Pharynx And Esophagus Flashcards
situated behind the nasal cavities, the mouth, and the larynx
Pharynx
Three parts of pharynx
Nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx
___is funnel shaped; its upper, wider end lies under the base of the skull; its lower, narrow end is continuous with the esophagus opposite the ____
Pharynx, Sixth cervical vertebra
The pharynx is also continuous with the tympanic cavity via
Auditory tube
lies above the soft palate and behind the nasal cavities.
Nasopharynx (nasal pharynx)
A collection of lymphoid tissue, the _____, sits in the submucosa of the roof
Pharyngeal tonsil
The ______ is the opening in the floor between the soft palate and the posterior pharyngeal wall.
Pharyngeal isthmus
The elevated ridge that caps the opening is the
Tubal elevation
is a depression in the pharyngeal wall behind the tubal elevation.
Pharyngeal recess
is a vertical fold of mucous membrane covering the salpingopharyngeus muscle. This extends downward from the tubal elevation, behind the auditory tube.
Salphingopharyngeal fold
lies behind the oral cavity. The floor is the posterior one third of the tongue and the interval between the tongue and epiglottis
Oropharynx (oral pharynx)
Midline of oropharynx and lateral to the side
Median Glossoepiglotic fold
Lateral glossoepiglotic fold
The depression on each side of the median glossoepiglottic fold is the
Vallecula
a fold of mucous membrane covering the palatoglossus muscle.
Palatoglossal arch
The interval between the paired palatoglossal arches is called the ____ and marks the boundary between the mouth and pharynx.
Oropharyngeal isthmus
occupies the recess between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches.
Palatine tonsil
lies behind the opening into the larynx. The thyroid cartilage and the thyrohyoid membrane form the lateral wall.
Laryngopharynx (laryngeal pharynx)
is a depression in the mucous membrane on each side of the laryngeal inlet
Piriform fossa
Pharyngeal mucous membrane sensory nerve supply
Nasopharynx: ?
Oropharynx: ?
Laryngopharynx: ?
N: maxillary nerve
O: glossopharyngeal nerve
L: internal laryngeal branch of vagus nerve
Pharyngeal blood supply
Ascending pharyngeal,
tonsillar branches of facial arteries,
and
branches of the maxillary and lingual arteries
Muscles in the wall of the pharynx are?
Superior, middle, inferior constrictor muscle (circular)
Stylopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus m (longitudinal direction)
The lower part of the inferior constrictor, which arises from the cricoid cartilage, is called the
Cricopharyngeus muscle
the area on the posterior pharyngeal wall between the upper propulsive part of the inferior constrictor and the lower sphincteric part, the cricopharyngeus.
Killian dehiscence
What are the 7 pharynx muscles
Superior, inferior, middle constrictor
Cricopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus
Salphingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Oina of superior constrictor
Medial pertygoid plate, pterygoid hamukus, pterygomandibular ligament, mylohyoid line
Pharyngel tubercle of the occipital bone, raphe in midline pesteriorly
Pharyngel plexus (vagus)
Aids soft palate in closing off nasal pharynx, propels bolus downward
Oina of middle constrictor
Lower part of stylohyoid ligament, lesser and greater cornu of hyoid bone
Pharyngeal raphe
Pharyngeal plexus (vagus)
Propels bogus downward
Oina of inferior constrictor
Lamina of thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage
Pharyngeal raphe
Pharyngeal plexus (vagus)
Propels bogus downward
Oina of cricopharyngeus
Lowest fibers of inferior constrictor muscle
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Sphincter at lower end of the pharynx
Oina of stylopharyngeus
Styloid process of the temporal bone
Posterior border of the thyroid cartilage
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Elevates the larynx during swallowing
Oina of salpingopharyngeus
Auditory tube
Blends with palatopharyngeus
Pharyngeal plexus (vagus)
Elevates pharynx
Oina of palatopharyngeus
Palatine aponeurosis
Posterior border of the thyroid cartilage
Pharyngeal plexus (vagus)
Elevates wall of pharynx, pulls palatopharyngeal arch medially
Masticated food is formed into a ball or bolus on the ____ of the tongue and voluntarily pushed __ and ___ against the undersurface of the ___ palate.
Dorsum , upward and downward, hard
Swallowing is brought by the contraction of the __ on both sides
Styloglossus
M that squeezes the bolus backward into the pharynx
Palatoglossus
Prevents passage of food and drink into the nasal cavity
Shutting off the oral part of the pharynx by elevating the soft palate
pulling forward of the posterior wall of the pharynx by the upper fibers of the superior constrictor muscle
Contraction of the palatopharyngeus M
Contraction of the laryngeal part of the pharynx are ?
Stylopharyngeus M
Salpingopharyngeus M
Thyrohyoid M
Palatopharyngeus M
The food (digestive system) and air (respiratory system) pathways cross in the
Pharynx
Pharyngeal lymph drainage
Deep cervical nodes or indirectly via retropharyngeal or pretracheal nodes into the dcv
Important tonsils of pharynx
Palatine tonsils
Pharyngeal tonsils
are two masses of lymphoid tissue, each located in the depression on the lateral wall of the oropharynx between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
Palatine tonsil
The surface of palatine tonsils is pitted by numerous small openings that lead into the
Tonsillar crypts
The palatine tonsil is covered on its lateral surface by a fibrous _ The capsule is separated from the superior constrictor muscle by _ and the __ vein descends from the soft palate in this tissue to join the pharyngeal venous plexus.
Tonsillar capsule, loose areolar tissue, external palatine vein
Palatine tonsil reaches its maximum size during __, but after, it diminished in size
Early childhood
Blood supply of palatine tonsil
Tonsilar branch of facial A.
The veins pierce the superior constrictor muscle and join the external palatine, the pharyngeal, or the facial veins.
Tonsil lymph drainage
Upper deep cervical lymph node, below and behind the angle of the mandible
The lymphoid tissue that surrounds the opening into the respiratory and digestive systems forms a ring.
Waldeyer’s ring of lymphoid tissue
is a muscular tube about 10 in. (25 cm) long, extending from the pharynx to the stomach
Esophagus
Esophagus begins at the level of __, opposite the body of the sixth cervical vertebra
Cricoid cartilage
RELATIONS OF ESOPHAGUS IN THE NECK:
Ant
Pos
Lat
Ant: Trachea; the recurrent laryngeal nerves ascend one on each side, in the groove between the trachea and the esophagus
Post: Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia, the longus colli, and the vertebral column.
Laterally: On each side lie the lobe of the thyroid gland and the carotid sheath.
Blood supply in the neck
Inferior thyroid Aa supply the esophagus in the neck
Drains into the inferior thyroid veins
Lymph drainage in the neck in esophagus
Deep cervical lymph node
Nerve supply in the neck in esophagus
The recurrent laryngeal nerves and the sympathetic trunks supply the esophagus in the neck.
