Clinical And Embryology Notes

Question 1

Appears in the floor of the pharynx behin the tuberculum impar. It extends forward on each side of the tuberculum impar and becomes V-shaped

Answer 1

Copula

Question 2

A tooth that is in close relation to the lingual nerve?

Answer 2

Lower third molar tooth

Question 3

Separates the ectoderm and endoderm in the 3rd week of development

Answer 3

Buccopharyngeal membrane

Question 4

The oral cavity is formed from two sources: a depression from the exterior, the _____, which is lined with ______, and a part immediately posterior to this, derived from the cephalic end of the foregut and lined with ______

Answer 4

Stomodeum
Ectoderm
Entoderm

Question 5

Ectodermal structures of the mouth

Answer 5

Epithelium of the hard palate, sides of the mouth, lips, enamel of the teeth

Parotid gland

Question 6

Entodermal region of the mouth

Answer 6

Epithelium of the tongue, floor of the mouth, palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds, most of the soft palate

The secretory and duct epithelia of the sublingual and submandibular salivary glands

Question 7

Basic test in Hypoglossal nerve testing

Answer 7

Asking the patient to protrude their tongue

Question 8

About 4th week, a median swelling ___ appears in the entodermal ventral wall or floor of the pharynx

Answer 8

Tuberculum impar

Question 9

A derivative from the anterior end of each first pharyngeal arch that appears on each side of the tuberculum impar.

Answer 9

Lateral lingual swelling

Question 10

The lingual swellings thus form the ___ Because they are derived from the first pharyngeal arches

Answer 10

Anterior two thirds of the tongue

Question 11

The anterior two thirds of the tongue is separated from the posterior third by a groove, the ___ which represents the interval between the lingual swellings of the first pharyngeal arches and the anterior ends of the third pharyngeal arches.

Answer 11

Sulcus terminalis

Question 12

Innervation of circumvallate papillae

Answer 12

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 13

It is presumed that during development, the mucous membrane of the root of the tongue becomes pulled _____ slightly, so that fibers of CN IX cross the sulcus terminalis to supply these taste buds.

Answer 13

Anteriorly

Question 14

Give rise to the muscles of the tongue

Answer 14

Occipital myotomes

Question 15

These myotomes first are closely related to the developing hindbrain and later migrate ___ and ____around the pharynx and enter the tongue. The migrating myotomes carry with them their innervation _____, and this explains the long curving course taken by the nerve as it passes _____ and _____ in the ___ triangle of the neck.

Answer 15

Inferiorly and anteriorly

Hypoglossal nerve

Downward and forward

Carotid

Question 16

The medial nasal process forms the ___, which carries the four incisor teeth

Answer 16

Primary palate

Question 17

Posterior to the primary palate, the maxillary process on each side sends medially a horizontal plate called the palatal process; these plates fuse to form the _____ and also unite with the primary palate and the developing nasal septum.

Answer 17

Secondary palate

Question 18

The primary and secondary palates later will form the

Answer 18

_____

Question 19

Last structure to form in the palatal development

Answer 19

Uvula

Question 20

Two folds grow posteriorly from the posterior edge of the palatal processes to create the ?

Answer 20

Soft palate

Question 21

The union of the two folds of the soft palate occurs during the ___

Answer 21

8th week

Question 22

The two parts of the uvula fuse in the midline during the __ week?

Answer 22

11th

Question 23

The interval between the primary palate and secondary palate is represented in the midline by the ___

Answer 23

Incisive foramen

Question 24

First, second, third and fourth degree and a rare condition of fusion failure of the facial primordia

Answer 24

Cleft uvula

Ununited palatal processes

Unilateral cleft lip

Bilateral cleft lip

Bilateral cleft lip and jaw

Question 25

Size of the parotid duct

Answer 25

2in (5cm) long

Question 26

A benign parotid neoplasm rarely, if ever, causes___

Answer 26

Facial palsy

Question 27

a malignant tumor of the parotid is usually highly invasive and quickly involves the facial nerve, causing _____

Answer 27

Unilateral facial paralysis

Question 28

What nerve are affected in freys syndrome

Freys syndrome is a sweat secretion in the parotid gland instead for saliva production

Answer 28

Auriculotemporal and great auricular nerves

Question 29

Common site of calculus formation

Answer 29

Submandibular salivary gland

Question 30

A lymph node that is enlarged in a result of a pathologic condition of the scalp, face, maxillary sinus, or oral cavity.

Answer 30

Submandibular lymph nodes

Question 31

Most common cause of painful enlargement of the submandibular lymph node

Answer 31

Acute infection of the teeth

Question 32

Blockage of the sublingual ducts is believed to be the cause of ?

Answer 32

Cysts under the tongue

Question 33

The ______ is a recess of mucous membrane situated on either side of the entrance of the larynx. Clinically, it is important because it is a common site for the lodging of sharp ingested bodies such as fish bones.

Answer 33

Piriform fossa

Question 34

difficulty in swallowing

Answer 34

Dysphagia

Question 35

The function of the ___ is to prevent the entry of air into the esophagus

Answer 35

Cricopharyngeus

Question 36

The tonsils that are a common site of infection, producing the characteristic sore throat and pyrexia.

Answer 36

Palatine tonsil

Question 37

Recurrent attacks of tonsillitis are best treated by?

Answer 37

Tonsillectomy

Question 38

After tonsillectomy, the _______ vein , which lies lateral to the tonsil, may be the source of troublesome postoperative bleeding.

Answer 38

External palatine vein

Question 39

caused by spread of infection from the palatine tonsil to the loose connective tissue outside the capsule

Answer 39

peritonsillar abscess (quinsy)

Question 40

What is the Choice of treatment for hypertrophied adenoids with infection

Answer 40

Adenoidectomy

Question 41

Excessive hypertrophy of the lymphoid tissue, usually associated with infection, causes the pharyngeal tonsils to become enlarged

causes the patient to snore loudly at night and to breathe through the open mouth

Answer 41

Adenoids