Pharynx Flashcards
What is the pharynx
muscular sac hanging from the base of the skull
common opening for air and food
What part of the pharynx will receive openings for oral cavity
oropharynx
What part of the pharyx will receive openings for larynx
laryngopharynx
What part of pharynx will receive openings for nasal cavity
nasopharynx
What marks the posterior wall of the pharynx
pharyngeal tubercle
Where does the pharynx insert laterall
cartilaginous portion of the pharyngotympanic tube
What are the cranial attachments of superior constrictor
medial pterydoid plate hamulus
pteygomandibular raphe
What are the attachments of the middle constrictors
stylohyoid ligament and hyoid bone
What are the attachments of the inferior constrictors
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
What muscles will attach to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage
sternothyroid and thyrohyoid
What does the palatopharyngela sphincter differentiate
pharyngeal isthmus between the nasopharynx and oropharynx
What are the pharyngeal constrictor muscles innervated by
vagus CNX
What does the stylopharyngeus muscle span
styloid process to the gap between the superior and middle constrictors
What is stylopharyngeus muscle innervated by
CN IX: glossopharyngeal
Where does the Salpingopharyngeus muscle span
pharyngotympanic tube to the pharyngeal wall
What is salpingopharyngeus muscle innervated by
CNX
Where does the palatopharyngeus muscle span
soft palate to the pharyngeal wall
What is the palatopharyngeus muscle innervated by
CNX: vagus
What does the palatopharyngeus muscle form
palatopharyngeal arch
What are the longitudinal muscles of the pharyngeal wall
stylopharyngeus
salpingopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus
What are the functions of the stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharygeus muscles
elevate the pharynx
What are the fascial layers that cover the pharyngeal wall
buccopharyngeal fascia (outside) pharyngobasilar fascia (inside)
What are in between the buccopharyngeal and pharyngobasilar fascia
constrictor muscles
How many gaps are seen in the pharyns
4
Where does GAP 1 occur
superior to the superior constrictor
Where does GAP 2 occur
between superior and middle constrictor
Where does GAP 3 occur
between middle and inferior constrictor
Where does GAP 4 occur
under the inferior constrictor
Where is the nasopharynx found
behind the choanae above the soft palate
What forms the ceiling of the nasopharyns
skull base (sphenoid and occipital bones)
Where will the pharyngotympanic tube open
nasopharynx
What is the torus tubarius
elevation by the cartilage of the pharyngotympanic tube
What does the mucosa covering of the torus tubarius contain
tubarian tonsils
What is contianed within the salpingopharyngeal fold
salpingopharyngeus muscle
Where is the levator veli palatini contained
salpingopalatini gold
What innervates levator veli palatini
Vagus
Where is the oropharynx found
behind oral cavity
What structures are found within the oropharyngeal isthmus
palatoglossal arch
palatine tonsils
palatopharyngeal arch
What does the palatoglossal arch contain
palatoglossus muscle
What does the palatopharyngeal arch contain
palatopharyngeus muscle
Where is the lingual tonsil found
base of tongue
Where are palatoglossal arches found
between soft palate and tongue
What is the superior blood supply of the pharynx
ascending pharyngeal artery
Ascending palatine and tonsillary branches of facial
small branches of maxillary and lingual arteries
What is the inferior blood supply of the pharyns
pharygeal branches of the inferior thyroid artery
What causes most of the bleeding during tonsillectomy
ascending palatine and tonsillary branches
Where will the pharyngeal venous plexus drain
superiorly: pterygoid plexus
inferiorly: facial and internal jugular veins
What are the branches of the pharyngeal plexus that will supply motor and sensory info to the pharynx
external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (Vagus CNX)
pharyngeal branch (Glossopharyngeal CNIX)
What nerve will supply sensory innervation to the nasopharynx
pharyngeal branch of the maxillary nerve (V2)
What nerve will supply sensory innervation to the oropharynx
CNIX
What nerve will supply sensory innervation to the laryngopharynx
CNX
What nerves will provide the afferent and efferent limbs of the gag reflex
afferent CNIX
efferent CNX
What is the course of the glossopharyngeal nerve around the pharynx
through the jugular foramen.
First on posterior surface of the stylopharyngeus then turns to the lateral surface of the muscle
Passes through the gap between superior and middle constrictors under the palatine tonsil
Reaches the poster aspect of the tongue
