Pharynx Flashcards
Pharynx extends from the nasal cavity to
Larynx
3 compartments of the pharynx
Nasapharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx
Nasopharynx extends from the
Skull base to soft palate
Oropharynx is posterior to the oral cavity and extends from soft palate to
Hyoid bone
Barium examination of the alimentary tract include the pharynx down to the
Ligament of Treitz
Hypopharynx or laryngopharynx extends from the hyoid bone to the
Cricopharyngeus muscle
What forms the anterior boundary of oropharynx
Base of tongue
What separates larynx from oropharynx and hypopharynx
Epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds
Two symmetrical pouches formed in the recess between the base of tongue and epiglottis
Valleculae
Valleculae is divided medially by
Median glossoepiglottic fold
Valleculae is bounded laterally by the
Lateral glossoepiglottic folds
Deep, symmetrical , lateral recesses formed by the protrusion of the larynx into the hypopharynx
Piriform sinuses
Esophagus extends from the
Cricopharyngeus muscle at level of C5-C6 To the gastroesophageal junction
Esophagus is a muscular tube formed by and outer _____ layer and inner ______ layer
Outer longitudinal and inner circular
Esophagus lacks ______ layer, which allows the rapid spread of tumor into adjacent tissues
Serosal layer
Proximal 1/3 of esophagus is predominantly _____ muscle
Striated
Distal 2/3 of esophagus below the level of aortic arch is predominantly ____ muscle
Smooth muscle
Normal extrinsic impressions on the esophagus are
Aortic arch
Left mainstrm bronchus
Left atrium
Early sign of dysmotility or esophagitis
Feline esophagus
The wall of the distended esophagus should not exceed ____ mm in thickness
3 mm
Sacculad termination in the esophagus
Esophageal vestibule
Formed by a symmetrical muscular ring called
A ring
Asymmetrical mucosal ring or notch that occurs at the junction of esophageal squamous epithelium with gastric columnar epithelium
B ring
Squamocolumnar junction is marked by ____ line, a thin ragged line of demarcation seen on double-contrast views of lower esophagus
Z line
Radiographic markers of gastroesophageal junction
B ring and Z lines
A 2-4 cm long high pressure zone located in the esophageal vestibule
Lower esophageal stricture
Angled opening in the diaphragm, formed by the edges of diaphragmatic crura
Esophageal hiatus
With ______, the proximal vestibule and A ring lie in the thorax, mid vestibule is in the Esophageal hiatus, and the distal vestibule and B ring are in the abdomen
Normal breathing
With ______, the vestibule opens and moves upward, and the B ring may be seen 1 cm above the diaphragm
Swallowing
More dedicated study for evaluation of swallowing disorders and suspected lesions of the pharynx and esophagus
Barium swallow or esophagram
Distention of the pharynx is provided by having the patient
Phonate
Collapsed views of the barium-coated esophagus
Mucosal relief views
Demonstrates esophageal wall and adjacent structures to determine extent of disease
CT
Preferred modality for evaluation of nasopharynx, also to determine extent of esophageal disease
MR
Provides clear depiction of blood vessels and confirms the presence of varices and in evaluating mediastinal vascular anatomy
MR
Useful for demonstration of tumor penetration of esophageal wall
Endoscopic sonography
