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CMOD block 1 > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

0
Q

What does IL-12 do?

A

Promotes differentiation into Th1 effector cells. Stimulates NK cells

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1
Q

What binds ICAM-1 (CD54)

A

LFA-1 and MAC-1

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2
Q

What binds PECAM-1? And what does it facilitate?

A

PECAM-1 and diapedesis of leukocytes

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3
Q

What binds VLA-4?

A

VCAM-1

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4
Q

What do CD8 cells secrete?

A

Perforin, granzymes, granulysin, IFN-gamma, LT. FasL

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5
Q

What do Th1 cells secrete?

A

IFN-1, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, LT, IL-3

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6
Q

What do Th2 cells secrete?

A

IL: 4, 5,10, 13 and TGF-beta

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7
Q

What activates macrophages?

A

Th1 cells, makes them more phagocytic and bacteriocidal

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8
Q

What do Tregs do? And how?

A

Prevent activation of self-reactive cells. Secretion of TGF-beg and IL-10

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9
Q

Azithromycin

A

Macrolide. Binds 23S rRNA of 50s RSU preventing elongation of AA. Bactiostatic

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10
Q

Cephalexin

A

1st generation cephalosporin. Treats gram positives. Commonly prescribed oral antibiotic.

Cell wall inhibitor

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11
Q

Ampicillin

A

Aminopenicillin. Treats gram negatives. Bacteriocidal.

Cell wall inhibitor

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12
Q

Piperacillin

A

Broad spectrum penicillin. Administered with beta-lactamase inhibitor

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13
Q

Nitroimidazole

A

Metronidazole. Prodrug needing ferredoxin for activation

Only effective in anaerobes

Produces toxic products and free radicals

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14
Q

Gentamicin

A

Aminoglycoside. Iv administered

Treats gram negative aerobes

Reversibly binds to 30s RSU and causes pores in outer cell membrane

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15
Q

Clindamycin

A

Lincosamide. Bacteriostatic

Binds 23S rRNA of 50 RSU

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16
Q

Vancomycin

A

Binds D-ala-D-ala sequence in cell wall precursor.

Oral for GI infections. IV otherwise

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17
Q

Fosfomycin

A

Inhibits first step of peotidoglycan

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18
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor. Binds 50S RSU.

Binds near Clindamycin and macrolides

19
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Reversibly bind to 16S subunit of 30s RSU. weakening ribosomal-tRNA interaction

20
Q

Imipebem

A

Carbapenem. Given with cilastin

Cell wall inhibitor: better cell wall penetration, resistance to bacterial enzymes and affinity for all PBPs

21
Q

Quinupristin

A

Streptogramin. Protein synthesis inhibitor. Binds 50s RSU.

Given dalfopristin. Bacterocidial

22
Q

Mupircin

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor. Reversible binding to isoleucyl transferase-RNA

Topically given. Gram positive and negative

23
Q

Fidaxomicin

A

C-diff treatment

Inhibits RNA synthesis

24
Q

Aztreonam

A

Monobactam. Cell wall inhibitor. Bacterocidial

25
Q

Rifampin

A

Binds RNA polymerase. Prevents initiation of RNA synthesis

Lipophilic: mycobacterium, biofilms, CNS. And abscesses

26
Q

Daptomycin

A

Causes rapid depolarization of cell membrane of gram positives

Leads to inhibition of protein, DNA, and RNA synthesis

27
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

3rd generation cephlalosporin for treatment of sti and pediatric meningitis. Gram negatives. Given IV

28
Q

Cotrimoxazole

A

Combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Inhibition of folic acid synthesis

UTIs, chronic bronchitis, pneumocystis

29
Q

Erythromycin

A

Macrolide. Binds 23 rRNA of 50 RSU preventing amino acid elongation

30
Q

Ciprofloxin

A

Fluroquinolone. Inhibits DNA gyrase (in gram negatives) and topoisomerase (in gram positives)

31
Q

AIRE

A

Autoimmune regulator. Drives expression of proteins from different tissues to be expressed in thymus to help with negative selection

32
Q

FoxP3

A

Transcription factor for IL-10 and TGF-beta. Deficiency leads to autoimmune disease

33
Q

T-bet

A

Transcription factor for making Th1 cells

34
Q

GATA-4

A

Transcription factor for making Th2 cells

35
Q

CAD

A

Caspase activatible DNAase. Starts as I-CAD which is cleaved by caspase 3. Goes to nucleus and cleaves DNA into small pieces

36
Q

What is the signal transduction unit of the BCR

A

Ig-alpha/Ig-beta complex

37
Q

TLR2:TLR6 heterodimer

A

Lipopepides. Gram positives and zymosan from fungi

38
Q

TLR3

A

Double stranded viral RNA

39
Q

TLR4:TLR4 homodimer

A

Lipo polysaccharide. Gram negative

40
Q

What are the best neutralizing Igs?

A

IgGs and IgA

41
Q

IL-7

A

B cell growth factor produced by bone marrow stromal cells

42
Q

What are the genes for MHC class 1

A

Chromosome 6: HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C

43
Q

What are the genes for MHC II?

A

On chromosome 6: HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR

44
Q

What causes the second activation signal for T cells?

A

B7 on APC binding to Cd28

CMOD block 1 (4 decks)

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