Pharynx and Larynx

Question 1

Superior inferior anterior posterior limitations of the pharynx

Answer 1

Superior- base of skull
Inferior-upper border of esophagus at C6
Anterior-gap
Posterior-two sides of each muscle fuse at pharyngeal raphe

Question 2

Superior Constrictor muscle attachments

Answer 2

Superior-medial plate of pterygoid process of sphenoid bone + pharyngotympanic tube + petrous part of temporal bone + pharyngeal tubercle + pterygoid hamulus + pterygomandibular raphe

Question 3

Middle constrictor muscle attachments

Answer 3

Stylohyoid ligament

Greater and lesser horn of hyoid bone

Question 4

Inferior constrictor muscle attachments

Answer 4

Oblique line of thyroid cartilage and cricothyroid muscle

Question 5

Longitudinal pharyngeal muscles

Answer 5

Salpingopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus
stylopharyngeus (CN9)

Question 6

Innervation of pharyngeal muscles

Answer 6

All vagus except stylopharyngeus which is glossopharyngeal

Question 7

Posterior part of pretracheal fascia above C6

Answer 7

Buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 8

fascial layer between mucosa and constrictor muscles

Answer 8

Pharyngobasilar fascia

Question 9

What runs between superior constrictor and middle constrictor (oropharyngeal triangle)

Answer 9

Stylopharyngeus muscle
CN9
CN12
Lingual nerve and vessels

Question 10

What runs between middle constrictor and inferior constrictor

Answer 10

Internal laryngeal vessels and branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Question 11

What runs below inferior constrictor muscle

Answer 11

Recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior laryngeal vessels

Question 12

Path of recurrent laryngeal nerves

Answer 12

Left-under arch of aorta

Right-under subclavian artery

Question 13

Features of nasopharynx

Answer 13

Adenoid/pharyngeal tonsil

Pharyngotympanic/ Eustachian tube

Question 14

Features of oropharynx

Answer 14

Palatoglossal arch
Palatine tonsil
Palatopharyngeal arch

Question 15

Arterial supply and venous drainage of pharynx

Answer 15

Branches of external carotid and subclavian artery

Drained by pterygoid plexus

Question 16

Sensory innervation of pharynx

Answer 16

nasopharynx-V2
oropharynx - CN9
laryngopharynx- CN10

Question 17

Main cartilages of larynx

Answer 17

Epiglottis cartilage
Thryoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Cuneiform cartilage
Corniculate cartilage

Question 18

How does arytenoid cartilage affect vocal chords

Answer 18

External rotation-abduction

Internal rotation-adduction

Question 19

Features of thyroid cartilage

Answer 19

Superior thyroid notch
laryngeal prominence
Inferior notch
Thyrohyoid membrane
Oblique line

Question 20

Most important muscle of larynx

Answer 20

Posterior cricoarytenoid
Muscle that abducts vocal chords to allow for breathing
One half damaged=hoarse voice
Innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 21

innervation of cricothyroid muscle

Answer 21

Internal laryngeal

Question 22

Key ligaments of larynx

Answer 22

Cricothyroid ligament
Superior thickened edge of cricothyroid ligament is the vocal ligament
Above that, attaching to arytenoid cartilage is vestibular ligament

Question 23

Blood supply to larynx

Answer 23

Superior and inferior laryngeal arteries which orginate from superior and inferior thyroid arteries

Question 24

Significance of lymphatic drainage in larynx

Answer 24

Runs with laryngeal arteries above the vocal chords and the thyroid arteries below the vocal chords