Clinical And Embryology Notes Flashcards
Appears in the floor of the pharynx behin the tuberculum impar. It extends forward on each side of the tuberculum impar and becomes V-shaped
Copula
A tooth that is in close relation to the lingual nerve?
Lower third molar tooth
Separates the ectoderm and endoderm in the 3rd week of development
Buccopharyngeal membrane
The oral cavity is formed from two sources: a depression from the exterior, the _____, which is lined with ______, and a part immediately posterior to this, derived from the cephalic end of the foregut and lined with ______
Stomodeum
Ectoderm
Entoderm
Ectodermal structures of the mouth
Epithelium of the hard palate, sides of the mouth, lips, enamel of the teeth
Parotid gland
Entodermal region of the mouth
Epithelium of the tongue, floor of the mouth, palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds, most of the soft palate
The secretory and duct epithelia of the sublingual and submandibular salivary glands
Basic test in Hypoglossal nerve testing
Asking the patient to protrude their tongue
About 4th week, a median swelling ___ appears in the entodermal ventral wall or floor of the pharynx
Tuberculum impar
A derivative from the anterior end of each first pharyngeal arch that appears on each side of the tuberculum impar.
Lateral lingual swelling
The lingual swellings thus form the ___ Because they are derived from the first pharyngeal arches
Anterior two thirds of the tongue
The anterior two thirds of the tongue is separated from the posterior third by a groove, the ___ which represents the interval between the lingual swellings of the first pharyngeal arches and the anterior ends of the third pharyngeal arches.
Sulcus terminalis
Innervation of circumvallate papillae
Glossopharyngeal nerve
It is presumed that during development, the mucous membrane of the root of the tongue becomes pulled _____ slightly, so that fibers of CN IX cross the sulcus terminalis to supply these taste buds.
Anteriorly
Give rise to the muscles of the tongue
Occipital myotomes
These myotomes first are closely related to the developing hindbrain and later migrate ___ and ____around the pharynx and enter the tongue. The migrating myotomes carry with them their innervation _____, and this explains the long curving course taken by the nerve as it passes _____ and _____ in the ___ triangle of the neck.
Inferiorly and anteriorly
Hypoglossal nerve
Downward and forward
Carotid
The medial nasal process forms the ___, which carries the four incisor teeth
Primary palate
Posterior to the primary palate, the maxillary process on each side sends medially a horizontal plate called the palatal process; these plates fuse to form the _____ and also unite with the primary palate and the developing nasal septum.
Secondary palate
The primary and secondary palates later will form the
_____
Last structure to form in the palatal development
Uvula
Two folds grow posteriorly from the posterior edge of the palatal processes to create the ?
Soft palate
The union of the two folds of the soft palate occurs during the ___
8th week
The two parts of the uvula fuse in the midline during the __ week?
11th
The interval between the primary palate and secondary palate is represented in the midline by the ___
Incisive foramen
First, second, third and fourth degree and a rare condition of fusion failure of the facial primordia
Cleft uvula
Ununited palatal processes
Unilateral cleft lip
Bilateral cleft lip
Bilateral cleft lip and jaw
Size of the parotid duct
2in (5cm) long
A benign parotid neoplasm rarely, if ever, causes___
Facial palsy
a malignant tumor of the parotid is usually highly invasive and quickly involves the facial nerve, causing _____
Unilateral facial paralysis
What nerve are affected in freys syndrome
Freys syndrome is a sweat secretion in the parotid gland instead for saliva production
Auriculotemporal and great auricular nerves
Common site of calculus formation
Submandibular salivary gland
A lymph node that is enlarged in a result of a pathologic condition of the scalp, face, maxillary sinus, or oral cavity.
Submandibular lymph nodes
Most common cause of painful enlargement of the submandibular lymph node
Acute infection of the teeth
Blockage of the sublingual ducts is believed to be the cause of ?
Cysts under the tongue
The ______ is a recess of mucous membrane situated on either side of the entrance of the larynx. Clinically, it is important because it is a common site for the lodging of sharp ingested bodies such as fish bones.
Piriform fossa
difficulty in swallowing
Dysphagia
The function of the ___ is to prevent the entry of air into the esophagus
Cricopharyngeus
The tonsils that are a common site of infection, producing the characteristic sore throat and pyrexia.
Palatine tonsil
Recurrent attacks of tonsillitis are best treated by?
Tonsillectomy
After tonsillectomy, the _______ vein , which lies lateral to the tonsil, may be the source of troublesome postoperative bleeding.
External palatine vein
caused by spread of infection from the palatine tonsil to the loose connective tissue outside the capsule
peritonsillar abscess (quinsy)
What is the Choice of treatment for hypertrophied adenoids with infection
Adenoidectomy
Excessive hypertrophy of the lymphoid tissue, usually associated with infection, causes the pharyngeal tonsils to become enlarged
causes the patient to snore loudly at night and to breathe through the open mouth
Adenoids
