Pharynx and Larynx

Question 1

What are the 3 anatomical regions of the pharynx from superior to inferior

Answer 1

1. nasopharynx
2. oropharynx
3. hypopharynx

Question 2

What are the 5 openings to the nasopharynx

Answer 2

internal nares x2

eustachian tubes x2

oropharynx

Question 3

What part of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

Answer 3

the nasopharynx

Question 4

Why is there exchange of air between the eustachian tubes and the nasopharynx

Answer 4

to equalize pressure between pharynx and the middle ear

Question 5

Why is it important to know that the Eustachian tubes in young children are more horizontal

Answer 5

because this leads to increased otitis media

Question 6

Describe the borders of the oropharynx

Answer 6

extends from the soft palate to the upper boarder of of the epiglottis

Question 7

True or false the oropharynx has both respiratory and digestive function

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What tonsils are found in the oropharynx

Answer 8

Palatine tonsils and lingual tonsil

Question 9

What is another name for the hypopharynx

Answer 9

the laryngopharynx

Question 10

Describe the borders of the hypopharynx (laryngopharynx)

Answer 10

begins at the superior portion of the epiglottis and ends as it opens into the esophagus or larynx

Question 11

True or false the hypopharynx (laryngopharynx) has both respiratory and digestive functions

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What region of the pharynx is usually inflamed during pharyngitis

Answer 12

oropharynx

Question 13

What are the symptoms of pharyngitis

Answer 13

sore throat, erythema, enlarged tonsils

Question 14

How can you differentiate between viral and bacterial pharyngitis

Answer 14

viral= petechiae (capillary bleeding) in oropharynx

bacterial= exudate in oropharynx

Question 15

What 5 areas can the larynx be separated into from superior to inferior

Answer 15

1. Epiglottis
2. Supraglottis
3. Vocal cords
4. Glottis
5. Subglottis

Question 16

Describe the borders of the pharynx

Answer 16

anterior to the C4-C6 and the esophagus, beginning at the hyoid bone(when epiglottis is open) and ends just after the larynx (voice box)

Question 17

What are the 3 functions of the larynx

Answer 17

1. breathing when open
2. speaking when partially open
3. protect airway from food/liquids when close

Question 18

How many pieces of cartilage are in the larynx

Answer 18

9

Question 19

What 3 pieces of cartilage do we care about in the larynx

Answer 19

1. Thyroid cartilage
2. Epiglottis cartilage
3. Cricoid cartilage

Question 20

Describe the thyroid cartilage

Answer 20

• Aka- Adams apple

- Single piece of cartilage in the larynx that gives it a triangular shape.

Question 21

Why is the Adams apple larger in males

Answer 21

-larger in males d/t testosterone

Question 22

What gives shape to the “point” of the Adams Apple

Answer 22

the laryngeal prominence

Question 23

Describe the shape and fxn of the epiglottis

Answer 23

• Leaf shaped piece of elastic cartilage

- hovers over and closes over the glottis (tracheal opening)

Question 24

What attaches the epiglottis to the the thyroid cartilage

Answer 24

the thyroepiglottic ligament attaches the base of the epiglottis to the posterior surface of the thyroid cartilage

Question 25

What happens when dust, smoke, food, liquids get passed the epiglottis and pass into the trachea

Answer 25

a cough reflex occurs to help expel the material if it is ineffective you aspirate material into the lungs which can cause infection

Question 26

What is the only true ring of cartilage (circumferential) in the larynx

Answer 26

the cricoid cartilage

Question 27

What type of cartilage is the cricoid cartilage made of

Answer 27

hyaline cartilage

Question 28

What attaches the cricoid cartilage to the trachea

Answer 28

the cricotracheal ligament

Question 29

What attaches the cricoid cartilage to the thyroid

Answer 29

the cricothyroid ligament and the inferior thyroid cartilage horns

Question 30

Why is the cricoid cartilage an important landmark

Answer 30

in cricothyroidotomy's an incision is made just above this cartilage in the cricothyroid membrane

Question 31

What cells line the larynx

Answer 31

Superior to vocal cords= stratified squamous Inferior to vocal cords= pseudostratified columnar w/ cilia

Question 32

What are the 2 pair of folds of the voice production

Answer 32

1. Vestibular/Ventricular folds - false vocal cords - superior fold 2. Vocal folds - true vocal cords - inferior fold

Question 33

What is the fxn of the Vestibular/Ventricular folds

Answer 33

- not normally used for speech but fluttering can cause " death metal scream" - when closed they help hold breath against pressure in thoracic cavity

Question 34

What 2 pieces cartilage are the elastic ligaments of the true vocal cords stretched between

Answer 34

thyroid and arytenoid cartilage

Question 35

What muscles are responsible for stretching the vocal cords

Answer 35

laryngeal muscles

Question 36

What causes a louder sound in the vocal cords

Answer 36

greater air pressure

Question 37

When the vocal cords are pulled tight what happens to vocal sounds

Answer 37

the pitch becomes higher because they vibrate more

Question 38

When the vocal cords are relaxed what happens to vocal sounds

Answer 38

the pitch becomes lower, because they vibrate less

Question 39

Describe the process of whispering in regards to the vocal cords

Answer 39

- all but the posterior portion of the rima glottidis is closed - vocal cords do not vibrate so there is no pitch

Question 40

True or False vowel sounds are made by restricting muscles in the pharynx

Answer 40

True

Question 41

True or False consonant sounds require the movement of the mooth

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What part of speech are the muscles of the face, lips and tongue responsible for

Answer 42

enunciation of vowels and consonants

Question 43

Why are male voices typically lower pitch

Answer 43

male vocal cords are typically thicker and longer d/t androgen influence so they vibrate at a lower pitch