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CMOD block 1 > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

0
Q

What is an ulcer

A

Local defect or excavation of the surface of an organ or tissue that is produced by necrosis and sloughing of necrotic and inflammatory tissue

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1
Q

What caspases are associated with the mitochondrial and extrinsic, respectively?

A

Caspase-9 mitochondrial and caspases 8&10 for extrinsic

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2
Q

What is pus

A

Purulent exudate. Rich in neutrophils, cellular debris, and usually microbes

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3
Q

What is mucus?

A

Grey, slimy, stringy

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4
Q

Where can you find polyserositis

A

Pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum

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5
Q

Define fibrinous inflammation

A

Deposition of fibrin rich exudate on serosal (peritoneum, pericardium, pleura), meninges, or interstitum.

Looks shaggy and tan

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6
Q

Lymphocyte predominant diseases

A

Thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, myocarditis

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7
Q

Macrophage predominate diseases

A

Atherosclerosis, subacute phase pneumonia, gaucher disease, gout

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8
Q

What are dohle bodies?

A

Patches of dilated endoplasmic reticulum in neutrophils during severe acute inflammation.

Sky-blue cytoplasmic puddles

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9
Q

What is mottling?

A

A sign of reversible inadequate blood supply

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10
Q

Hemosiderosis

A

Totally body iron overload. Sickle cell. Abundance of hemosiderin. Found kuffer cells

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11
Q

FLIP

A

Binds to procaspace 8 preventing activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway

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12
Q

Causes of hypercalcemia

A

Hyperparathyroidism, bone resorption, vitamin d disorders, renal failure

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13
Q

Alpha-1-antitrypsin

A

Major inhibitor of neutrophil elastase

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14
Q

Systemic effect of acute inflammation

A

Fever, tachycardia, hyperventilation, leukocytes is

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15
Q

What causes left shift?

A

TNF and IL-1

16
Q

Serum amyloid A

A

Recycling and reusing cholesterol from damaged cells by replacing apo A in HDLs

17
Q

Cell injury sensors

A

BAD, BIM, BID, Puma, Noxa

18
Q

CX3C chemokines

A

Fractalkine. Promotes adhesion of monocytes and T-cells

19
Q

C-X-C chemokines

A

Act on neutrophils. Ex: IL-8

20
Q

C-C chemokines

A

Chemoattractant for monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils

21
Q

C chemokines

A

Chemoattractant for lymphocytes

22
Q

Prostaglandin I2

A

In vascular endothelial cells. Prostacyclin. Dilates blood vessels and inhibits platelet aggregation

23
Q

Thromboxane A2

A

In platelets. Constricts blood vessels, increase platelet aggregation

24
Q

IL-5

A

Recruits and activates eosinophils

25
Q

Cat scratch fever

A

Stellate granuloma with center necrotic granular debris and neutrophils

26
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Non-necrotizing tight, naked granulomas (without rim of lymphocytes) claw hand

27
Q

Lymphangitis

A

Inflammation of lymphatic channels

28
Q

Ferroportin

A

Iron export protein. Down regulated in chronic inflammation by hepidin, interferon, lipopolysaccharide, & TNF-alpha

29
Q

Fibrinous adhesions

A

Early adhesions formed of fibrin

30
Q

EGF

A

Stimulates fibroblast migration to sites of tissue repair, fibroblast proliferation and collagenase secretion

31
Q

FGF

A

Stimulates fibroblast migration, fibroblast proliferation, monocytes chemotaxis, angiogenesis, and collagenase secretion

32
Q

PDGF

A

Fibroblast migration, fibroblast proliferation, monocyte chemotaxis, collagen syntheses, and collagenase secretion

33
Q

VEGF

A

Angiogenesis

34
Q

TGF-beta

A

Stimulates tissue inhibitors of MMPs, keratinocytes migration, angiogenesis, fibroplasia, collagen synthesis. And increased secretion of TGF-beta

35
Q

Dehiscence

A

Rupture of a surgical wound or anastomosis

36
Q

Desmond tumor

A

Aggressive fibromatosis. Proliferation of fibroblast. Most common in young adult women and abdominal wall surgical sites

CMOD block 1 (4 decks)

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