Colds, Otitis Media, and Sinusitis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of the cold?

A
  1. Rhinovirus (50% of the time) [non-enveloped]
  2. Coronavirus (20% of the time) [enveloped]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is one of the most common complications of colds in infants and children?

A

Acute otitis media (age 6-36 months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why do children get otitis media when they get a cold?

A

They’re eustachian tubes are shorter and more horizontal so fluid accumulation leads to bacterial infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 most common causes of acute otitis media?

A
  1. Pnuemococcus pneumoniae
  2. Haemophilus influenzae
  3. Moraxella catarrhalis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most important diagnostic clue for acute otitis media?

A

There must be fluid on the ear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the treatment for acute otitis media?

A
  1. Wait and see (for 6-36 months old)
  2. Amoxicillin
  3. Augmentin (Amoxicillin + clavulanate) or ceftriaxone
  4. Topical analgesic spray/drops
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the gold standard for sinusitis diagnosis and how is it treated?

A
  1. Sinus aspiration is gold standard
  2. Amoxicillin or Amoxicillin-clavulanate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some general properties of Streptoccus pneumoniae and how is it treated?

A
  1. Gram positive
  2. diplococci
  3. optocin sensitive
  4. alpha hemolytic
  5. positive bile solubility test
  6. encapsulated
  7. penicillin, ampicillin, tetracyclin, doxycyclin
  8. Levofloxacin for resistant strains
  9. All people at risk (children, elderly, immunocompromised) should get pneumovax
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the general characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae?

A
  1. Gram negative
  2. pleomorphic coccobacilli
  3. Non-motile
  4. Grows on blood agar (needs V and X factor)
  5. Polysaccharide capsule (6 different serotypes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of Haemophilus influenzae is the one that causes otitis media and sinusitus?

A

Non-typable H. influenzae

(but… H. influenzae type B causes the most serious infections)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rhinovirus is a genus in what family of viruses?

A

Picornavirdae (+ssRNA nonenveloped)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What season is rhinovirus most common and what are its most common symptoms?

A
  1. Summer
  2. Runny nose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can you tell if someone is more likely to have Rhinovirus or Coxsackievirus?

A
  1. Rhinovirus stays in the nose
  2. Rhinovirus can’t tolerate acid (so no GI symptoms)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the treatment for Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Coxsackievirus is a subgroup of what genus and what family?

A
  1. Genus - Enterovirus
  2. Family - Picornaviridae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is Cocksackievirus transmitted?

A

fecal oral… so wash your hands!