Lungs and their blood supply

Question 1

What separates the 2 distinct pleural cavities

Answer 1

the mediastinum

Question 2

Where does the pleural fluid drain

Answer 2

the visceral layer and the lymphatics

Question 3

What is the fxn of the pleural fluid

Answer 3

create surface tension to help 2 pleural layers to adhere to each other.

Question 4

Define a tension pneumothorax

Answer 4

life-threatening condition that develops when air enters the pleural cavity and becomes trapped, displacing mediastinal structures and compromising cardiopulmonary function

Question 5

How how many lobes and segments are in the R lung

Answer 5

3 lobes, 10 segments

Superior lobe= 3 segments
Middle lobe= 2 segments
Inferior lobe= 5 segments

Question 6

How how many lobes and segments are in the L lung

Answer 6

2 lobes, 10 segments

Superior lobe= 5 segments
Inferior lobe= 5 segments

Question 7

Describe the surface borders of the lung

Answer 7

Superior= extend just above the clavicle

Inferior= base of the lung on the convex area of the diaphragm

Costal= anterior area that lies against costal region

Mediastinal= medial area of the lungs that lie against the mediastinum

Question 8

Which lung contains a cardiac notch

Answer 8

the L lung

Question 9

What is the lingula

Answer 9

medial projection of the inferior aspect of the superior lobe of the L lung that is inferior to the cardiac notch

Question 10

Where is the only area to palpate the lungs

Answer 10

the supraclavicular space where the apex of the lung protrudes

Question 11

What lung is thicker, broader and shorter

Answer 11

the R lung

Question 12

What lung is thinner and slightly smaller

Answer 12

the L lung

Question 13

What fissure separates the inferior and superior lobes of the L lung

Answer 13

The oblique fissure

Question 14

What fissure separates the inferior and middle lobes of the R lung

Answer 14

The horizontal fissure

Question 15

What does the oblique fissure of the R lung separate

Answer 15

mostly the inferior and middle lobe but it does separate a small portion of the lateral aspect of the superior lobe and the lateral aspect of the inferior lobe

Question 16

Define bronchopulmonary segments and how many are found in each lung

Answer 16

segment of lung tissue supplied by 1 tertiary bronchus

10 segments per lung

R lung
Superior lobe= 3 segments
Middle lobe= 2 segments
Inferior lobe= 5 segments

L lung
Superior lobe= 5 segments
Inferior lobe= 5 segments

Question 17

What is the compartment of the lung that further divides the bronchopulmonary segments and what do they contain

Answer 17

Lobules

-comprised of compartments wrapped in elastic connective tissue and contains a terminal bronchiole, a lymph vessel, an arteriole, and a venule

Question 18

What is another term for an alveolar sac

Answer 18

acinus

Question 19

How are adjacent alveoli connected

Answer 19

connected by alveolar ducts and pores

Question 20

What is the fxn of alveolar pores

Answer 20

to help equalize pressure throughout the alveolar sac

Question 21

What 2 epithelial cells make up the alveolar walls and what are their fxns

Answer 21

Type 1 (alveolar cells): more numerous cell type that are the main site for gas exchange

Type 2 (septal cells): fewer in numbers found sporadically in-between type 1 cells, they secrete alveolar fluid (contains surfactant)

Question 22

What type of cells do not make of the alveolar wall but are found within the alveoli an what are there fxn

Answer 22

Alveolar macrophages (dust cells)

Monocytes- produce reticular and elastic fibers for small repairs of the alveoli

Question 23

What alveolar cell type does SARS COV 2 attack and why is this a problem

Answer 23

Type 2 (septal cells), alveolar fluid (surfactant) is not produced so alveoli collapse

Question 24

Besides surfactant what else is alveolar fluid contains

Answer 24

a complex mixture of phospholipids and lipoproteins

Question 25

What 2 layers form the respiratory membrane

Answer 25

alveolar and capillary walls

Question 26

What 2 arteries do the lung receive blood from

Answer 26

Pulmonary arteries= deoxygenated blood

Bronchial arteries= oxygenated blood

Question 27

Where does the bronchial artery arise and what does it profuse

Answer 27

arises from the aorta

perfuses the muscular wall of the bronchi and bronchioles