Face And Palate Development

Question 1

Which genes are responsible for proximal-distal development?

Answer 1

Dlx genes

Question 2

Which arch forms the anterior 2/3 of tongue epithelium?

Answer 2

Arch 1

Question 3

Which arch forms the posterior 1/3 of tongue epithelium?

Answer 3

Arch 3

Question 4

Which arch gets covered up as the posterior 1/3 of the tongue forms?

Answer 4

Arch 2

Question 5

Which arch forms the bit of tongue at the back of the throat?

Answer 5

Arch 4

Question 6

What gives rise to the tongue muscles?

Answer 6

Occipital somites (except palatoglossus muscle)

Question 7

Which nerve innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue for sensory?

Answer 7

CN V-trigeminal

Question 8

Which nerve innervates the sensory and taste of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 8

CN IX-Glossopharyngeal

Question 9

Which nerve innervates the sensory in a small portion of the throat?

Answer 9

CN X-vagus

Question 10

Which nerve innervates the taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 10

CN VII-facial

Question 11

Which nerve innervates the tongue muscles?

Answer 11

CN XII- hypoglossal (not associated with pharyngeal arches)

Question 12

What is the dividing line between the oral tongue and pharyngeal tongue called?

Answer 12

Terminal sulcus

Question 13

What is the site of thyroid primordium at the midline called?

Answer 13

Foramen cecum

Question 14

What pouch is the thyroid gland developed from?

Answer 14

Endodermal diverticulum (this is NOT a pharyngeal pouch)

Question 15

As the thyroid migrates and he diverticulum elongates, what is formed?

Answer 15

Thyroglossal duct (is obliterated later). It connects to the tongue at the foramen cecum

Question 16

Thyroid gland that is left behind in migration form masses called?

Answer 16

Thyroglossal cysts

Question 17

What oral Ectodermal structure in the roof of the stomodeum starts ascending to form the pituitary gland?

Answer 17

Rathkies pouch

Question 18

The oral epithelium and diencephelon move into contact to form what two layers of the pituitary?

Answer 18

1-Neurohypophysis-from developing brain

2-adenohypophysis-from roof of stomodeum

Question 19

What are cysts?

Answer 19

Sealed cavity filled with air,puss, fluid

Question 20

What is a sinus?

Answer 20

Cavity within a tissue that opens externally

Question 21

What is a fistula?

Answer 21

Abnormal connection between 2 structures

Question 22

What pharyngeal groove remnant results from a unilateral defect in arch 1 or 2?

Answer 22

Preauricular cysts and sinus (found in a triangular area anterior to ear)

Question 23

Failure of the second groove/cervical sinus to be obliterated results in?

Answer 23

Lateral cervical branchial cyst (has external fistula opening to exterior)

Question 24

A branchial cyst who’s fistula opens into the intratonsillar cleft is called what?

Answer 24

Internal branchial cyst

Question 25

What two pharyngeal abnormalities can result from thymus migration?

Answer 25

Cervical thymus-persistent cord

Accessory thymus-piece of thymus remaining in path of descent

Question 26

What two conditions result from failure of the neural crest cells to properly migrate into the 1st arch?

Answer 26

1-Treacher Collins syndrome (characterized by hypoplasia or arch derived bones)
2-Pierre robin syndrome (characterized by hypoplasia of mandible, cleft palate, defects of eye and ear)

Question 27

Failure of 3rd and 4th pouches to different into thymus and parathyroid results in what? (deletion of part of 22nd chromosome)

Answer 27

Digeorge syndrome (Cardiac abnormalities, Abnormal facies, Thymic aplasia, Cleft palate, Hypocalcemia/Hypoparathyroidism)

*Remember CATCH for deficits

Question 28

What are the 4 heart problems present in digeorge syndrome?

Answer 28

1-thick right ventricle
2-hole in ventricular septum
3-stonotic pulmonary valve
4-aorta is shifted medially

Question 29

A cyst on the posterior midline of an 8 year old’s tongue is likely what?

Answer 29

Thyroglossal duct

-or persistent Thyroglossal duct if it extends down the throat

Question 30

Which genes are responsible for anterior-posterior development?

Answer 30

Hox genes