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ADH Exam 1 > Pharmocology Cardiac Exam #1 > Flashcards

Pharmocology Cardiac Exam #1 Flashcards

Side Effects, Contraindications, and Interactions

1
Q

ACE Inhibitors captopril (Capoten) Side Effects:

A

Severe hypotension, Dry productive cough (Rx may be discontinued), Angioedema (tx with epi), Rash and metallic taste in mouth.

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2
Q

ACE Inhibitors captopril (Capoten) Contraindications:

A

Preg(D), Angioedema, hypotension, liver disease

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3
Q

ACE Inhibitors captopril (Capoten) Interactions:

A

Potassium sparing diuretics, NSAIDS (decrease effectiveness), may in crease lithium toxicity

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4
Q

ARB’s (Angiotension II Receptor Blockers) losartan (Cozaar) Side Effects:

A

Angioedema, HA, insomnia, Severe Hypotension (expand volume with IV therapy)

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5
Q

ARB’s (Angiotension II Receptor Blockers) losartan (Cozaar) Contraindications:

A

Preg(D)

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6
Q

ARB’s (Angiotension II Receptor Blockers) losartan (Cozaar) Interactions:

A

other hypertensive Rx

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7
Q

Aldosterone Antagonists eplerenone (Inspra) and sprironolactone (Aldactone) Side Effects:

A

Hyperkalemia

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8
Q

Aldosterone Antagonists eplerenone (Inspra) and sprironolactone (Aldactone) Contraindications:

A

Serum potassium above 5.0mEq/L

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9
Q

Aldosterone Antagonists eplerenone (Inspra) and sprironolactone (Aldactone) Interactions:

A

Drugs that increase potassium, may cause Lithium toxicity

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10
Q

Direct Renin Inhibitors aliskiren (Tekturna) Side Effects:

A

Hyperkalemia, Cough or Angioedema, Diarrhea or abdominal pain (high doses)

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11
Q

Direct Renin Inhibitors aliskiren (Tekturna) Contraindications

A

Preg(D)

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12
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers nifedipine(Adalat, Procardia) Side Effects:

A

Reflex tachycardia (rx beta blocker), Lightheadedness, dizziness, facial flushing, peripheral edema of feet and legs, Hypotension, Gingival hyperplasia

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13
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers nifedipine(Adalat, Procardia) Contraindications:

A

Hx of acute MI, unstable angina, aortic stenosis, GI obstruction, children

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14
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers nifedipine(Adalat, Procardia) Interactions:

A

Beta blockers Increase risk for HF

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15
Q

Alpha1 Adrenergic Blockers doxazosin(Cadura) Side Effects:

A

Ortho Hypo, Reflex tachycardia

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16
Q

Alpha1 Adrenergic Blockers doxazosin(Cadura) Contraindications:

A

Hypotension, hx of syncope, children

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17
Q

Alpha1 Adrenergic Blockers doxazosin(Cadura) Interactions:

A

sildenafil(Viagra) increases hypotension

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18
Q

Beta Adrenergic Blockers atenolol(Tenorimin) and metoprolol(Lopressor) Side effects:

A

Bradycardia, HF, Rebound excitation-angina or MI with sudden withdrawal (taper 1-2weeks)

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19
Q

Beta Adrenergic Blockers atenolol(Tenorimin) and metoprolol(Lopressor) Interactions:

A

Beta blockers with OA’s increase risk for hypoglycemia

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20
Q

Beta Adrenergic Blockers atenolol(Tenorimin) and metoprolol(Lopressor) Contraindications:

A

Sinus bradycardia, moderate to severe HF, PVD, children under 6

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21
Q

Adrenergic Neuron Blockers reserpine(Serpalan) Side Effects:

A

Severe depression, Bradycardia, Ortho Hypo, GI problems

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22
Q

Adrenergic Neuron Blockers reserpine(Serpalan) Contraindications:

A

Preg(D), pt with depression, MAOI’s, ulcers/ulcerative colitis

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23
Q

Adrenergic Neuron Blockers reserpine(Serpalan) Interactions:

A

MAOI’s, antihypertensive drugs increase risk for hypotension

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24
Q

Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists clonidine(catapres) Side Effects:

A

CNS effects: Drowsiness, dizziness; dry mouth; Rebound hypertensive crisis may result if discontinued abruptly (taper dose)

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25
Q

Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists clonidine(catapres) Interactions:

A

CNS depressants, TCA’s

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26
Q

Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists clonidine(catapres) Contraindications:

A

Anticoagulant therapy

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27
Q

Alpha/Beta Blockers carvedilol(Coreg) Side Effects:

A

Dizziness, Hypotension, Bradycardia (report HR less than 60)

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28
Q

Alpha/Beta Blockers carvedilol(Coreg) Contraindications:

A

Unstable HF, Severe bradycardia, asthma or chronic resp. disorder

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29
Q

Alpha/Beta Blockers carvedilol(Coreg) Interactions:

A

Increased risk for hypoglycemia with insulin or OA’s, MAOI’s, antihypertensive drugs Increase risk for hypotension

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30
Q

Direct Acting Vasodialators hydralazine(Apresoline) Side Effects:

A

HA and palpitations; tachycardia (beta blocker can decrease); Systemic Lupus; Fluid retention, edema; abrupt withdrawal may cause hypertensive crisis and HF (Taper slowly)

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31
Q

Direct Acting Vasodialators hydralazine(Apresoline) Contraindications:

A

MI, Tachycardia

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32
Q

Direct Acting Vasodialators hydralazine(Apresoline) Interactions:

A

MAOI’s, other antihypertensives

33
Q

Thiazide Diuretics hydrochlorothiazide(HydroDIURIL) Side Effects:

A

Fluid and Electrolyte imbalances, Hyperglycemia, Increased uric acid levels

34
Q

Thiazide Diuretics hydrochlorothiazide(HydroDIURIL) Contraindications:

A

Greatly Decreased urine output, electrolyte imbalance

35
Q

Thiazide Diuretics hydrochlorothiazide(HydroDIURIL) interactions:

A

lithium toxicity

36
Q

Loop Diuretics furosemide (Lasix) Side Effects:

A

Fluid and electrolyte imbalances, Hypotension, Ototoxicity, Hyperglycemia, Increased uric acid

37
Q

Loop Diuretics furosemide (Lasix) Contraindications:

A

Electrolyte imbalance or dehydration, Increased oliguria

38
Q

Loop Diuretics furosemide (Lasix) Interactions:

A

Digoxin toxicity is increased with hypokalemia, NSAIDs decrease effects, Lithium toxicity may occur, Ototoxic drugs

39
Q

Potassium-sparing diuretics spironolactone(Aldactone) Side Effects:

A

Hyperkalemia; Menstrual irregularities, abnormal hair growth, deepening of voice (in women); Gynecomastia (in men)

40
Q

Potassium-sparing diuretics spironolactone(Aldactone) Contraindications:

A

Preg(D), Renal Failure, Hyperkalemia

41
Q

Potassium-sparing diuretics spironolactone(Aldactone) Interactions:

A

ACE inhibitors, ARB’s, Direct renin blockers, potassium supplements, and salt subs

42
Q

Cardiac Glycosides digoxinILanosin) Side Effects:

A

GI problems, CNS sx: HA, Visual disturbances, yellow vision, blurred vision (may be signs of early toxicity), Cardiac dysrhythmias (withold if less than 60/min) for severe toxicity: IV digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)

43
Q

Cardiac Glycosides digoxinILanosin) Contraindications:

A

Ventricular fibrillation or tachy, digoxin toxicity

44
Q

Cardiac Glycosides digoxinILanosin) interactions:

A

Other antidysrhythmics, diuretics

45
Q

sympathomimetics dobutamine(Dobutrex) Side Effects:

A

Tachycardia, Cardiac dysrhythmias, possible angina pain

46
Q

sympathomimetics dobutamine(Dobutrex) Contraindications:

A

V-Tach, dehydration, children under 2

47
Q

sympathomimetics dobutamine(Dobutrex) Administrations:

A

IV only

48
Q

sympathomimetics dobutamine(Dobutrex) Interactions:

A

MAOI’s, TCA’s, General anesthetics, Beta blockers

49
Q

Phospodiesterase Inhibitors milrinone(Primacor) Side Effects:

A

Hypokalemia, Cardiac dysrthythmias, Hypotension, Anginal chest pain

50
Q

Phospodiesterase Inhibitors milrinone(Primacor) Admin:

A

IV Only

51
Q

Phospodiesterase Inhibitors milrinone(Primacor) Contraindications:

A

Aortic or pulmonary valve disorder, acute MI

52
Q

HMG-CoA Inhibitors (Statins) simvastatin(Zocor) Side Effects:

A

Myopathy can progress to rhabdomyolysis, liver toxicity

53
Q

HMG-CoA Inhibitors (Statins) simvastatin(Zocor) Contraindications:

A

Preg(X), Current liver disease, renal failure, Rhabdomyolysis, MS, children under 10

54
Q

HMG-CoA Inhibitors (Statins) simvastatin(Zocor) INteractions:

A

other drugs that lower cholesterol, drugs that inhibit CYP3A4, Grapefruit juice, warfarin

55
Q

Fibrates gemfibrozil(Lopid) Side Effects:

A

GI problems NVD, Gallstones, Myopathy (measure CPK), Liver toxicity

56
Q

Fibrates gemfibrozil(Lopid) Contraindications:

A

Gall bladder disease, LIver dysfunction, renal impairment

57
Q

Fibrates gemfibrozil(Lopid) Interactions

A

Statin antilipemics greatly increase risk for myopathy, Warfarin, statins increase risk for hypoglycemia

58
Q

Nitrates nitroglycerin(Nitrostat) Side effects:

A

HA, Ortho Hypo, Tachy, Tolerance

59
Q

Nitrates nitroglycerin(Nitrostat) Contraindications:

A

Hypotension, Hypovolemia, hyperthyroidism, liver disease

60
Q

Nitrates nitroglycerin(Nitrostat) Interactions:

A

Increased hypotension with antihypertensives, betablockers and calcium blockers decrease tachy (desired effect)

61
Q

Class IA Sodium Channel Blockers quinidine, procainamide side effects:

A

Hypotension, ventricular dysrhythmias, arterial embolism, speed shock with too rapid IV, Quinidine: cinchonism, Procainamide: SLE, Agranulocytosis (only used short term)

62
Q

Class IA Sodium Channel Blockers quinidine, procainamide Contraindications:

A

Impaired liver function, HF, renal impairment

63
Q

Class IA Sodium Channel Blockers quinidine, procainamide Interactions:

A

Anticholinergics, antihypertensives, grapefruit juice, warfarin

64
Q

Class IB Sodium Channel Blockers lidocaine(Xylocaine) Side Effects:

A

CNS effects (toxicity)

65
Q

Class IB Sodium Channel Blockers lidocaine(Xylocaine) Contraindications:

A

Supraventricular dysrhythmias, untreated bradycardia

66
Q

Class IB Sodium Channel Blockers lidocaine(Xylocaine) INteractions:

A

Beta blockers, Phenytoin

67
Q

Class IC Sodium Channel Blockers flecainide(Tambocor) Side effects:

A

Visual effects (blurred, difficult focusing), Worsen HF, edema, Widens QRS, prolongs QT and PR intervals

68
Q

Class IC Sodium Channel Blockers flecainide(Tambocor) Contraindications:

A

Recent MI, Electrolyte Imbalance

69
Q

Class IC Sodium Channel Blockers flecainide(Tambocor) Interactions:

A

Increases digoxin levels

70
Q

Class II/ Beta Adrenergic Blockers propranolol(Inderal) Side Effects:

A

Bradycardia, Rebound excitation (angina pain or MI with sudden withdrawal; do not stop abruptly), CNS effects: Confusion, fatigue, drowsiness, hypoglycemia, Bronchospasms

71
Q

Class II/ Beta Adrenergic Blockers propranolol(Inderal) Contraindications:

A

Pulmonary edema, PVD, asthma, severe COPD

72
Q

Class II/ Beta Adrenergic Blockers propranolol(Inderal) Interactions:

A

Other antihypertensives, antacids, digoxin, OA may increase Hypoglycemia

73
Q

Class III/ Potassium Channel Blockers amiodarone(Cordarone) Side Effects:

A

Pulmonary toxicity with pneumonitis, visual effects(optic neuropathy with possible blindness), cardiac effects (hypotension and bradycardia), Blue grey discoloration of the skin, HF, CNS effects (dizziness, tremor, hallucination)

74
Q

Class III/ Potassium Channel Blockers amiodarone(Cordarone) Contraindications:

A

Preg(D), shock, bradycardia, severe hepatic disease

75
Q

Class III/ Potassium Channel Blockers amiodarone(Cordarone) Interactions:

A

grapefruit juice

76
Q

Class IV Calcium Channel Blockers verapamil(Calan) Side Effects:

A

Hypotension, Bradycardia, HF, peripheral edema, lightheadness, dizziness

77
Q

Class IV Calcium Channel Blockers verapamil(Calan) Contraindications:

A

Severe hypotension, CHF

78
Q

Class IV Calcium Channel Blockers verapamil(Calan) INteractions:

A

Beta Blockers increase bradycardia and HF, Increased lithium levels, grapefruit juice

ADH Exam 1 (3 decks)

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