Diabetes

Question 1

Pre-Diabetes Impaired Fasting Plasma Glucose (IFPG)

Answer 1

or equal to 100 mg/dL on two occasions

Question 2

Pre-diabetes Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Answer 2

2hr plasma glucose level is 140-199mg/dL

Question 3

Two Prophylactic Medications for Diabetes:

Answer 3

ACE Inhibitors and Statins

Question 4

DX Type I: Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)

Answer 4

> or= 126mg/dL

Question 5

DX Type I: 2hr plasma glucose

Answer 5

> or= 200mg/dL using a glucose load

Question 6

DX Type I: A1c

Answer 6

> or=6.5%

Question 7

ABC’s of Diabetes

Answer 7

A1c, Blood Pressure, and Cholesterol

Question 8

S/Sx of DKA:

Answer 8

Dehydration, Anorexia/Vomiting, Kussmaul Respirations, Blood Sugar >300mg/dL, Arterial pH <7.3, Ketones in blood/urine

Question 9

TX of DKA:

Answer 9

Electrolyte replacement, 0.9 or 0.45% Norm. Saline, IV raid acting insulin (only mix Regular with saline), Assess: LOC, I&O’s, FSBS, Blood/urine ketones, Cardiac and Resp.

Question 10

Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome:

Answer 10

Insulin resistance, elevated insulin levels, decreased HDL’s, Increased LDL’s, Increased triglycerides, hypertension.

Question 11

Glucotrol

Answer 11

Sulfonylureas

Question 12

DiaBeta

Answer 12

Sulfonylureas

Question 13

Sulfonylureas

Answer 13

Increase insulin production from pancreas; drug of choice; allergy alert of sulfa drugs

Question 14

Metformin

Answer 14

Meglitinides

Question 15

Glucophage

Answer 15

Meglitinides

Question 16

Meglitinides

Answer 16

Reduces glucose production by the liver and increases insulin sensitivity at the tissue level. Increases transport of glucose into the cells; used in the prevention of type 2

Question 17

Precose

Answer 17

Alpha-Glucosidase

Question 18

Glycet

Answer 18

Alpha-Glucosidase

Question 19

Alpha-Glucosidase

Answer 19

(starch Blockers) slows down the absorption of CHO in the small intesitines. Improves post-prandial glucose levels

Question 20

Actos

Answer 20

Thiazolidiones

Question 21

Avandia

Answer 21

Thiazolidiones

Question 22

Thiazolidiones

Answer 22

Insulin sensitizers; most effective with people who have insulin resistance

Question 23

Januvia

Answer 23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors

Question 24

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors

Answer 24

Increases incretin causing insulin release; major benefit: Absence of wt gain as SE

Question 25

Symlin

Answer 25

Decreases rate food moves through the stomach so blood sugar rises slower, lowers the amount of glucose produced in the liver, triggers feeling full (T1/T2)

Question 26

Byetta

Answer 26

Incretin mimetic increasing the amount of insulin released (T2 only)

Question 27

Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose is:

Answer 27

Less than 70mg/dL

Question 28

S/Sx of hypoglycemia

Answer 28

confusion, irritability, diaphoresis, tremors, hunger, weakness–> unconsciousness/death

Question 29

The Somogy Effect:

Answer 29

A rebound effect in which an overdose of insulin induces hypoglycemia. Usually occuring during the hours of sleep, the somogy effect produces a decline in blood glucose level in response to too much insulin

Question 30

The Dawn Phenomenon

Answer 30

Is characterized by hyperglycemia that is present on awakening in he morning resulting from the release of conterregulatory hormones in the predawn hours.

Question 31

Autonomic neuropathy can affect:

Answer 31

nearly all body systems and lead to hypoglycemic unawareness, bowel incontinence and diarrhea, and urinary retention.