Pharyngitis, Parotitis, Epiglottitis, and Croup Flashcards
What are the main viral (80%) and bacterial (20%) causes of pharyngitis (sore throat)?
- Adenovirus
- Parainfluenza virus
- EBV
- Steptococcus pyogenes
- Corynebacterium diptheriae
What are the clinical features of viral pharyngitis?
- No fever
- Cough
- Conjunctivitis
- Hoarsness
- Mouth ulcers
What are the clinical features of bacterial pharyngitis?
- Fever
- Headache
- Tonsil inflammation
- Tonsular exudate
What are the culture identifications for Steptococcus pyogenes?
- Gram positive
- Non motile
- Beta hemolytic
- Catalase negative
- Bacitracin sensitive
- Rapid Antigen Detection Test (RADT)
What is the main virulence factor that you need to know for Steptoccocus pyogenes?
M-protein - an outer membrane protein that interfers with opsonization
What are some important clinical manifestations and complications of Streptococcus pyogenes?
- Pharyngitis (duh…)
- Scarlet fever (rash on palms and soles; strawberry tongue)
- Impetigo (crusted lesions)
- Rheumatic fever
- Glomerulonephritis
What are the culture identifications for Corynbacterium diphtheriae?
- Gram positive
- pleomorphic
- non motile
- rods
- Black colonies on Foffler’s agar
What was probably the cause if a child has sore throat with pink eye?
Adenovirus
What symphtoms and signs will you see with EBV?
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Downy cells
- Cervical lymphadenopathy
- Sore throat, fever, rash
Who is normally affected by acute epiglottitis, what are the key diagnostic clues, and how is it treated?
- Ages 2-4
- [Dysphagia, Drooling, Distress]
- 3rd gen. cephalosporin (ceftriaxone)
What family, genus, and species of virus causes parotitis?
- Paramyxovirus
- Rubulavirus
- Mumps virus
What is croup and what is the main cause?
- Inflammation of the subglottic area
- Barking cough
- Parainfluenza virus 1 and 2
