Influenza and Pertussis Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 different types of influenza?
A
- Influenza A - infects humans, birds, swine
- Influenza B - infects only humans
- Influenza C - rare
2
Q
How does influenza get inside your cells?
A
- Hemagglutinin for attachment
- Neruaminidase for cell entry
For example, H1N1 has subtypes hemagglutinin 1 for attachment and neruaminidase 1 for cell entry.
3
Q
What is antigenic drift?
A
- Point mutations/gradual change
- Causes EPIDEMICS
- Seen in all 3 types
- Annual vaccination
4
Q
What is antigenic shift?
A
- Reassortment
- New surface protein
- Causes PANDEMICS
- Only seen with type A influenza
5
Q
What are the key clinical characteristics of influenza?
A
- Sudden rapid onset
- Fever, chills, aches, cough, runny nose
- Complications: bronchitis, pneumonia
6
Q
What do Zanamivir and Oseltamivir do to help you get over the flu faster?
A
They are neuroaminsase inhibitors… so they inhibit the virus from getting inside of the cell.
7
Q
What’s inside an influenza vaccine? Descrive the 2 different formulations.
A
- 2 type A circulating strands, and 1 type B circulating strand
- Inactive formulation - intramuscular injection (age 6 and older)
- Live, attenuated formula - spray for ages 2-4
8
Q
Describe how to identify Bordetella pertussis.
A
- Gram negative
- Coccobacillus
- Non-motile
- Grows on Regan-Lowe or Bordet-Gengou agar
9
Q
What are the key pathogenic and virulence factors for Bordetella pertussis?
A
- Capsule
- Induces host to produce IL-1
- Exotoxin - increases histamine, inhibits phagocytosis and chemotaxis… by increasing cAMP
10
Q
What are the stages of pertussis?
A
- Incubation: (7-10 days) no symptoms
- Catarrhal: (1-2 more weeks) general cold symptoms and highest bacterial culture
- Paroxysmal: (2-4 more weeks) WHOOPING COUGH
- Convalescent: (3-4 more weeks) can develop pneumonia
11
Q
What is used for the management of pertussis?
A
- DTaP - for pediatrics
- TDaP (killed) - for adults
- Erythromycin - for active infection
