Abx Spectrum Flashcards
Natural Penicillin gram +
Drug of choice for streptococcus
Most staphylococci are resistant
Most Enterococcus faecalis are sensitive
Most E. faecium are resistant
Natural penicillin anaerobes
peptostreptococcus, priopionibacterium
Natural penicillin gram -
Minimal coverage, only Neisseria meningitidis
Treponema pallium (syphilis)
Penicillinase -resistant penicillins
Gram +
Drug of choice for MSSA Streptococci (Penicillin-Sen)
Penicillinase resistance penicillin
Anaerobes
No coverage except peptostreptococcus
Penicillinase resistance penicillin gram -
No coverage for Enterococcus and Gram -ve
Extended spectrum
Amino penicillin gram +
As with natural penicillin
+ listeria
Extended spectrum amino penicillin anaerobes
As well natural penicillin
Extended spectrum
Amino penicillin
Gram -
Neisseria meningitidis Enterobacteriaceae that don’t produce β- lactamase
Extended spectrum
Anti pseudomonal
As with natural penicillin
Extended spectrum anti pseudomonal anaerobes
As with natural penicillin
Extended spectrum anti pseudomonal
Gram -
As with aminopenicillins & Citrobacter spp., Providencia spp., Enterobacter spp., Morganella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Example of penicillin w beta lactamase inhibitor
Amoxycillin/clavulanate, Ticarcillin/clavulanate
Ampicillin/sulbactam
Piperacillin/tazobactam
Piperacillin w tazobactam
Ampicillin w sulfobactam
Covers
Piperacillin/ tazobactam covers Pseudomona aeruginosa Ampicillin/ sulbactam covers Acinetobacter baumanni
Penicillin with BLI gram +
As with natural penicillins
In addition S. aureus (similair to penicillase-resistant penicillins, NOT MRSA
Penicillin w BLI anaerobes
Bacteroides spp
Penicillin w BLI gram -
E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp.
First gen cephalosporins gram +
Staphylococcus (except MRSA, CoNS)
Streptococcus
No enterococcus
First gen cephalosporins anaerobes
NO COVER ANAEROBES
First gen cephalosporins gram-
Proteus
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella
Not active against H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis
Second gen cephalosporins gram +
Staphylococcus (except MRSA, CoNS)
Streptococcus
No enterococcus
Second gen cephalosporins gram -
Neisseria meningitis
Proteus
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella
H. influenzae
M. catarrhalis
Third gen cephalosporins gram +
Staphylococcus (except MRSA, CoNS)
Streptococcus
No enterococcus
Third gen cephalosporins gram -
As with 2nd generation plus
N. Gonorrhoeae (Ceftriaxone) Pseudomonas (Ceftazidime) Serratia
Citrobacter
Fourth gen cephalosporins gram +
Staphylococcus (except MRSA, CoNS)
Streptococcus
No enterococcus
Fourth gen cephalosporins gram -
Broad Gram –ve coverage
Pseudomonas
Less susceptible to inactivation by AmpC B-lactamases
Fifth gen cephalosporins gram +
Staphylococcus (including MRSA) Streptococcus
Enterococcus fecalis
Fifth gen cephalosporins gram -
Broad Gram –ve coverage Pseudomonas
Carbapenams gram +
Staphylococcus (inc cons)
Streptococcus
No coverage of MRSA
E. fecalis (some)
No coverage of E. faecium
Carbapenams anaerobe
Except C. difficile
Carbapenams gram -
Broadest gram-negative coverage Except S. maltophilia
Monobactam coverage
No coverage for gram + and anaerobes
Gram -ve coverage
Broad coverage Pseudomonas
No coverage for ESBL-producers, B. cepacia, S. maltophilia and Acinetobacter
Glycopeptide gram +
Staphylococcus including MRSA Streptococcus including PRSP Enterococcus (Excluding VRE) Coagulase negative staphylococcus
Literia
Glycopeptide anaerobes
Gram +ve peptostreptococcus, Clostridium
Clostridium difficile
Glycopeptide gram -
No coverage
Daptomycin gram +
Staphylococcus (include MRSA, CoNS) Streptococcus (except S. pneumo) Enterococcus faecium (including VRE) Enterococcus faecalis
Daptomycin gram -
Minimal activity
Polymyxin coverage
Gram - Very broad
E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter
Does not cover Proteus, Providencia, Serra?a, Burkholderia, Vibrio, Morganella
No gram + and anaerobes
Aminoglycoside gram +
Minimal staphylococcus
Synergy with beta-lactams and vancomycin against streptococcus, staphylococcus, and enterococcus
Synergy against listeria
Aminoglycoside gram -ve
Broad gram-negative coverage Pseudomonas
Tetracycline gram +
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus aureus
No coverage of enterococcus Covers listeria
Tetracycline atypical
Legionella
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
Rickettsia
Tetracycline gram -
Neisseria
Moraxella
Hemophilus
Tigecycline Gram +
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus (incl MRSA) Enterococcus (incl VRE)
Covers listeria
Tigecycline atypical
Legionella
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
Rickettsia
Tigecycline gram -
Broad coverage Exception:
the three Ps
Pseudomonas
Proteus
Providencia
Macrolide gram +
Streptococcus Staphylococcus (some CA-MRSA) No coverage of Enterococcus Covers listeria No CONS
Macrolide atypical
Legionella
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
Rickettsia
Macrolide -ve
Morexella
Hemophilus influenzae
Lincosamide gram +
Streptococcus Staphylococcus (some CA-MRSA) No coverage of Enterococcus NO CONS
Lincosamide Anaerobes
Bacteroides
Peptostreptococcus Priopionibacterium
Lincosamide gram -
No coverage
Linezolid gram +
Staphylococcus (incl MRSA, CoNS)
Streptococcus Enterococcus (incl VRE)
Linezolid gram -
No coverage
Co-trimoxazole gram +
Minimal streptococcus Staphylococcus
Covers some strains of MRSA Listeria
No coverage of enterococcus
Co-trimoxazole anaerobe
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Nocardia
Co-trimoxazole gram -
Neiserria
Morexella
Hemophilus
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
FQ gram +
Older agents with poor activity; newer FQs with enhanced potency
MSSA
Streptococcus pneumoniae (incl PRSP, for LevoLloxacin, MoxiLloxacin)
Viridans group Streptococci Minimal coverage for Enterococcus
M and L cover CONS
FQ anaerobe
Some coverage for gram-pos
Gram-neg, Bacteroides (only moxifloxacin)
FQ atypical
Legionella
pneumophila
Chlamydia
Mycoplasma
FQ gram -
Enterobacteriaceae
H. influenzae
M. catarrhalis
Neisseria spp
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Significant resistance has emerged
+ PEK
+ Serratia
+ citrobacter
Nitrofurantoin gram +
S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, S. agalactiae, group D streptococci, viridians streptococci and Corynebacterium
Nitrofurantoin gram -
E. coli, Enterobacte Neisseria, Salmonella and Shigella
Metronidazole anaerobe bacteria
Bacteroides
Fusobacterium
Prevotella
Clostridium
Helicobacter pylori
Minimal coverage for acJnomyces
Minimal coverage for Propionebacterium acnes
Metronidazole anaerobe Protozoa
Trichomonas vaginalis Entamoeba histoly*ca Giardia lamblia Gardnerella vaginalis
DOC mycoplasma pneumonia
Doxycycline
Azithromycin
Levofloxacin
Moxiflocillin
Chloramphenicol
Doc chlamydia trachomatis
Doxycycline
Azithromycin
Levoflo
Doc chlamydophila
Doxycycline
Azithromycin
Levoflo
Moxi
Rickettsia doc
Doxycycline
Chloramphenicol (only in pregnant )
Legionella doc
Levo
Moxi
Azithromycin
Neomycin Roa
Topical or oral
Amikacin
Mycobacterium avium
Streptomycin
TB (2nd line)
Rickettsia doc
Tetracycline
FQ for TB
Cipro
Levo
Moxi
FQ for anthrax tx and prophylaxis
Cipro