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A&P 2 Test 6 Respiratory > Pharynx and Larynx > Flashcards

Pharynx and Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 anatomical regions of the pharynx from superior to inferior

A
  1. nasopharynx
  2. oropharynx
  3. hypopharynx
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2
Q

What are the 5 openings to the nasopharynx

A

internal nares x2

eustachian tubes x2

oropharynx

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3
Q

What part of the pharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

A

the nasopharynx

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4
Q

Why is there exchange of air between the eustachian tubes and the nasopharynx

A

to equalize pressure between pharynx and the middle ear

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5
Q

Why is it important to know that the Eustachian tubes in young children are more horizontal

A

because this leads to increased otitis media

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6
Q

Describe the borders of the oropharynx

A

extends from the soft palate to the upper boarder of of the epiglottis

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7
Q

True or false the oropharynx has both respiratory and digestive function

A

True

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8
Q

What tonsils are found in the oropharynx

A

Palatine tonsils and lingual tonsil

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9
Q

What is another name for the hypopharynx

A

the laryngopharynx

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10
Q

Describe the borders of the hypopharynx (laryngopharynx)

A

begins at the superior portion of the epiglottis and ends as it opens into the esophagus or larynx

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11
Q

True or false the hypopharynx (laryngopharynx) has both respiratory and digestive functions

A

True

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12
Q

What region of the pharynx is usually inflamed during pharyngitis

A

oropharynx

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of pharyngitis

A

sore throat, erythema, enlarged tonsils

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14
Q

How can you differentiate between viral and bacterial pharyngitis

A

viral= petechiae (capillary bleeding) in oropharynx

bacterial= exudate in oropharynx

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15
Q

What 5 areas can the larynx be separated into from superior to inferior

A
  1. Epiglottis
  2. Supraglottis
  3. Vocal cords
  4. Glottis
  5. Subglottis
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16
Q

Describe the borders of the pharynx

A

anterior to the C4-C6 and the esophagus, beginning at the hyoid bone(when epiglottis is open) and ends just after the larynx (voice box)

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17
Q

What are the 3 functions of the larynx

A
  1. breathing when open
  2. speaking when partially open
  3. protect airway from food/liquids when close
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18
Q

How many pieces of cartilage are in the larynx

A

9

19
Q

What 3 pieces of cartilage do we care about in the larynx

A
  1. Thyroid cartilage
  2. Epiglottis cartilage
  3. Cricoid cartilage
20
Q

Describe the thyroid cartilage

A
  • Aka- Adams apple

- Single piece of cartilage in the larynx that gives it a triangular shape.

21
Q

Why is the Adams apple larger in males

A

-larger in males d/t testosterone

22
Q

What gives shape to the “point” of the Adams Apple

A

the laryngeal prominence

23
Q

Describe the shape and fxn of the epiglottis

A
  • Leaf shaped piece of elastic cartilage

- hovers over and closes over the glottis (tracheal opening)

24
Q

What attaches the epiglottis to the the thyroid cartilage

A

the thyroepiglottic ligament attaches the base of the epiglottis to the posterior surface of the thyroid cartilage

25
Q

What happens when dust, smoke, food, liquids get passed the epiglottis and pass into the trachea

A

a cough reflex occurs to help expel the material if it is ineffective you aspirate material into the lungs which can cause infection

26
Q

What is the only true ring of cartilage (circumferential) in the larynx

A

the cricoid cartilage

27
Q

What type of cartilage is the cricoid cartilage made of

A

hyaline cartilage

28
Q

What attaches the cricoid cartilage to the trachea

A

the cricotracheal ligament

29
Q

What attaches the cricoid cartilage to the thyroid

A

the cricothyroid ligament and the inferior thyroid cartilage horns

30
Q

Why is the cricoid cartilage an important landmark

A

in cricothyroidotomy’s an incision is made just above this cartilage in the cricothyroid membrane

31
Q

What cells line the larynx

A

Superior to vocal cords= stratified squamous

Inferior to vocal cords= pseudostratified columnar w/ cilia

32
Q

What are the 2 pair of folds of the voice production

A
  1. Vestibular/Ventricular folds
    - false vocal cords
    - superior fold
  2. Vocal folds
    - true vocal cords
    - inferior fold
33
Q

What is the fxn of the Vestibular/Ventricular folds

A
  • not normally used for speech but fluttering can cause “ death metal scream”
  • when closed they help hold breath against pressure in thoracic cavity
34
Q

What 2 pieces cartilage are the elastic ligaments of the true vocal cords stretched between

A

thyroid and arytenoid cartilage

35
Q

What muscles are responsible for stretching the vocal cords

A

laryngeal muscles

36
Q

What causes a louder sound in the vocal cords

A

greater air pressure

37
Q

When the vocal cords are pulled tight what happens to vocal sounds

A

the pitch becomes higher because they vibrate more

38
Q

When the vocal cords are relaxed what happens to vocal sounds

A

the pitch becomes lower, because they vibrate less

39
Q

Describe the process of whispering in regards to the vocal cords

A
  • all but the posterior portion of the rima glottidis is closed
  • vocal cords do not vibrate so there is no pitch
40
Q

True or False vowel sounds are made by restricting muscles in the pharynx

A

True

41
Q

True or False consonant sounds require the movement of the mooth

A

True

42
Q

What part of speech are the muscles of the face, lips and tongue responsible for

A

enunciation of vowels and consonants

43
Q

Why are male voices typically lower pitch

A

male vocal cords are typically thicker and longer d/t androgen influence so they vibrate at a lower pitch

A&P 2 Test 6 Respiratory (7 decks)

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