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Pharmocology Flashcards

1
Q

Well absorb drugs (oral)

A

Anti-folate
FQ
Nitrofurantoin
Metronidazole

Tetracycline
Lincosamide
Linezolid

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2
Q

Poor absorption oral

A

Carbapenams
Monobactam
Glycopeptide

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3
Q

Not absorb orally

A

Daptomycin
Polymyxin
Aminoglycoside

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4
Q

Penicillin oral absorption

A

Penicillin V 60%
Amoxicillin 75%
Cloxacillin 50%

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5
Q

Cephalosporin oral absorption

A

Cephalexin 90%

Cefuroxime 52%

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6
Q

Tetracycline and doxycycline oral absorption

A

Tetra 60-80%

Doxy 90-100%

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7
Q

Macrolide oral absorption

A

Azithromycin 40%
Clarithromyxin 50%
Erythromycin 15-45%

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8
Q

Good CSF penetration

A

Gen 3&4 cephalosporins and cefuroxime

Meropenem
Imipenem

Anti-folate
Metronidazole

FQ(m>I>c)

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9
Q

Abscess distribution

A

Glycopeptide

Lincosamide

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10
Q

Bile distribution

A

Tetracycline

Lincosamide

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11
Q

Metabolism liver

A 
Tetracycline 
Tigecycline (minimal)
Macrolide 
Lincosamide 
Linezolid (not cyp 450) 
Anti folate 
Macrolide (partly; inhibit liver also) 
Metronidazole
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12
Q

Not metabolize in liver

A 
Penicillin 
Cephalosporin 
Carbapenams 
Monobactam 
Glycopeptide
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13
Q

Excrete in kidney

A 
Penicillin
anti staphy (bile and renal)
Cephalosporin (except ceftriaxone)

Carbapenans
Monobactam
Glycopeptide
Daptomycin

Polymyxin(?)
Aminoglycoside 
Tetracycline (and bile) 
Tigercycline (mainly bile) 
Macrolide (4-30%) 
Lincosamide (and bile)
Linezolid (and non renal)

Anti folate
Nitrofurantoin
Metronidazole

FQ (except mo and nalidixic )

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14
Q

Excreted in bile

A

Nafcillin
Antistaph

Ceftriaxone
Tetracycline
Tigecycline
Lincosamide

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15
Q

Time dependent killings

A 
Penicillin (40-50%)
Cephalosporin (40-50%)
Carbapenams (40-50%) 
Monobactam (50-60%) 
Glycopeptide
Tetracycline 
Lincosamide 
Linezolid
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16
Q

Concentration killing

A 
Daptomycin 
Polymyxin 
Aminoglycoside 
FQ
Metronidazole
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17
Q

Daptomycin should not be use to treat

A

Pneumonia

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18
Q

Vancomycin is not as effective as _______________ for treatment of serious infections such as endocarditis caused by MSS strain.

A

Anti staphylococcus penicillin

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19
Q

MSSA choices of drugs

A

1st
Nafcillin

2nd
Cefazolin (1gen)
Vancomycin (if allergic to pcn)

Oral
Dicloxacillin
Cephalexin (1gen)
FQ

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20
Q

CONS DOC

A

Nafcillin
Vancomycin

Daptomycin
Carbapenams

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21
Q

Strep grp a / b DOC

A

Pcn g + clindamycin

Any BL
Vancomycin (pcn allergy)

Clindamycin
Amoxicillin
Tmp/smx

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22
Q

Viridans strep doc

A

Pcn g

Ceftriaxone
Vancomycin
Amoxicillin

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23
Q

Faecalis doc

A

Ampicillin

Pcn g
vancomycin

Amoxicillin

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24
Q

Pseudomonal aeruginosa is resistant to

A

Tetracycline inc tigecycline
And
Sulfonamide

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25
Static or cidal ``` Beta lactam AG Tetracycline Macrolide Linezolid ```
Cidal Cidal Cidal at high conc Static but cidal against streptococci
26
Macrolide activity is enhanced at
Alkaline ph
27
Sulphonamide may ppt in Urine esp at _______ producing crystalluria, hematuria or even obstruction
Neutral or acid pH
28
Sulphonamide Trimethoprim Co trimoxazole Cidal or static
Static Static Cidal
29
Co-trimoxazole ratio
Trimethoprim : | Sulfamethoxazole 1:5
30
FQ cidal or static
Cidal (broad spectrum)
31
FQ block DNA synthesis by _______
Inhibiting bacterial. Topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) | And topoisomerase IV.
32
Nitrofurantoin is cidal or static
Cidal at right dose
33
Nitrofurantoin antagonizes action of ____
Nalidixic acid
34
It is desirable to keep urine ph __________ when using nitrofurantoin to treat Chronic UTI
Below 5.5
35
Metronidazole Moa
Non enzymatically reduced by reacting with reduced ferrodoxin. This result in production of toxic product.
36
Fosfomyxin MOA
An analogue of phosphoenolopyruvate. It inhibits the cytoplasmic enzyme enolpyruvate transferase by covalently binding to the cysteine residue of the active site and blocking the addition of phosphoenolpyruvate to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine.
37
Uptake of fosfomycin require | ___
Glycerophosphate or glucose 6 phosphate transport system.
38
Protein binding penicillin
Penicillin 80% Amoxicillin 25% Cloxacillin 95%
39
Protein binding cephalosporins
Cefepime 20% | Ceftriaxone 90%
40
Protein binding carbapenams
Meropenem 2% | Ertapenam 95%
41
Monobactam protein binding
56%
42
Vancomycin Teicoplanin Protein binding
Vanco 30-55% | Teicoplanin 90%
43
Daptomycin protein binding
90%
44
Polymyxin protein binding
80-90%
45
Aminoglycoside protein binding
10%
46
Tetracycline BP
T: 20-67% D: 82-93%
47
Tigecycline BP
79-81%
48
Macrolide BP
A 7-50% C 65% E 70%
49
Lincosamide BP
85-94%
50
Linezolid BP
13%
51
SMZ binding protein
70%
52
TMP BP
44-62%
53
FQ BP
Low 30-50%
54
Metronidazole BP
<20%
55
Penicillin half life
30-90min short
56
Cephalosporin half life
1-2hr Ceftriaxone 8hr
57
Carbapenams half life
1hr Ertapenem 4hr
58
Monobactam half life
2hr
59
Vancomycin half life
4-12hr
60
Teicoplanin half life
83-168hr
61
Daptomycin half life
7-9hr
62
Polymyxin Bhalf life
4-6hr
63
AG halflife
1.5 -3.5hr
64
Tetracycline half life
6-12hr
65
Doxycycline halflife
15-48hr
66
Tigecycline halflife
24-42hr
67
Macrolide half life
A: 68hr C: 5-7hr E: 2-4hr
68
Lincosamide halflife
2.5hr
69
Linezolid half life
4-5hr
70
Tmp half life
11hr
71
SMZ halflife
9hr
72
FQ half life
M: 9.5hr L: 6-8hr C: 4hr
73
Nitrofurantoin halflife
0.3-1hr
74
Metronidazole half life
6-14hr
75
MRSQ doc
``` Vancomycin Teicoplanin Linezolid TMP/SMZ Clindamycin Doxycycline Rifampin ```
76
Cefazoline
1st gen cephalosporins
77
Cefadroxil
1st
78
Cephalexin
1st
79
Cephalothin
1st
80
Cephapirin
1st
81
Cephradine
1st
82
Cefazoline ROA
Parenteral
83
Cefaclor
2nd
84
Cefamandole
2nd
85
Cefonicid
2nd
86
Cefuroxime
2nd
87
Cefprozil
2nd
88
Loracarbef
2nd gen cephalosporins
89
Ceforanide
2nd
90
Cefoxitin
2nd
91
Cephamyxin
2nd
92
Cefmetazole
2nd
93
Cefotetan
2nd
94
Cefoperazone
3rd
95
Cefotaxime
3rd
96
Ceftazidime
3rd
97
Ceftizoxime
3rd
98
Ceftriaxone
3rd
99
Cefixime
3rd
100
Cefpodoxime
3rd
101
Cefdinir
3rd
102
Cefditoren
3rd
103
Ceftibuten
3rd
104
Cefepime
4th
105
Ceftaroline
5
106
Ceftobiprole
5th
107
Moxifloxacin
4th FQ
108
Levofloxacin
3rd FQ
109
Ciprofloxacin
2nd FQ
110
Norfloxacin
2nd FQ
111
Ofloxacin
2nd FQ
112
Nalidixic acid
1st FQ
113
Clinical use of daptomycin
Complicated skin and soft tissue infections and bacteremia. Right sided endocarditis. Less in cap
114
Polymyxin Clincial uses.
Infection of skins, mucous membrane, eye, ear. | Salvage therapy for treatment of infection caused by multi drug resistance organism.
115
MOA AG
Changes the shape of 30S portion causes code on mRNA to be read incorrectly.
116
MOA tetracycline
Interfere with attachment of tRNA to mRNA ribosome complex.
117
50s inhibitors MOA
Block peptide bond formation
118
Azithromycin covers
Mycobacterial avium
119
Compare macrolide with erythromycin
Azithromycin is 2-4fold less active against streptococcus and staphylococcus than erythromycin Clarithromycin is 2-4 fold more active against streptococcus and staphylococcus than erythromycin
120
Oxazolidione MOA
Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit near to surface interface of 23S ribosomal RNA
121
Sfx and TMP MOA
Sulfonamide susceptible organism unlike mammals cannot use exogenous folate but must synthesize it from PABA. This pathway is essential for production of purines and NA synthesis. As structural analog of PABA, sulphonamide inhibits Dihydropteroate synthase and folate production. Trimethoprim inhibit dihydrofolate reductasd.
122
PABA
P aminobenzoic acid.
123
Antifolate cidal or static
Static Unless together then is cidal
124
Nitrofurantoin cidal or static
Static
125
FQ static or cidal
Cidal
126
Fosfomycin MOA
Inhibits enolpyruvate transferases by covalently binding to the cysteine residue of the active site. Blocking the addition of phosphoenoloyruvate to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine
127
Metronidazole MOA
Enzyme nitroreductase Reduces the nitro group in metronidazole to cytotoxic metabolite which bind to DNA to cause strand breakage and loss of helical structure This interfering with nucleic synthesis Aerobic microbes do not have the enzyme to activate this drug

Antibiotic (21 decks)

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