Pharmocology Cardiac Exam #1 Flashcards by Bonnie Longnecker

ACE Inhibitors captopril (Capoten) Side Effects:

Severe hypotension, Dry productive cough (Rx may be discontinued), Angioedema (tx with epi), Rash and metallic taste in mouth.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ACE Inhibitors captopril (Capoten) Contraindications:

Preg(D), Angioedema, hypotension, liver disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ACE Inhibitors captopril (Capoten) Interactions:

Potassium sparing diuretics, NSAIDS (decrease effectiveness), may in crease lithium toxicity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ARB’s (Angiotension II Receptor Blockers) losartan (Cozaar) Side Effects:

Angioedema, HA, insomnia, Severe Hypotension (expand volume with IV therapy)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ARB’s (Angiotension II Receptor Blockers) losartan (Cozaar) Contraindications:

Preg(D)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ARB’s (Angiotension II Receptor Blockers) losartan (Cozaar) Interactions:

other hypertensive Rx

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aldosterone Antagonists eplerenone (Inspra) and sprironolactone (Aldactone) Side Effects:

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aldosterone Antagonists eplerenone (Inspra) and sprironolactone (Aldactone) Contraindications:

Serum potassium above 5.0mEq/L

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aldosterone Antagonists eplerenone (Inspra) and sprironolactone (Aldactone) Interactions:

Drugs that increase potassium, may cause Lithium toxicity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Direct Renin Inhibitors aliskiren (Tekturna) Side Effects:

Hyperkalemia, Cough or Angioedema, Diarrhea or abdominal pain (high doses)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Direct Renin Inhibitors aliskiren (Tekturna) Contraindications

Preg(D)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Calcium Channel Blockers nifedipine(Adalat, Procardia) Side Effects:

Reflex tachycardia (rx beta blocker), Lightheadedness, dizziness, facial flushing, peripheral edema of feet and legs, Hypotension, Gingival hyperplasia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Calcium Channel Blockers nifedipine(Adalat, Procardia) Contraindications:

Hx of acute MI, unstable angina, aortic stenosis, GI obstruction, children

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Calcium Channel Blockers nifedipine(Adalat, Procardia) Interactions:

Beta blockers Increase risk for HF

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Alpha1 Adrenergic Blockers doxazosin(Cadura) Side Effects:

Ortho Hypo, Reflex tachycardia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Alpha1 Adrenergic Blockers doxazosin(Cadura) Contraindications:

Hypotension, hx of syncope, children

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Alpha1 Adrenergic Blockers doxazosin(Cadura) Interactions:

sildenafil(Viagra) increases hypotension

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Beta Adrenergic Blockers atenolol(Tenorimin) and metoprolol(Lopressor) Side effects:

Bradycardia, HF, Rebound excitation-angina or MI with sudden withdrawal (taper 1-2weeks)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Beta Adrenergic Blockers atenolol(Tenorimin) and metoprolol(Lopressor) Interactions:

Beta blockers with OA’s increase risk for hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Beta Adrenergic Blockers atenolol(Tenorimin) and metoprolol(Lopressor) Contraindications:

Sinus bradycardia, moderate to severe HF, PVD, children under 6

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Adrenergic Neuron Blockers reserpine(Serpalan) Side Effects:

Severe depression, Bradycardia, Ortho Hypo, GI problems

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Adrenergic Neuron Blockers reserpine(Serpalan) Contraindications:

Preg(D), pt with depression, MAOI’s, ulcers/ulcerative colitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Adrenergic Neuron Blockers reserpine(Serpalan) Interactions:

MAOI’s, antihypertensive drugs increase risk for hypotension

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists clonidine(catapres) Side Effects:

CNS effects: Drowsiness, dizziness; dry mouth; Rebound hypertensive crisis may result if discontinued abruptly (taper dose)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists clonidine(catapres) Interactions:

CNS depressants, TCA's

Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists clonidine(catapres) Contraindications:

Anticoagulant therapy

Alpha/Beta Blockers carvedilol(Coreg) Side Effects:

Dizziness, Hypotension, Bradycardia (report HR less than 60)

Alpha/Beta Blockers carvedilol(Coreg) Contraindications:

Unstable HF, Severe bradycardia, asthma or chronic resp. disorder

Alpha/Beta Blockers carvedilol(Coreg) Interactions:

Increased risk for hypoglycemia with insulin or OA's, MAOI's, antihypertensive drugs Increase risk for hypotension

Direct Acting Vasodialators hydralazine(Apresoline) Side Effects:

HA and palpitations; tachycardia (beta blocker can decrease); Systemic Lupus; Fluid retention, edema; abrupt withdrawal may cause hypertensive crisis and HF (Taper slowly)

Direct Acting Vasodialators hydralazine(Apresoline) Contraindications:

MI, Tachycardia

Direct Acting Vasodialators hydralazine(Apresoline) Interactions:

MAOI's, other antihypertensives

Thiazide Diuretics hydrochlorothiazide(HydroDIURIL) Side Effects:

Fluid and Electrolyte imbalances, Hyperglycemia, Increased uric acid levels

Thiazide Diuretics hydrochlorothiazide(HydroDIURIL) Contraindications:

Greatly Decreased urine output, electrolyte imbalance

Thiazide Diuretics hydrochlorothiazide(HydroDIURIL) interactions:

lithium toxicity

Loop Diuretics furosemide (Lasix) Side Effects:

Fluid and electrolyte imbalances, Hypotension, Ototoxicity, Hyperglycemia, Increased uric acid

Loop Diuretics furosemide (Lasix) Contraindications:

Electrolyte imbalance or dehydration, Increased oliguria

Loop Diuretics furosemide (Lasix) Interactions:

Digoxin toxicity is increased with hypokalemia, NSAIDs decrease effects, Lithium toxicity may occur, Ototoxic drugs

Potassium-sparing diuretics spironolactone(Aldactone) Side Effects:

Hyperkalemia; Menstrual irregularities, abnormal hair growth, deepening of voice (in women); Gynecomastia (in men)

Potassium-sparing diuretics spironolactone(Aldactone) Contraindications:

Preg(D), Renal Failure, Hyperkalemia

Potassium-sparing diuretics spironolactone(Aldactone) Interactions:

ACE inhibitors, ARB's, Direct renin blockers, potassium supplements, and salt subs

Cardiac Glycosides digoxinILanosin) Side Effects:

GI problems, CNS sx: HA, Visual disturbances, yellow vision, blurred vision (may be signs of early toxicity), Cardiac dysrhythmias (withold if less than 60/min) for severe toxicity: IV digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)

Cardiac Glycosides digoxinILanosin) Contraindications:

Ventricular fibrillation or tachy, digoxin toxicity

Cardiac Glycosides digoxinILanosin) interactions:

Other antidysrhythmics, diuretics

sympathomimetics dobutamine(Dobutrex) Side Effects:

Tachycardia, Cardiac dysrhythmias, possible angina pain

sympathomimetics dobutamine(Dobutrex) Contraindications:

V-Tach, dehydration, children under 2

sympathomimetics dobutamine(Dobutrex) Administrations:

IV only

sympathomimetics dobutamine(Dobutrex) Interactions:

MAOI's, TCA's, General anesthetics, Beta blockers

Phospodiesterase Inhibitors milrinone(Primacor) Side Effects:

Hypokalemia, Cardiac dysrthythmias, Hypotension, Anginal chest pain

Phospodiesterase Inhibitors milrinone(Primacor) Admin:

IV Only

Phospodiesterase Inhibitors milrinone(Primacor) Contraindications:

Aortic or pulmonary valve disorder, acute MI

HMG-CoA Inhibitors (Statins) simvastatin(Zocor) Side Effects:

Myopathy can progress to rhabdomyolysis, liver toxicity

HMG-CoA Inhibitors (Statins) simvastatin(Zocor) Contraindications:

Preg(X), Current liver disease, renal failure, Rhabdomyolysis, MS, children under 10

HMG-CoA Inhibitors (Statins) simvastatin(Zocor) INteractions:

other drugs that lower cholesterol, drugs that inhibit CYP3A4, Grapefruit juice, warfarin

Fibrates gemfibrozil(Lopid) Side Effects:

GI problems NVD, Gallstones, Myopathy (measure CPK), Liver toxicity

Fibrates gemfibrozil(Lopid) Contraindications:

Gall bladder disease, LIver dysfunction, renal impairment

Fibrates gemfibrozil(Lopid) Interactions

Statin antilipemics greatly increase risk for myopathy, Warfarin, statins increase risk for hypoglycemia

Nitrates nitroglycerin(Nitrostat) Side effects:

HA, Ortho Hypo, Tachy, Tolerance

Nitrates nitroglycerin(Nitrostat) Contraindications:

Hypotension, Hypovolemia, hyperthyroidism, liver disease

Nitrates nitroglycerin(Nitrostat) Interactions:

Increased hypotension with antihypertensives, betablockers and calcium blockers decrease tachy (desired effect)

Class IA Sodium Channel Blockers quinidine, procainamide side effects:

Hypotension, ventricular dysrhythmias, arterial embolism, speed shock with too rapid IV, Quinidine: cinchonism, Procainamide: SLE, Agranulocytosis (only used short term)

Class IA Sodium Channel Blockers quinidine, procainamide Contraindications:

Impaired liver function, HF, renal impairment

Class IA Sodium Channel Blockers quinidine, procainamide Interactions:

Anticholinergics, antihypertensives, grapefruit juice, warfarin

Class IB Sodium Channel Blockers lidocaine(Xylocaine) Side Effects:

CNS effects (toxicity)

Class IB Sodium Channel Blockers lidocaine(Xylocaine) Contraindications:

Supraventricular dysrhythmias, untreated bradycardia

Class IB Sodium Channel Blockers lidocaine(Xylocaine) INteractions:

Beta blockers, Phenytoin

Class IC Sodium Channel Blockers flecainide(Tambocor) Side effects:

Visual effects (blurred, difficult focusing), Worsen HF, edema, Widens QRS, prolongs QT and PR intervals

Class IC Sodium Channel Blockers flecainide(Tambocor) Contraindications:

Recent MI, Electrolyte Imbalance

Class IC Sodium Channel Blockers flecainide(Tambocor) Interactions:

Increases digoxin levels

Class II/ Beta Adrenergic Blockers propranolol(Inderal) Side Effects:

Bradycardia, Rebound excitation (angina pain or MI with sudden withdrawal; do not stop abruptly), CNS effects: Confusion, fatigue, drowsiness, hypoglycemia, Bronchospasms

Class II/ Beta Adrenergic Blockers propranolol(Inderal) Contraindications:

Pulmonary edema, PVD, asthma, severe COPD

Class II/ Beta Adrenergic Blockers propranolol(Inderal) Interactions:

Other antihypertensives, antacids, digoxin, OA may increase Hypoglycemia

Class III/ Potassium Channel Blockers amiodarone(Cordarone) Side Effects:

Pulmonary toxicity with pneumonitis, visual effects(optic neuropathy with possible blindness), cardiac effects (hypotension and bradycardia), Blue grey discoloration of the skin, HF, CNS effects (dizziness, tremor, hallucination)

Class III/ Potassium Channel Blockers amiodarone(Cordarone) Contraindications:

Preg(D), shock, bradycardia, severe hepatic disease

Class III/ Potassium Channel Blockers amiodarone(Cordarone) Interactions:

grapefruit juice

Class IV Calcium Channel Blockers verapamil(Calan) Side Effects:

Hypotension, Bradycardia, HF, peripheral edema, lightheadness, dizziness

Class IV Calcium Channel Blockers verapamil(Calan) Contraindications:

Severe hypotension, CHF

Class IV Calcium Channel Blockers verapamil(Calan) INteractions:

Beta Blockers increase bradycardia and HF, Increased lithium levels, grapefruit juice

Pharmocology Cardiac Exam #1 Flashcards

Side Effects, Contraindications, and Interactions (78 cards)