Pharmocology

Question 1

Define bioavailability

Answer 1

Percent of drug that reaches the systemic circulation

Question 2

Effects of drug’s bioavailability

Answer 2

Absorption from GI tract
Metabolism by gut wall enzymes
Hepatic “first pass” metabolism

Question 3

What organ is primarily responsible for drug elimination?

Answer 3

Kidneys

Question 4

What organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism?

Answer 4

Liver

Question 5

Determination of drug’s half life is important to determine what?

Answer 5

Steady state concentration of drug

Question 6

Define pharmacodynamics

Answer 6

Study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanism of action

Question 7

Define pharmacokinetics

Answer 7

Drug action in the body over time influenced by absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination

Question 8

Define effective dose of a drug

Answer 8

Concentration of drug in the therapeutic range

Question 9

What would require monitoring drug dosageto avoid toxic drug reactions?

Answer 9

Drugs with narrow therapeutic ranges

Question 10

What increases the risk for adverse drug effect?

Answer 10

Elderly age
Decreased renal function
Increased number of drug prescriptions

Question 11

Renal dosing of a drug is dependent on what?

Answer 11

Clearance of creatinine to determine eGFR

Question 12

What is the time scale of drug interactions?

Answer 12

Can be rapid or delayed

Question 13

Define therapeutic range

Answer 13

Level of drug required to be effective

Question 14

Define drug interaction

Answer 14

Enhanced or diminished effect of one drug when used with another

Question 15

Absorption phase

Answer 15

Process of drug uptake from site of administration into the blood

Question 16

Distribution phase

Answer 16

Transport of drug in body fluids from blood to various tissues in the body

Question 17

Metabolism phase

Answer 17

Conversion to water soluble compound that can be eliminated

Question 18

Elimination phase

Answer 18

Eliminated from the body (like through urine)

Question 19

Minimal effective concentration

Answer 19

Lowest plasma concentration to produce desired drug effect

Question 20

Toxic concentration

Answer 20

Plasma concentration at which drug produces serious adverse effects

Question 21

Summation drug interaction

Answer 21

Additive effect of two drugs (working together)

Question 22

Synergism drug interaction

Answer 22

Multiplicative effect that is much greater than the additive effect of two drugs

Question 23

Potentiation drug interaction

Answer 23

Prolongation of drug action

Question 24

Antagonism drug interaction

Answer 24

Shortening of drug action