Digestive System Flashcards
Major components of the digestive system
Esophagus, oral cavity, pharynx
Components of oral cavity
Lips, teeth, tongue, palate, salivary glands
Are two fleshy folds that surrounds the oral orifice
Lips
Shallow vertical groove seen in the midline on the superficial surface of the upper lip
Philtrum
Median fold of mucous membrane that connects the inner surface of the lips to the gums
Labial frenulae
Two components of oral cavity
Vestibule and oral cavity proper
Extends from the lips to the pharynx
Oral cavity
Slitlike space that lies between the lips and the cheeks externally and the gums and the teeth internally
Vestibule
Lateral wall of vestibule is made up by the
Buccinator muscle (and is lined with mucous membrane)
What fibers are tethered to the buccinator muscles in the submucosa that prevents redundant folds from being bitten between the teeth when the jaws are closed
Elastic
Opening of the duct of the parotid salivary gland is located where?
Upper second molar tooth
___ has a roof and a floor
Oral cavity proper
The palate that forms the roof of the oral cavity proper
Hard palate (infront) soft palate (behind)
Floor of the oral cavity proper
The anterior two thirds of the tongue and the reflection of the mucous membrane
Connects the undersurface of the tongue to the floor of the mouth
Frenulum of the tongue
Lateral to the frenulum, the mucous membrane forms a fringed fold called?
Plica fimbriata
The sudmandibular gland opens to the?
Floor of the mouth on the summit of the papilla
The sublingual gland projects up into the mouth, producing a low fold of mucous membrane
Sublingual fold
Oral cavity sensory innervation
Roof: greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves (maxillary div. of CN V)
Floor: lingual nerve (general sensation)
Cheek: buccal nerve ( mandi div of trigeminal)
Placed in the alveolar margins of maxillae and mandible
Teeth
Tooth occupies its own socket and is anchored in place by?
Periodontal ligaments
Fixation of tooth constitutes a type of
Fibrous joint
The two successive overlapping generation of teeth
Primary and permanent dentition
How many teeth are there in the deciduous teeth
20
4 incisors
2canines
4molars
In each jaw
Eruption of deciduous teeth begins about
6 months after birth and have all erupted by the end of 2years
T or F: teeth of lower jaw usually appear before those of the upper jaw
True
How many teeth are there in permanent dentition
32
4 incisors
2 canine
4 premolars
6 molars
In each jaw
Permanent dentition begins to erupt in _____ and last tooth which is the third molar, happen to erupt between ages of ___
6 years of age
17 and 30
Mass of striated muscles covered with mucous membrane
Tongue
Divides the tongue into right and left halves
Median fibrous septum
Three types of papillae on the upper surface of the ant two thirds of the tongue
Filiform papillae
Fungiform papillae
Vallate papillae
the _______, divides the mucous membrane of the upper surface of the tongue into anterior and posterior parts
Sulcus terminalis
The sulcus divides the tongue into the ___and the __
Anterior two thirds (oral part; body)
Posterior third (pharyngeal part; root)
The foramen cecum is an embryologic remnant and marks the site of the upper end of the
Thyroglossal duct
On the lateral side of the frenulum, the deep lingual vein can be seen through the mucous membrane. Lateral to the lingual vein, the mucous membrane forms a fringed fold called the
Plica fibriata
muscles are confined to the tongue and are not attached to bone.
Intrinsic
muscles originate outside the tongue; they attach to bones and the soft palate.
Extrinsic
the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) supplies all the tongue muscles, except one, the ____
palatoglossus (supplied by vagus fibers in the pharyngeal plexus).
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Longitudinal, transverse, vertical
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus
Oina of genioglossus
Superior genial spine of mandible
Blends with other muscles of the tongue
Hypoglossal nerve
Protudes apex of the tongue through the mouth
Oina of hyoglossus
Body and greater cornu of hyoid bode
Blends with other muscles of the tongue
Hypoglossal nerve
Depresses the tongue
Oina of styloglossus
Styloid process of the temporal bone
Blends with other muscles of the tongue
Hypoglossal nerve
Draws the tongue upward and backward
Oina of Palatoglossus
Palatine poneurosis
Side of the tongue
Vagus nerve (pharyngel plexus)
Pulls roots of the tongue upward and backward, narrows oropharyngeal isthmus
Protudes the tongue
Genioglossus
Retraction And elevation of posterior third of the tongue
Styloglossus and palatoglossus
Depress the tongue
Hyoglossus
Retraction of tongue
Styloglossus and hyoglossus
Shape change of tongue?
Intrinsic muscle
Blood supply of tongue and venous drainage
F A I L
Lingual artery
Tonsillar branch of the facial artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Internal jugular vein
Lymph drainage of tongue
Tip: submental lymph node
Sides of the ant two thirds: submandibular and deep cervical lymph nodes
Posterior third: deep cervical lymph node
Sensory innervation of tongue
Ant 2/3: lingual nerve (general sensation)
and
Chorda tympani branch of facial nerve (taste)
__ forms the roof of the oral cavity and the floor of the nasal cavity
Palate
Its free posterior border of the soft palate in presents a conical projection in the midline called?
Uvula
The soft palate is continuous at the sides with the?
Lateral wall of the pharynx
Covers the upper and lower surfaces of the soft palate
Mucous membrane
__ is a fibrous sheet attached to the posterior border of the hard palate. It is the expanded tendon of the tensor veli palatini muscle
Palatine aponeurosis
What are the soft palate muscles TLPPM
Tensor vili palatini
Levator veli palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeous
Musculus uvulae
Oina of tensor veli palatini
Spine of sphenoid auditory tube
With muscle of other sides, forms palatine aponeurosis
Nerve to medial pterygoid from mandibular nerve
Tenses soft palate
Oina of levator veli palatini
Petrous part of temporal bone and auditory tube
Palatine aponeurosis
Pharyngel plexus (vagus nerve)
Raises soft palate
Oina of palatoglossus
Palatine aponeurosis
Side of the tongue
Pharyngel plexus (vagus)
Pulls root of the tongue upward and backward, narrows oropharyngeal isthmus
Oina of musculus uvulae
Posterior border of the hard palate
Muscous membrane of the uvula
Pharyngeal plexus (vagus)
Elevates uvula
The tendon, together with the tendon of the opposite side, expands to form the
Palatine aponeurosis
The tensor and levator palatini muscles also act on the mucous membrane of the auditory tube and so affect function in the?
Middle ear
The palatoglossal arch is a fold of mucous membrane containing the _____ which extends from the soft palate to the side of the tongue
Palatoglossus muscle
The palatoglossal arch marks where the oral cavity becomes the ___
Pharynx
The ______ is a fold of mucous membrane behind the palatoglossal arch that runs downward and laterally to join the pharyngeal wall.
Palatopharyngeal arch
The _____, which are masses of lymphoid tissue, are located in the tonsillar fossa between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
Palatine tonsils
Raising the soft palate closes the
Pharyngeal isthmus
Closure of pharyngeal isthmus occurs during the production of explosive consonants in__ and __
Speech
And
During swallowing
Sensory innervation of the palate
Greater and lesser palatine nerves from the maxillaryv div of trigeminal
The __ also a branch of the maxillary nerve, enters the front of the hard palate through the incisive foramen.
Nasopalatine nerve
__ also supplies the soft palate
Glossopharyngeal
Arterial Branch supple of palate
Greater palatine brach of max A
Ascending palatine branch of facial A
Ascending pharyngeal A
Palatal lymph drainage
Deep cervical lymph node
Three major pairs of salivary glands
Parotid gland
Sumbandibular gland
Submental gland
(Labial, buccal, palatal glands are minor salivary glands )
Largest salivary gland and mostly composed of serous acini
Parotid gland
The facial nerve divides the parotid gland into?
Superficial and deep lobes
emerges from the anterior border of the gland and passes forward over the lateral surface of the masseter.
Parotid duct
It pierces the buccinator muscle and enters the vestibule of the mouth upon a small papilla opposite the upper second molar tooth
Parotid duct
Nerve supply of the parotid duct
Glossopharyngeal nerve (carries preganglionic parasympathetic secremotor fibers)
These pass into the tympanic nerve and synapse in the otic ganglion
Postganglionic fibers attach to the auriculotemporal nerve and follow that to the gland
gland consists of a mixture of serous and mucous acini
Submandibular gland
The submandibular gland lies beneath the lower border of the body of the mandible and is divided into superficial and deep parts by the
Mylohoid muscle
The submandibular duct opens into the mouth on a small papilla, which is situated at the side of the?
Frenulum of the tongue
Nerve supply pf submandibular gland
Facial nerve - provides parasympathetic secremotor supply via chorda tympani branch and the submandibular ganglion. The postganglionic fibers pass directly to the gland
lies beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth, close to the frenulum of the tongue. It has both serous and mucous acini, with the latter predominating.
Sublingual gland
Number of sublingual ducts that open into the mouth on the summit of the sublingual fold
8 to 20 in number
Nerve supply of sublingual gland
facial nerve provides the parasympathetic secretomotor supply via its chorda tympani branch and the submandibular ganglion. The postganglionic finers pass directly to the gland
The salpingopharyngeal fold is a vertical fold of mucous membrane covering the
Salpingopharyngeus muscle
Depression on each side of the median glossoepiglottic fold is the?
Vallecula
This lies behind the oral cavity. The floor is the posterior one third of the tongue and the interval between the tongue and epiglottis
Oropharynx (oral pharynx)
This lies behind the opening into the larynx. The thyroid cartilage and the thyrohyoid membrane form the lateral wall.
Laryngopharynx (laryngeal pharynx)
is a depression in the mucous membrane on each side of the laryngeal inlet
Piriform fossa
Medial and lateral boundary of laryngopharynx
Aryepiglottic fold
Thyroid cartilage
Pharyngeal Mucous Membrane Sensory Nerve Supply
Nasopharynx ?
Oropharynx ?
Laryngopharynx ?
Maxillary nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Internal laryngeal branch of vagus nerve
Pharyngeal blood supply
Ascending pharyngeal
Tonsillar branch of facial A
And
Branches of maxillary and lingual A
Fibers of superior, middle and inferior constrictor runs in what direction?
Circular
Fibers of Stylopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus runs in what direction
Longitudinal
The lower part of the inferior constrictor, which arises from the cricoid cartilage
Cricopharyngeus muscle
The fibers of the cricopharyngeus pass ___ around the lowest and narrowest part of the pharynx and act as a ___
Horizontally
Sphincter
The apex of the sulcus projects backward and is marked by a small pit, the?
Foramen cecum
Mucous membrane covering the posterior third of the tongue is devoid of papillae but has an irregular surface, caused by the presence of underlying lymph nodes, the ?
Lingual tonsil
The gingiva, or gum, is strongly attached to the?
Alveolar periosteum
