Lungs and their blood supply Flashcards
What separates the 2 distinct pleural cavities
the mediastinum
Where does the pleural fluid drain
the visceral layer and the lymphatics
What is the fxn of the pleural fluid
create surface tension to help 2 pleural layers to adhere to each other.
Define a tension pneumothorax
life-threatening condition that develops when air enters the pleural cavity and becomes trapped, displacing mediastinal structures and compromising cardiopulmonary function
How how many lobes and segments are in the R lung
3 lobes, 10 segments
Superior lobe= 3 segments
Middle lobe= 2 segments
Inferior lobe= 5 segments
How how many lobes and segments are in the L lung
2 lobes, 10 segments
Superior lobe= 5 segments
Inferior lobe= 5 segments
Describe the surface borders of the lung
Superior= extend just above the clavicle
Inferior= base of the lung on the convex area of the diaphragm
Costal= anterior area that lies against costal region
Mediastinal= medial area of the lungs that lie against the mediastinum
Which lung contains a cardiac notch
the L lung
What is the lingula
medial projection of the inferior aspect of the superior lobe of the L lung that is inferior to the cardiac notch
Where is the only area to palpate the lungs
the supraclavicular space where the apex of the lung protrudes
What lung is thicker, broader and shorter
the R lung
What lung is thinner and slightly smaller
the L lung
What fissure separates the inferior and superior lobes of the L lung
The oblique fissure
What fissure separates the inferior and middle lobes of the R lung
The horizontal fissure
What does the oblique fissure of the R lung separate
mostly the inferior and middle lobe but it does separate a small portion of the lateral aspect of the superior lobe and the lateral aspect of the inferior lobe
Define bronchopulmonary segments and how many are found in each lung
segment of lung tissue supplied by 1 tertiary bronchus
10 segments per lung
R lung
Superior lobe= 3 segments
Middle lobe= 2 segments
Inferior lobe= 5 segments
L lung
Superior lobe= 5 segments
Inferior lobe= 5 segments
What is the compartment of the lung that further divides the bronchopulmonary segments and what do they contain
Lobules
-comprised of compartments wrapped in elastic connective tissue and contains a terminal bronchiole, a lymph vessel, an arteriole, and a venule
What is another term for an alveolar sac
acinus
How are adjacent alveoli connected
connected by alveolar ducts and pores
What is the fxn of alveolar pores
to help equalize pressure throughout the alveolar sac
What 2 epithelial cells make up the alveolar walls and what are their fxns
Type 1 (alveolar cells): more numerous cell type that are the main site for gas exchange
Type 2 (septal cells): fewer in numbers found sporadically in-between type 1 cells, they secrete alveolar fluid (contains surfactant)
What type of cells do not make of the alveolar wall but are found within the alveoli an what are there fxn
Alveolar macrophages (dust cells)
Monocytes- produce reticular and elastic fibers for small repairs of the alveoli
What alveolar cell type does SARS COV 2 attack and why is this a problem
Type 2 (septal cells), alveolar fluid (surfactant) is not produced so alveoli collapse
Besides surfactant what else is alveolar fluid contains
a complex mixture of phospholipids and lipoproteins
