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LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy Exam 3 > Head: Scalp, Face, Parotid > Flashcards

Head: Scalp, Face, Parotid Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the scalp

A 
Skin
Connective Tissue Dense
Aponeurosis
Loose CT
Pericranium
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2
Q

What layers of the scalp will be injured in a scalping injury

A

Scalp proper

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3
Q

What is scap proper

A

skin
dense connective tissue
aponeurosis

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4
Q

What is the innervation of the scalp and vasculature contained within the scalp

A

loose connective tissue

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5
Q

What is the function of the dense connective tissue

A

anchors skin to aponeurosis

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6
Q

What arteries are found within the connective tissue layer of the scalp

A

external carotid and ophthalmic arteries

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7
Q

What are the external carotid artery branches within the scalp

A

superficial temporal
posterior auricular
occipital

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8
Q

What nerves supply GSA innervation to the scalp

A

branches from CNV, C2, and C3

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9
Q

What divides cranial innervation from cervical innervation in the scalp

A

vertex

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10
Q

GSA innervation from CN V is where on the head

A

face and sides

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11
Q

GSA innervation from C2 and C3 is where on the head

A

back of head

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12
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the auriculotemporal nerve

A

Innervates temple and side and side of scalp

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13
Q

What muscle is contained within the aponeurosis of the scalp

A

occipitofrontalis muscle

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14
Q

What is the aponeurotic tendon between frontal and occipital bellies

A

galea aponeurotica

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15
Q

What is the occipitofrontalis muscle innervated by

A

CN7

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16
Q

What layer will infections spread through in the scalp

A

loose CT; danger level, more room for things to spread and grow

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17
Q

What pharyngeal arch will give rise to the face

A

pharyngeal arch 1

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18
Q

What nerve is associated with first pharyngeal arch

A

cranial nerve V

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19
Q

WHat nerve will supply cutaneous innervation to the face.

A

Trigeminal nerve

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20
Q

What will CN V1 supply to the face

A

forehead, upper eyelids, tip of nose

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21
Q

What will CN V2 supply to the face

A

cheeks, lateral nose, upper lip

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22
Q

What will CN V3 supply to the face

A

chin, lower lip, temple

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23
Q

Where are the cell bodies found that provide sensory innervation to the face

A

trigeminal ganglion

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24
Q

What are possible cause of trigeminal neuralgia

A

abberant artery that compresses cranial nerve 5

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25
Q

What are possible treatment options for trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamazepine to treat symptoms; microvascular decomphression

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26
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression

A 
frontalis
orbicularis oculi
buccinator
orbicularis oris
zygomaticus major
zygomaticus minor
depressor labii inferiorius
depressor anguli oris
mentalis
nasalis
platysma
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27
Q

What is the function of orbicularis occuli

A

closing the eye

28
Q

What is the function of orbicularis oris

A

duck face or whistle

29
Q

What is the function of zygomaticus major

30
Q

What is the function of platysma

A

superficial muscle helps tense the neck

31
Q

What is the function of buccinator

A

deep within cheek, keeps food in mouth

32
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression innervated by

33
Q

What are the attachments of the buccinator muscle

A

pterygomandibular raphe to orbicularis oris

34
Q

What nerve will chorda tympani hitchhike on

35
Q

What structure will the facial nerve use to exit the skull

A

stylomastoid foramen

36
Q

Where does the posterior auricular nerve originate

37
Q

What does the posterior auricular nerve innervate

A

posterior auricular muscle and occipital belly of occipitofrontalis

38
Q

What are the 5 branches of CN7 that will pass deep to parotid gland

A 
Temporalis
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal Mandibular
Cervical
39
Q

What do the temporal branches of CN7 supply

A

orbicularis occuli and frontal branches

40
Q

What do the zygomatic branches of CN7 supply

A

zygomaticus major and upper lip

41
Q

What do the Buccal branches of CN7 supply

A

cheek to corner of mouth, innervate buccinator

42
Q

What are the main vessels that supply blood to the face

A

facial
superficial temporal
maxillary

opthalmic arteries from internal carotid

43
Q

What is the clinical significance of venous drainage of the face

A

there are many intracranial connections, lack of valves allow for bid-directional flow, which can permit spread of infection

44
Q

What arteries will supply the lips

A

labial arteries from external carotid

45
Q

What artery will supply the upper eyelids

A

supratrochlear and

supraorbital arteries from internal carotid

46
Q

What artery will supply the cheek

A

transverse facial from superficial temporal

47
Q

How is the retromandibular vein formed

A

merging of superficial temporal and maxillary vein

48
Q

Where does the common facial vein drain

A

internal jugular vein

49
Q

How is the common facial vein formed

A

retromandibular vein communicates with facial vein, submental vein

50
Q

What veins are involved in the danger area of the face

A

deep facial vein communicates with pterygoid venous plexus: communicates with cavernous venous plexus

51
Q

What is the danger of the danger triangle of the face

A

venous connections from face to the cranial cavity which can potentially spread infection through the venous channels

52
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the face

A
  1. parotid
  2. submandibular
  3. submental
    all drain to deep cervical nodes along internal jugular vein
53
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the lips

A

submandibular (upper and lateral lower)

submental: medial, lower lip

54
Q

What are S/S of Bells Palsy

A

Droopiness, can’t wrinkle forehead

55
Q

What is the cause of Bells Palsy

A

damage to cranial nerve 7

56
Q

What is the parotid gland enclosed by

A

parotid sheath

57
Q

Where is the parotid gland located

A

parotid bed

58
Q

Describe the course of the parotid gland

A

crosses superficial to masseter, pierces buccinator muscle; opens into oral cavity near second upper molar

59
Q

What nerves will supply motor and sensory info to the buccinator

A

Facial nerve: motor

Sensory: V3

60
Q

What structures are associated with the parotid gland

A

CNVII and motor branches
External carotid artery and branches
Retromandibular vein
Masseter and mandible

61
Q

What nerve will innervate the parotid sheath

A

auriculotemporal nerve from V3

62
Q

What does the auriculotemporal nerve sense

A

pain if the parotid gland is infected

63
Q

Mumps in Children causes what

A

parotid gland to swell; pain transmitted via auriculotemporal nerve

64
Q

What nerves will supply GSA and GVE to the parotid gland

A

GSA: auriculotemporal nerve and greater auricular nerve

GVE: CN9 (parasympathetic) and cervical ganglia (sympathetic)

65
Q

What does the greater auricular nerve supply sensation to

A

angle of the mandible

66
Q

What is the course of the tympanic nerve

A

tympanic cavity, exits canal as lesser petrosal nerve, exts skull and emerges in infratemporal fossa

67
Q

How do parasympathetics reach the parotid gland

A

hitchhike on lingual nerve

LECOM MS1 Gross Anatomy Exam 3 (17 decks)

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