during muscle movement.

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11
Q

As the body shunts blood, what organs have the lowest priority of blood flow?

A

As the body shunts blood the skin, muscles and bones have the lowest priority of blood flow.

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12
Q

Ecchymosis (bruising), hemoptysis (coughing up bleeding), rectal bleeding and hematemesis (bloody vomiting) are all indications of what?

A

Ecchymosis (bruising), hemoptysis (coughing up bleeding), rectal bleeding and hematemesis (bloody vomiting) are all indications of non-compressible hemorrhage (((internal bleeding))).

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13
Q

When listening to lung sounds, what is hypo-resonance suggestive of?

A

Hypo-resonance is suggestive of hemothorax.

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14
Q

What is the formula for calculating the oxygen flow rate in a “D” sized cylinder?

A

The formula for calculating the oxygen flow rate in a “D” sized cylinder is:

  1. (Current PSI) - 200 = Usable PSI
  2. Usable PSI x 0.16 = Usable liters
  3. Usable liters / flow rate (LPM) = Minutes of O2 remaining
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15
Q

What is the approximate amount of blood a typical adult casualty can lose into each side of the chest?

A

The approximate amount of blood a typical adult casualty can lose into each side of the chest is 1500 mL.

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16
Q

________ is the pressure exerted by the concentration of solutes on one side of a membrane.

A

Osmotic pressure is the pressure exerted by the concentration of solutes on one side of a membrane.

Water and solutes will flow from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

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17
Q

Which anesthesia procedure is commonly used in part for treatment for injuries to digits, and/or finger and toe nail removal?

A

The regional (digital nerve block) anesthesia procedure is commonly used in part for treatment for injuries to digits, and/or finger and toe nail removal.

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18
Q

What are the two suture sizes primarily utilized for facial injuries?

A

6-0 (smallest) and 5-0 are the two suture sizes primarily utilized for facial injuries.

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19
Q

Which nostril are NPAs designed to fit in?

A

Nasopharyngeal Airways (NPAs) are designed to fit in the RIGHT nostril

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20
Q

What does a catecholamine release trigger?

A

A catecholamine release triggers the body to release epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine
(Fight or Flight response).

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21
Q

What are the three signs and symptoms of Beck’s Triad?

A

The three signs and symptoms of Beck’s Triad are:

  1. Hypotension (narrowing pulse pressure)
  2. Muffled heart sounds
  3. Distended neck veins
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22
Q

As the body shunts blood, what organs maintain the second highest priority of blood flow?

A

As the body shunts blood the intestines, liver stomach and spleen maintain the second highest priority of blood flow.

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23
Q

Which occlusive dressing is preferred for all patients suffering from chest wall trauma?

A

The vented chest seal is the preferred dressing for all patients suffering from chest wall trauma.

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24
Q

What is the target length for a surgical cricothyroidotomy airway?

A

The target length for a surgical cricothyroidotomy airway is a 1.5 inch vertical incision.

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25
Q

What is the key battlefield indication for a surgical cricothyroidotomy?

A

The key battlefield indication for a surgical cricothyroidotomy is severe maxillofacial or neck trauma blocking the airway.

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26
Q

What is secondary closure?

A

Secondary closure is when the wound is left open and closes gradually through the natural healing process.

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27
Q

For patients suffering from shock, what leads to acidosis eventually?

A

For patients suffering from shock, excessive lactic acid buildup from anaerobic metabolism (due to lack of oxygen in muscles) leads to acidosis.

28
Q

What two proteins are essential in the clotting process?

A

The two proteins that are essential in the clotting process are:

1 - Fibrinogen
2 - Prothrombin

29
Q

Define flail chest:

A

Flail chest occurs when two of more adjacent ribs are fractured in at least two places.

30
Q

For patients suffering from hemorrhagic shock, what is the fluid of choice if blood products are unavailable?

A

For patients suffering from hemorrhagic shock, the fluid of choice, if blood products are unavailable, is Hextend 500 mL IV (q30 mins PRN)

31
Q

What are the two most common suture sizes for general wound closure?

A

4-0 and 3-0 are the two most common suture sizes for general wound closure.

32
Q

Which classification of IV fluids contain large molecules, enabling those molecules to remain within the blood vessels?

A

Colloids contain large molecules, enabling those molecules to remain within the blood vessels.

Hextend and blood products (whole blood, RBCs, plasma and/or albumin

33
Q

The _________ is a musculofibrous partition separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

A

The diaphragm is a musculofibrous partition separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

34
Q

What is the name of the membrane attached to the surface of the chest wall?

A

The name of the membrane attached to the surface of the chest wall is the parietal pleura.

35
Q

What is primary closure?

A

Primary closure is closing the wound via artificial means of approximating wound edges.

36
Q

What is the only hemostatic agent recommended by the Army?

A

The only hemostatic agent recommended by the Army is Combat Gauze.

37
Q

Which classification of IV fluids can pass easily between cellular membranes (in between vascular space, interstitial space and cellular space)?

A

Crystalloids can pass easily between cellular membranes (in between vascular space, interstitial space and cellular space).

** LR, NS **

38
Q

What results when a segment of the chest wall is not in continuity with the thorax?

A

A flail chest results when a segment of the chest wall is not in continuity with the thorax.

39
Q

What is a contraindication for the conversion to a deliberate tourniquet, from a hasty tourniquet?

A

The contraindication for the conversion to a deliberate tourniquet, from a hasty tourniquet, is that the patient will arrive at a surgical facility within 2 hours.

40
Q

How should a patient suffering from flail chest be transported?

A

A patient suffering from flail chest should be transported with the injured side down.

this further inhibits expansion of the chest, minimizing additional injury*

41
Q

During which phase of respiration does the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract?

A

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during the inhalation phase of respiration.

Lungs expand; creates negative pressure

42
Q

An injury at what level should be treated as both an abdominal injury and a thoracic injury?

A

Between the 4th intercostal space (nipple line) and the naval (belly button).

43
Q

What is hemodilution?

A

Hemodilution is the process of diluting the blood via excessive crystalloid IV fluids to the point the blood is unable to clot.

There may not be enough key blood components left to form clots, so bleeding continues

44
Q

At what core temperature is a patient considered to be hypothermic?

A

A patient is considered to be hypothermic with a core temperature of 94.9 or below.

45
Q

What areas of the body are considered to be compressible in terms of hemorrhage control?

A

The areas of the body are considered to be compressible in terms of hemorrhage control are:

1 - Arms
2 - Legs
3 - Axilla
4 - Groin
5 - Neck
46
Q

For a patient with a suspected TBI, what is target systolic blood pressure to maintain?

A

For a patient with a suspected TBI, the target systolic blood pressure to maintain is 90 mmHg (minimum).

47
Q

What is the preferred method of performing a surgical cricothyroidotomy?

A

The preferred method of performing a surgical cricothyroidotomy is the CricKey technique.

Additional techniques include:
1 - Bougie-aided open surgical technique
2 - standard open surgical technique

48
Q

What is the name of the membrane attached to the surface of the lung?

A

The name of the membrane attached to the surface of the lung is the visceral pleura.

49
Q

What is the target systolic blood pressure for a patient suffering from hemorrhagic shock?

A

The target systolic blood pressure for a patient suffering from hemorrhagic shock is 80 -90 mmHg

50
Q

What is the definitive treatment for a causality with a life threatening tension pneumothorax?

A

The definitive treatment for a causality with a life threatening tension pneumothorax is a chest tube (thoracostomy).

Mid-axillary line over the 4th or 5th intercostal space

51
Q

What main component of the blood contains enzymes and factors, which are important in blood clotting?

A

The main component of the blood that contains enzymes and factors, which are important in blood clotting are the platelets.

52
Q

What is the purpose of providing Hextend to patients suffering from hemorrhagic shock?

A

The purpose of providing Hextend to patients suffering from hemorrhagic shock is that the Hextend acts as a temporary gap fill while whole blood is being acquired.

53
Q

When forming a walking blood bank, what is an absolute must?

A

A formal SOP is an absolute must when forming a walking blood bank.

54
Q

What is the major goal of wound closure?

A

The goal of wound closure is to restore the skin’s integrity I order to reduce the risk of infection, scarring, and impaired function.

55
Q

What are the two main categories of hemorrhage?

A

The two main categories of hemorrhage are:

1 - Compressible hemorrhage
2 - Non-compressible hemorrhage

56
Q

What is smallest suture size, primarily utilized for cosmetic procedures and/or facial injuries?

A

Suture size 6-0 is the smallest suture size, which is primarily utilized for cosmetic procedures and/or facial injuries

57
Q

What is the average/most common endotracheal (ET) tube size used?

A

The average/most common endotracheal (ET) tube size used is the 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0

7.5 is most often carried

58
Q

During which phase of respiration does the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax?

A

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax during the exhalation phase of respiration.

Chest wall exerts pressure against the lungs

59
Q

What is tertiary closure?

A

Tertiary closure is when the wound is left open initially, then closed by artificial means.

60
Q

When should a TBI be suspected (high index of suspicion)?

A

A traumatic brain injury (TBI) should be suspected (high index of suspicion) if the casualty has altered mental status (AMS) with intact radial pulse.

61
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A

The functions of blood are:

1 - Transportation of O2, CO2, heat, and waste
2 - Regulation of pH and heat
3 - Protection by clotting

62
Q

According to TC3 guidelines, what is the preferred supraglottic (extraglottic) airway?

A

According to TC3 guidelines, the preferred supraglottic (extraglottic) airway is the i-Gel

63
Q

What is the primary muscle used during normal breathing?

A

The primary muscle used during normal breathing is the diaphragm.

64
Q

What is the most common artery injured in combat?

A

The most common artery injured in combat is the superficial femoral artery (SFA)

65
Q

What are the major clotting inhibitors?

A

The major clotting inhibitors are:

Lethal Triad
1 - Hypothermia
2 - Acidosis
3 - Coagulopathy

66
Q

How do you correctly size a NPA?

A

A nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) is correctly sized by measuring from the tip of the casualty’s nose to the lobe of their ear.

ALC Phase 3 Mod 1 (7 decks)

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