Pharynx

Question 1

Pharynx extends from the nasal cavity to

Answer 1

Larynx

Question 2

3 compartments of the pharynx

Answer 2

Nasapharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx

Question 3

Nasopharynx extends from the

Answer 3

Skull base to soft palate

Question 4

Oropharynx is posterior to the oral cavity and extends from soft palate to

Answer 4

Hyoid bone

Question 5

Barium examination of the alimentary tract include the pharynx down to the

Answer 5

Ligament of Treitz

Question 6

Hypopharynx or laryngopharynx extends from the hyoid bone to the

Answer 6

Cricopharyngeus muscle

Question 7

What forms the anterior boundary of oropharynx

Answer 7

Base of tongue

Question 8

What separates larynx from oropharynx and hypopharynx

Answer 8

Epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds

Question 9

Two symmetrical pouches formed in the recess between the base of tongue and epiglottis

Answer 9

Valleculae

Question 10

Valleculae is divided medially by

Answer 10

Median glossoepiglottic fold

Question 11

Valleculae is bounded laterally by the

Answer 11

Lateral glossoepiglottic folds

Question 12

Deep, symmetrical , lateral recesses formed by the protrusion of the larynx into the hypopharynx

Answer 12

Piriform sinuses

Question 13

Esophagus extends from the

Answer 13

Cricopharyngeus muscle at level of C5-C6 To the gastroesophageal junction

Question 14

Esophagus is a muscular tube formed by and outer _____ layer and inner ______ layer

Answer 14

Outer longitudinal and inner circular

Question 15

Esophagus lacks ______ layer, which allows the rapid spread of tumor into adjacent tissues

Answer 15

Serosal layer

Question 16

Proximal 1/3 of esophagus is predominantly _____ muscle

Answer 16

Striated

Question 17

Distal 2/3 of esophagus below the level of aortic arch is predominantly ____ muscle

Answer 17

Smooth muscle

Question 18

Normal extrinsic impressions on the esophagus are

Answer 18

Aortic arch
Left mainstrm bronchus
Left atrium

Question 19

Early sign of dysmotility or esophagitis

Answer 19

Feline esophagus

Question 20

The wall of the distended esophagus should not exceed ____ mm in thickness

Answer 20

3 mm

Question 21

Sacculad termination in the esophagus

Answer 21

Esophageal vestibule

Question 22

Formed by a symmetrical muscular ring called

Answer 22

A ring

Question 23

Asymmetrical mucosal ring or notch that occurs at the junction of esophageal squamous epithelium with gastric columnar epithelium

Answer 23

B ring

Question 24

Squamocolumnar junction is marked by ____ line, a thin ragged line of demarcation seen on double-contrast views of lower esophagus

Answer 24

Z line

Question 25

Radiographic markers of gastroesophageal junction

Answer 25

B ring and Z lines

Question 26

A 2-4 cm long high pressure zone located in the esophageal vestibule

Answer 26

Lower esophageal stricture

Question 27

Angled opening in the diaphragm, formed by the edges of diaphragmatic crura

Answer 27

Esophageal hiatus

Question 28

With ______, the proximal vestibule and A ring lie in the thorax, mid vestibule is in the Esophageal hiatus, and the distal vestibule and B ring are in the abdomen

Answer 28

Normal breathing

Question 29

With ______, the vestibule opens and moves upward, and the B ring may be seen 1 cm above the diaphragm

Answer 29

Swallowing

Question 30

More dedicated study for evaluation of swallowing disorders and suspected lesions of the pharynx and esophagus

Answer 30

Barium swallow or esophagram

Question 31

Distention of the pharynx is provided by having the patient

Answer 31

Phonate

Question 32

Collapsed views of the barium-coated esophagus

Answer 32

Mucosal relief views

Question 33

Demonstrates esophageal wall and adjacent structures to determine extent of disease

Answer 33

CT

Question 34

Preferred modality for evaluation of nasopharynx, also to determine extent of esophageal disease

Answer 34

MR

Question 35

Provides clear depiction of blood vessels and confirms the presence of varices and in evaluating mediastinal vascular anatomy

Answer 35

MR

Question 36

Useful for demonstration of tumor penetration of esophageal wall

Answer 36

Endoscopic sonography