Diabetes Mellitis

Question 1

Why is insulin replacement necessary in T1DM?

Answer 1

Lack of insulin results in diabetic ketoacidosis and death within 48 hours

Question 2

Hyperglycemia

Answer 2

Blood sugar is abnormally high

Question 3

Hypoglycemia

Answer 3

Blood sugar drops below normal

Question 4

What is a major risk associated with treatment of insulin?

Answer 4

Hypoglycemia
Can result in loss of consciousness, seizures, accidents, death

Question 5

Insulin resistance and increased hepatic glucose production can contribute to the development of what?

Answer 5

Type 2 diabetes

Question 6

What is the relationship between visceral fat and insulin resistance?

Answer 6

Higher the percentage of visceral fat the lower the insulin sensitivity

Question 7

Various subtypes of T2DM provides what important information?

Answer 7

Pathophysiology and metabolic profile of T2DM is variable

Question 8

Therapeutic management for T2DM includes what

Answer 8

Medications aimed to reduce risk of cardiovascular and renal diseases and lifestyle interventions

Question 9

Which individuals receive insulin injections as a part of their treatment plan?

Answer 9

All T1DM and insulin-deficient T2DM

Question 10

Why is it important for a physical therapist to know if the individual has had an eye exam?

Answer 10

Individuals with DM are at risk for retinopathy

Question 11

Why does a physical therapist need to know about timing of insulin therapy and when were blood glucose levels last checked?

Answer 11

To know if a patient is at risk for hypoglycemia

Question 12

Presentation of diabetic neuropathies

Answer 12

Varies and may involve pain, sensory loss, and motor loss

Question 13

How is muscle affected in clinical progression of DM?

Answer 13

Decreases in mass and strength, increased fat, and connective tissue

Question 14

Macrovascular complications of DM occur because of pathology in which blood vessels?

Answer 14

Atherosclerosis of medium and large vessels

Question 15

Atherosclerosis

Answer 15

Build up of plaque in the arteries

Question 16

Assessment of HA1c provides what important information?

Answer 16

Glycemic control over the past 3 months

Question 17

Why are optimal HA1c levels and optimal blood pressure control critically important?

Answer 17

Slows progression of disease
Decreases risk of cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, and kidney disease
Improves quality of life

Question 18

Microvascular complications of DM

Answer 18

Eye, kidney, and heart diseases

Question 19

Macrovascular complications of DM

Answer 19

Heart, brain, and extremity diseases

Question 20

Insulin resistance

Answer 20

Impaired biological response to insulin resulting in hyperglycemia and high circulating fatty acids