Pharmocology

Question 0

What is cyclosporine’s toxicity?

Answer 0

Renal toxicity, hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia

Question 1

What is cyclosporine?

Answer 1

Calcineurin inhibitor. For immunosuppression

Question 2

How do corticosteroids work?

Answer 2

Bind to glucocorticoid receptor. Inhibition of HAT, directly or by his tone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2). Preventing transcription. Also an indirect inhibitor of GATA-3

Question 3

What is sirolimus?

Answer 3

mTOR. Inhibitor. Binds FKBP12 preventing cell cycle-driven clonal expansion. Immunosuppression

Question 4

What does mycophenolate do?

Answer 4

Inhibits inosine phosphate, inhibiting DNA synthesis. Immunosuppression through cell cycle inhibition

Question 5

How does Azathioprine work

Answer 5

Immunosuppression cell cycle inhibitor. Extensive metabolic conversion. Incorporation of fraudulent nucleotide in DNA. And blockage of co stimulation of T cells

Question 6

Which immunosuppressants are contraindicated in pregnancy?

Answer 6

Cell cycle inhibitors: methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, Azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil

Question 7

Induction of suppression best by?

Answer 7

Basiliximab or T cell depletion by thyroglobulin

Question 8

Immunosuppressants increase risk across the board for?

Answer 8

Infection and tumors

Question 9

Adalimumab

Answer 9

TNF-Alpha inhibitor, soluble cytokine receptor

Question 10

Certolizumab

Answer 10

TNF-Alpha inhibitor, soluble cytokine receptor

Question 11

Etanercept

Answer 11

TNF-Alpha inhibitor

Question 12

Golimumab

Answer 12

TNF-Alpha inhibitor

Question 13

Infliximab

Answer 13

TNF-Alpha inhibitor

Question 14

Omalizumab

Answer 14

IgE antibody

Question 15

Roflumilast

Answer 15

PDE4 inhibitor

Question 16

Zileuton

Answer 16

Leukotriene synthesis inhibitor

Question 17

Montelukast

Answer 17

Leukotriene receptor blockers

Question 18

Amphotericin B

Answer 18

Antifungal that punches holes in cell membranes. Renal toxicity. Given IV. Could cause anemia, abnormal liver function and seizures. Poor solubility

Question 19

Flucytosine

Answer 19

Antifungal. Prevents cell replication by nucleic acid inhibition 5-FU. Conversion by intestinal micro flora.

Question 20

Caspofungin

Answer 20

Anti fungal. Echocandins. Inhibitor of beta-1-3 glucan. Used against aspergillosis and candida infections

Question 21

Griseofulvin

Answer 21

Anti fungal. Works through inhibition of the mitotic spindle. CYP3A4 inducer.

Question 22

Terbinafine

Answer 22

Antifungal. Block synthesis of ergosterol. Blocks squalene to squalene epoxide. Some lymphopenia and neutropenia

Question 23

Azole group

Answer 23

Antifungal. Blocks ergosterol synthesis. Prevent conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol. Inhibition of p450

Question 24

Ketoconazole

Answer 24

Imidazole group–2 nitrogen rings. Low CSF penetration. Liver damage and adrenal insufficiency

Question 25

Fluconazole

Answer 25

Anti fungal. Triazole. Elimination through urine. Contraindicated in pregnancy. CSF penetration

Question 26

Itracinazole

Answer 26

Antifungal. Triazole. Poor CSF penetration.

Question 27

Voriconazole

Answer 27

Antifungal. Triazole. Inhibitor of mammalian CYP3A4. Strong drug-drug interactions. Photosensitivity, temporary visual disturbances upon IV administration. Hallucinations

Question 28

Posaconazole

Answer 28

Antifungal. Triazole. Orally administered. CYP mediated drug interactions. Affective against murcormycosis

Question 29

Cefazolin

Answer 29

First generation cephalosporin. Used for surgical prophylaxis

Question 30

Cefepime

Answer 30

3rd generation cephlalosporin. Given IV and used to treat pseudomonal infections

Question 31

Bortezomib

Answer 31

Targets Nfkb by inhibiting its activation through stabilization of inhibitor Ikb