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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy Exam 3 > Head: Cranial Vault > Flashcards

Head: Cranial Vault Flashcards

1
Q

What is a bregma

A

junction of coronal and sagittal sutures

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2
Q

Where is the coronal suture located

A

frontal and parietal bones

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3
Q

Where is the sagittal suture located

A

between right and left parietal bones

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4
Q

What is the falx cerebri

A

fold of dura mater in the longitudinal fissure between the two cerebral hemispheres

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5
Q

Where does the falx cerebri attach

A

Anterior: frontal crest and crista galli

Posterior: continuous with tenotrium cerebelli

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6
Q

What is the superior sagittal sinus

A

large vein in longitudinal fissure between dura mater

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7
Q

What does the superior sagittal sinus carry

A

csf and blood

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8
Q

What is the function of foveolae granulares

A

CSF reabsorption

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9
Q

What is the sella turcica

A

saddle like surface feature within the body of the sphenoid bone

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10
Q

What is the pit of the sella turcica colled

A

hypophyseal fossa

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11
Q

What is housed in the hypophyseal fossa

A

pituitary gland

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12
Q

What are the parts of the sella turcica

A

tuberculum sellae
hypophyseal fossa
dorsal sellae

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13
Q

What forms the body of the sphenoid bone

A

sella turcica

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14
Q

Where is the sphenoid sinus located

A

under the hypophyseal fossa

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15
Q

What does the petrous portion of the temporal bone differentiate

A

posterior and middle cranial fossa

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16
Q

What is the function of the sphenoid sinus

A

keeps the nasal passages from drying out

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17
Q

What is the sphenoid sinus lined with

A

mucus secreting cells

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18
Q

What bones compose the anterior cranial fossa

A

frontal bone
sphenoid bones (lesser wings and body)
ethmoid

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19
Q

What are the components of the ethmoid bone

A

christa galli and cribiform plate

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20
Q

What is the foramen cecum

A

region between ethmoid and frontal bones that connects with the prenasal space

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21
Q

Where does the cribiform plate condense

A

foramen cecum

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22
Q

What structures may be contained within the foramen cecum

A

emissary veins

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23
Q

What is the crista galli

A

median blade in the cribiform plate, attachment point for the dura mater

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24
Q

What is contained within the optic canals

A

optic nerve

opthalmic artery

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25
Q

What bones form the middle cranial fossa

A

sphenoid wings

temporal

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26
Q

Where is the chiasmatic sulcus

A

between optic canals for optic chiasm

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27
Q

What is the optic chiasm

A

x-shaped structure formed at the point below the brain where the two optic nerves cross each other

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28
Q

What structures will travel through the superior orbital fissure

A

CN III
CN IV
CN VI
opthalmic nerve and vein

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29
Q

What structure will travel through the foramen rotundum

A

CN V2 (maxillary nerve)

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30
Q

What structures will travel through the foramen ovale

A

Accessory middle meningeal artery

Mandibular nerve

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31
Q

What structure will travel through the foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal artery

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32
Q

What bone is the trigeminal impression seen on

A

temporal bone

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33
Q

What bone will have grooves and hiatus for greater and lesser petrosal nerves

A

temporal bone

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34
Q

Where do lesser and greater petrosal nerves originate from

A

Greater: CN 7
Lesser: CN 9

35
Q

Where is the tegmen tympani found

A

temporal bone

36
Q

What does the tegmen tympani form

A

roof of middle ear

37
Q

What bones form the posterior cranial fossa

A

temporal and occipital

38
Q

What forms the slope of the posterior cranial fossa

A

dorsum sallae and clivus

39
Q

What structures will be seen on the petrous part of the temporal bone

A

groove for inferior petrosal sinus and inferior acoustic meatus

40
Q

What structures pass through the internal acoustic meatus

A

CN 7 and 8

41
Q

What structures pass through the jugular foramen

A

CN 9, 10, 11

Internal jugular vein

42
Q

What structures will pass through the jugular tubercle and hypoglossal canal

A

CN 12 and the meningeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery

43
Q

What structures will pass through the condylar canal

A

emissary vein

44
Q

What structures will pass through the foramen magnum

A

brain stem
CN 11
vertebral arteries

45
Q

What is the basillar artery

A

formed from the two vertebral arteries joining

46
Q

Where does the basillar artery run

47
Q

What are the cranial meninge layers

A

Dura
Arachnoid
Pia mater

48
Q

Where is the dura mater

A

2 layers: Periosteal layer and meningeal layer

49
Q

Where is the arachnoid mater

A

covers the brain; does not follow contours

50
Q

Where is the pia mater

A

adhered to the brain; follows contours

51
Q

What is in the subarachnoid space

52
Q

What vessels will cause a subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

veins and arteries within the subarachnoid space are bleeding

53
Q

Where is the falx cerebri found

A

between the two hemispheres of the brain

54
Q

Where is the falx cerebelli found

A

under tentorium cerebelli, between cerebellar hemispheres

55
Q

Where does the middle meningeal artery enter the skull

A

foramen spinosum

56
Q

Where does the middle meningeal artery originate

A

maxillary artery

57
Q

Where does the ascending pharyngeal artery originate

A

internal carotid

58
Q

What are the branches of the pharyngeal artery

A

jugular foramen and hypoglossal canal

59
Q

What is the anterior cranial fossa innervated by

60
Q

What is the middle cranial fossa innervated by

61
Q

What is the posterior cranial fossa innervated by

A

Cranial nerves

62
Q

What is the function of the arachnoid villi (granulations)

A

reabsorption of CSF

63
Q

What is the pterion

A

region where the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones join together

64
Q

What may result from a fracture to the pterion

A

extradural hematoma

65
Q

What causes an extradural hematoma

A

bleeding from middle meningeal artery

66
Q

What will be damaged in a subdural hematoma

A

cerebral vein between arachnoid and dura

67
Q

Where are the venous sinuses found

A

between periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater

68
Q

Where do venous sinuses receive blood from

A

diploic and emissary veins

69
Q

Where do venous sinuses drain

A

via cerebral veins and empty into internal jugular

70
Q

What is the significance of the valves in the emissary veins

A

No valves, infection can enter cranial vault from outer surface of the skull

71
Q

What is the largest venous sinus

A

superior sagittal sinus

72
Q

What sinus will receive the great cerebral vein

A

straight sinus

73
Q

Where does the sphenoparietal sinus drain

A

cavernous sinus

74
Q

Where do the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses drain

A

cavernous sinus–> transverse sinus to the jugular vein

75
Q

What is the sigmoid sinus

A

continuation of the transverse sinus that will go through the jugular foramen

76
Q

What are the functions of dural venous sinuses

A

venous drainage for the cranial bones and brain

77
Q

Where does the cavernous sinus occur

A

between periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater

78
Q

What cranial nerves will have components that course through the cavernous sinus

A

3, 4, V1, 6, V2

79
Q

What are the structures found within the cavernous sinus

A 
CN III
CN IV
CN V1
CN V2
CN VI
Internal carotid artery
80
Q

How can an infection spread in the danger triangle of the face

A 
facial vein to inferior opthalmic vein to cavernous sinus
OR
superior opthalmic v to cavernous sinus
OR 
pterygoid venous plexus
81
Q

What is cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

thrombophlebitis (inflamed vein with clots) travels to cavernous sinus

82
Q

What are S/S of cavernous sinus thrombosis

A 
exophthalmos
conjunctival infection
Ptosis
dilated pupil
voluntary movement of orbit lost
tingling and burning of forehead, nose, and upper face
83
Q

What is a dural headache

A

loss of CSF following lumbar puncture can cause brain to sag, which pulls on the vessels attached to the dura causing pain

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy Exam 3 (17 decks)

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