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Oral Biology > Pharyngeal Arches > Flashcards

Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

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1
Q

How many pharyngeal arches are there?

A

1-6, however 5th does not form. So a total of 5

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2
Q

How many pharyngeal grooves are there?

A

4 pairs

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3
Q

How many pharyngeal pouches are there?

A

4 or 5 pairs

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4
Q

Which germ layers to the arches contain?

A

All three:
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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5
Q

What is the primitive mouth that forms between the two regions of the 1st arch, called?

A

Stomodeum

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6
Q

What membrane separates the gut tube from the outside until week 4?

A
  • Oropharyngeal membrane

- later delineated by glossopalatine arch

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7
Q

What are the 4 components found in each pharyngeal arch?

A

1-Aortic arch
2-Cartilaginous rod
3-Muscular component
4-Nerve

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8
Q

What do the aortic arches in arches 1 and 2 become?

A

Largely disappear but some become:

  • maxillary,
  • external carotid (1)
  • stapedial (2)
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9
Q

What do the aortic arches in arches 3,4, and 6 become?

A

Remodel to form

  • common and internal carotid (3)
  • aortic and subclavian (4)
  • pulmonary (6)
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10
Q

Which arch gives rise to facial bones?

A

Arch 1

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11
Q

Muscles of mastication come from which arch?

A

Arch 1

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12
Q

Muscles of facial expression come from which arch?

A

Arch 2

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13
Q

Stylopharyngeus muscle comes from which arch?

A

Arch 3

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14
Q

Pharyngeal constrictor muscles come from which arch?

A

Arch 4

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15
Q

Laryngeal muscles come from which arch?

A

Arch 6

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16
Q

Which nerve runs through arch 1?

A

Cranial nerve V trigeminal (branches into 3, going to pharyngeal prominence, maxillary and mandibular prominences)

17
Q

What nerve runs through arch 2?

A

Cranial nerve VII facial nerve

18
Q

What nerve runs through arch 3?

A

Cranial nerve IX Glossopharyngeal

19
Q

Which nerve runs through arches 4 and 6

A

Cranial nerve X vagus (superior laryngeal to 4th, recurrent laryngeal to 6th)

20
Q

Which muscles come from arch 1?

A
  • All muscles of mastication
  • temporallis
  • masseter
  • medial and lateral pterygoids
  • mylohyoid
  • tensor palatine
  • tensor tympani
21
Q

Which muscles come from arch 2?

A
  • all facial expression muscles
  • Posterior belly of digastric
  • stylohyoid
  • stapedius
22
Q

Which muscles come from arch 4?

A
  • Cricothyroid
  • levator palatine
  • constrictors of pharynx
23
Q

What skeletal elements come from arch 1?

A 
Merkels cartilage
Maxilla
Mandible
Malleus
Incus
24
Q

What skeletal elements come from arch 2?

A

Stapes
Styloid process
Lesser horn and upper portion of body of hyoid bone

25
Q

What skeletal elements come from arch 3?

A

Greater horn and lower portion of body of hyoid bone

26
Q

Pharyngeal clefts are found where?

A

Exterior between arches

27
Q

Where are pouches found?

A

Internally between arches

28
Q

Which is the only cleft that is not obliterated?

A

Cleft 1

29
Q

What does cleft 1 become?

A

External auditory meatus

30
Q

What does the first pharyngeal pouch become?

A

Distally -Tympanic membrane

proximally -auditory tube

31
Q

What does the secondary pharyngeal pouch become?

A

Lining of the crypts of the palatine tonsil

32
Q

What does the third pharyngeal pouch give rise to?

A

Dorsal wing- Inferior Parathyroid

Ventral wing-thymus

33
Q

What does the fourth pharyngeal pouch give rise to?

A

Dorsal wing-superior parathyroid

Ventral wing-ultimobranchial body

34
Q

What are the two pharyngeal membranes and which one breaks down?

A
  • oropharyngeal(breaks down at week 4)

- tympanic membrane

35
Q

Pharyngeal arches may also be referred to as?

A

Branchial arches

Oral Biology (6 decks)

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