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Anatomy Week 14 BT > Pharynx > Flashcards

Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three distinct regions of the pharynx?

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
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2
Q

At what vertebral level does the pharynx become continuous with the esophagus?

A

C6

**Note: C6 is also the level of the cricoid cartilage

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3
Q

The pterygoid Process, Medial pterygoid plate, hamulus, and lateral pterygoid plate are all features of which bone?

A

Sphenoid

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4
Q

The styloid process is a feature of what bone?

A

Temporal

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5
Q

The mylohyoid line is a feature on what bone?

A

Mandible

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6
Q

The pharyngeal tubercle is a feature of what bone?

A

Occipital Bone

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7
Q

What ligament spans between the tip of the pterygoid hamulus and a trianglular roughening that is immediately posterior to the 3rd molar?

A

Pterygomandibular Rahpe

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8
Q

What muscles are jointed by the pterygomandibular raphe?

A
  • Superior Constrictor (lateral pharyngeal wall)

- Buccinator (lateral wall of oral cavity)

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9
Q

What are the 3 different anterior attachments for the pharynx?

A
  • nasal cavity
  • oral cavity
  • larynx
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10
Q

What separates the pharynex from the vertebral column?

A
  • Retropharyngeal Space
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11
Q

What does the stylohyoid ligament attach to superiorly and inferiorly?

A

Superior:
Styloid Process

Inferior:
Lesser Horn of Hyoid bone

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12
Q

Where is the oblique line on the thyroid cartilage?

A
  • on the lateral part
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13
Q

Where is the tendinous arch or the pharynx located?

A
  • Between the lower aspect of the oblique line of thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage
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14
Q

What supports the epithelial lining of the pharyngeal wall?

A

Pharyngobasilar Fascia

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15
Q

What lies just anterior to the buccopharyngeal fascia?

A

The constrictor muscles

**Remember buccopharngeal fascia is the anterior lining of the retropharyngeal space

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16
Q

What lies under the posterior wall of the nasopharynx?

A
  • Pharyngeal Tubercle of Occipital Bone
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17
Q

Where can the pharyngeal tonsil be found?

A

In MUCOSA lying along OCCIPTAL Bone

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18
Q

What are the openings from the nasal cavity into the pharynx called?
- What splits these?

A

Choanae

  • split by the nasal Septum
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19
Q

What closes off access from the oropharynx to the nasopharynx?

A

Tensors and elevators of the palate and palatopharyngeal sphincter of the superior constrictor

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20
Q

What is the torus tubarius?

A

Auditory tube penetrates Pharynx here

**Note: cartilage of auditory tube creates a bump here that is covered in mucosa

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21
Q

What verticle extension of mucosa extends inferiorly from torus tubaris?
- What muscle does it overlie?

A
  • Salpingopharyngeal Fold

- Overlies Salpingopharygeus Muscle

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22
Q

Where is the pharyngeal Recess?

A
  • Just posterior to torus

- Extends behind upper part of salphingopharyngeal fold

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23
Q

What muscle contracts to open the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube?
- what activity naturally causes this to happen?

A

Salphigopharygeous

  • Swallowing

***Note: this equalizes the pressure on both sides of the eardrum

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24
Q

T or F: the hyoid bone is at about the same level at the upper limit of the epiglottis?

A

True

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25
Q

What is the area where respiratory and digestive systems cross?

A

Oropharynx

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26
Q

Where does the oropharynx meet the posterior limit of the oral cavity?
- What muscles underly these structures?

A

Tonsilar Pillars

Anterior to Tonsil:
Palatoglossus Muscle and overlying mucosa

Posterior to Tonsil:
Palatopharyngeus Muscle and overlying mucosa

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27
Q

What is a more specific junction between oral cavity and pharynx than Tonsilar Pillars?
- Underlying muscle

A
  • Palatoglossal Fold

- Palatopharyngeus muscle

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28
Q

Where is Palatopharyngeal Fold?

- Underlying muscle

A
  • Lateral wall of the Throat in same plane as uvula

- Overlies Palatopharyngeal Muscle

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29
Q

What fold extends between the Palatopharyngeal Fold and the epiglottis?

A

Pharyngoepiglottic Fold

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30
Q

What is the relationship of the stylopharyngeus muscle to the palatopharyngeal fold?

A

Stylopharyngeus attaches to the superior border of the thyroid cartilage just deep to this

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31
Q

What structures are separated by the piriform recess?

A

Separates:

- Posterior Border of Thyroid Cartilage from Cricoid Cartilage

32
Q

What is the clinical significance of the piriform recess?

- Underlying Structures involved.

A
  • Things you swallow tend to lodge here

- INFERIOR LARYNGEAL underlies this recess

33
Q

T or F: the ring of tonsils around the nasal and oral cavities provides a first line of defense against toxins and pathogens

A

True

34
Q

Where do all pharyngeal constrictors insert?

A

Posteriorly on the Pharyngeal Raphe with then inserts on the PHARYNGEAL TUBERCLE of the occipital bone

35
Q

What muscle descends from the styloid process and passes between the superior and middle constrictors?

A

Stylopharyngeus

*****LANDMARK for separating superior and middle constrictors

36
Q

What two longitudinal muscles of the pharynx both originate and insert on the inside of the pharynx?

A

Salpingopahryngeus and Palatopharyngeus

37
Q

You need to pop your ears. What muscle do you flex?

A
  • Flex salpingopharyngeus because it originates from the cartilage portion of the auditory tubes
38
Q

What muscles are responsible for raising larynx and wall of the pharynx during swallowing?

A

Longitudinal Pharyngeal muscles aka:

  • Stylopharyngeus
  • Salpingopharyngeus
  • Palatopharyngeus
39
Q

C6:

  • Cricoid
  • Pharynx –> esophagus
  • Entrance of Vertebal Artery to foramen in C6 transverse process
A

ajdldfjks

40
Q

T or F: the Buccopharyngeal fascia covers the ENTIRE pharynx from base of the scukk and extends out OVER the buccinator muscles in the face

A

True

41
Q

Where is the pharyngeal wall essentially devoid of muscle?

- What provides support in this area?

A
  • Uppermost aspect of the pharyngeal wall

**ONLY supporting structures are Pharyngobasilar and Buccopharyngeal Fasciae

*Important because this is one less layer separating the outside world from the retropharyngeal space

42
Q

A guy is chewing on a pencil and accidentally pokes it into the back of his throat until it hit a vertebra. What layers were punctured?

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Pharyngobasilar Fascia
  3. Longitudinal mm. (maybe - lateral enough)
  4. SUPERIOR constrictor
  5. Buccopharyngeal Fascia
  6. Retropharyngeal Space
  7. Prevertebral Fascia
43
Q

What goes through the gap located at the superior part of the superior constrictor muscle near the base of the skull?

A
  1. Cartilaginous Portion of the auditory tubue
  2. Levator Veli Palatini
  3. Ascending Palatine artery (=> Facial a. => External Carotid)
  4. Ascending Phanyngeal (=> External Carotid)

**This upper part of the muscle doesn’t contract

44
Q

What goes through the gap between the superior and middle constrictor muscles?

A
  1. STYLOPHARYNGEUS MUSCLE
  2. Glosspharyngeal N. (IX)
  3. Lingual Artery (=> External Carotid)
45
Q

Where does the pharyngobasilar fascia thin out?

A
  • Below the hyoid bone
46
Q

What Fills the gap between the middle and inferior constrictor?

A
  1. Thryohyoid membrane (Fills gap)

2. Superior Laryngeal n. and a. (MUST pass through APERATURE in Thryohyoid membrane to get in)

47
Q

What goes through the gap between the inferior constrictor and esophagus?

A
  1. Recurrent Larygeal n. (changes name to inferior laryngeal n. after passing through)
  2. Laygeal Branch of Inferior Thyroid (=> Subclavian)

***THIS AREA IS COVERED WITH BUCCOPHARYNGEAL FASCIA

48
Q

What types of fibers make up the pharyngeal plexus (GSA, GVA, GSE, GVE, SA, BE) ?

A
  • GSA

- BE

49
Q

What nerves make up the Pharyngeal Plexus?

A 
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
CN X (Vagus n.)
50
Q

What region is supplied mostly from the glossopharyngeal portion of the pharyngeal plexus?
- Contribution of fiber type (GSA, GVA, GSE, GVE, SA, BE)?

A
  • Nasopharynx (GSA)
  • Oropharynx (GSA)
  • Stylopharyngeous (BE)
51
Q

What region is supplied mostly from the vagus portion of the pharyngeal plexus?

  • Contribution of fiber type (GSA, GVA, GSE, GVE, SA, BE)?
A
  • Pharyngeal Constrictors (GSA)
  • Salphingopharyngeous (GSA)
  • Palatopharyngeous (GSA)
  • Laryngopharynx (BE)
52
Q

T or F: parasympathetic branches that are supplied to mucosal lining and mucous glands of the pharnyx via. CN X are part of the pharyngeal Plexus

A

FALSE, These GVE fibers supply the INTERIOR surface so is not part of the pharyngeal plexus

53
Q

What sympathetic ganglion sends out fibers to blood vessels of the pharynx?

A
  • Superior Cervical Ganglion.
54
Q 
What contributor(s) of the pharyngeal plexus can be found on the posterior surface of the stylopharyngeus muscle?
- where does it go after this?
A
  • Glossopharyngeal (IX)

- Wraps around lateral border of stylopharyngeus to enter posterior aspect of the tongue (posterior 1/3)

55
Q

What CNs sent GSA fibers to the upper nasopharynx?

A
  • Trigeminal (V)

- Glossopharyngeal (IX)

56
Q

What are the 5 sources of blood for the pharyngeal tissues

A
  1. Ascending Pharyngeal a. (=> External Carotid)
  2. Ascending Palatine a. and Tonsilar (=> Facial a. => External Carotid)
  3. Descending Palatine and Pharyngeal branches (=> Maxillary a. => External Carotid)
  4. Unnamed Branches of lingual a.
  5. Muscular Branches of Inferior Thryroid a. (=> Thryocervical trunk => Subclavian)
57
Q

Where are the two venous plexuses of the pharynx located?

A
  1. External Surface

2. Between Pharyngeal Musculature and Pharyngobasilar Fascia

58
Q

Where do the venous plexuses of the pharynx drain?

A
  1. Pterygoid Plexus
  2. Pharyngeal Plexus
  3. Internal Jugular (via. facial and thyroid veins)
59
Q

Where are Retropharyngeal Lymph Nodes Located and where do they drain?

A
  • Between Pharynx and Vertebral Column

- Drain to Chain of Deep Cervical Nodes

60
Q

What node(s) does the nasopharynx drain to?

A
  • Jugulodigastric Node
61
Q

What Drains Fluid from the Deep Cervical Nodes into the thoracic duct?

A

Deep Cervical Nodes

62
Q

What is the lateral pharyngeal space?

A
  • Space around the carotid sheath on either side of the retropharyngeal space
63
Q

Where do infections from gums, teeth, tongue, and pharynx often go before getting to the retropharyngeal space?

A
  • Lateral Pharyngeal Space

**Note: this is continuous with the retropharyngeal space

64
Q

Describe the flow of infection in Ludwig’s Angina?

A
  1. Submandibular space infected
  2. Lateral Pharyngeal Space Infected
  3. Retropharyngeal Space infected
65
Q

What would result if Ludwig’s Angina were not treated?

A
  • Retropahryngeal infection could spread to thorax and/or cause respiratory obstruction (pressing on trachea from behind)
66
Q

What is the Oral Phase of Swallowing?

A

Mastication and Bolus Formation

67
Q

What is the Propulsive Phase of Swallowing?

A

Closure of nasopharynx and propulsion of bolus into pharynx by the tongue

68
Q

What is the pharyngeal Phase of Swallowing?

A
  1. Pharynx pulled foward, widened and shortened by SUPRAHYOID and LONGITUDINAL LARYNGEAL mm. (access to larynx closed)
  2. Progressive wave of pharyngeal mm. contraction move bolus THROUGH PYRIFORM reccesses past upper esophageal sphincter into esophagus
  3. Upper eso. spincter relaxes for bolus to pass into proximal eso. and then closes to prevent stuff coming back up
69
Q

What is the esophageal phase of swallowing?

A
  1. Upper eso. sphincter relaxes and bolus moves into the esophagus and propelled through lower esophageal sphincter
70
Q

Where are the sensory receptors that detect the size of the bolus?
- Nerves in these places?

A
  1. Base of Tongue
  2. Facial Pillars
  3. Pharyngeal Wall

Afferent axons of IX (glossopharyngeal) and X (vagus)

71
Q

What happens after sensory information is received in the pharygeal phase of swallowing reflex?

A
  • Efferent Motor neurons act to get bolus from pharynx through the esophagus
72
Q

What stimulates gag reflex (afferent, sensory)?

A
  • Sensory receptors in:
    1. Base of Tongue
    2. Facial Pillars
    3. Pharyngeal Wall

Detect an improperly prepared, sized, or desired bolus of food

73
Q

What is the motor component of the gag reflex?

A
  1. Elevation of Soft Palate

2. Bilateral Constriction of Pharyngeal Constrictors

74
Q

What is Zenker’s Diverticulum?

- Structures involved

A
  • Outpouching of Mucosa
  • WEAKNESS BTWN*
    1. Cricopharyngeus
    2. Lower Inferior Constrictor
75
Q

Describe the typical patient with Zenkers Diverticulum (pharyngeal Pouches)

A
  • 2/3 male
  • 70s - 80s
  • Have GERD or hiatal Hernias

Anatomy Week 14 BT (6 decks)

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