Pharmocology 💊 Flashcards by Makayla Chambers

What are the indications of giving oxygen

SOB, hypoxia, AMS, pain caused by ischemia

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What are the contraindications of oxygen

no medical direction orders

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What is the route in which oxygen is delivered

inhalation

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What is the action of oxygen

increase concentration of oxygen in the alveoli

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what are the side effects of oxygen administration

nausea, dry mouth

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What are the indications in assist a patient with their MDI

treatment of bronchospasm with reversible obstructive airway disease, signs and symptoms of SOB, current prescription for rescue inhaler type MDI

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What are the contraindications of assisting a patient with their MDI

Hypersensitivity, unconscious i.e physically unable to use the device, maximum dose reached prior to arrival, device not prescribed to patient, inhaler is a maintenance inhaler(for everyday use), no medical direction orders

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What is the action of a MDI

bronchodilator

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What form does an MDI come in

powder/mist

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What is the route of administration for an MDI

inhalation

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What are the side effects of an MDI

anxiety, tachycardia, muscle tremors, coughing

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How many minutes should one wait between administering doses of an MDI

5 minutes

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What are the indications of administering Albuterol via a nebulizer treatment

Treatment of bronchospasm with reversible obstructive airway disease, signs and symptoms of SOB, current prescription for rescuer inhaler type MDI

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What are the contraindications of giving albuterol via a nebulizer

Hypersensitivity, unconscious i.e. unable to physically use the device, maximum dose reached prior to arrival, no medical direction orders

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what is the action of albuterol given via a nebulizer

bronchodilator

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What form does albuterol take when given via a nebulizer and what is the route of administration

a mist that is inhaled via a nebulizer

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what is the adult dosage for albuterol administered via a nebulizer

2.5 mg in 3mL saline

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What is the pediatric dosage of albuterol administered via a nebulizer treatment

1.25 mg in 3 mL saline

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What are the side effects of albuterol administered via a nebulizer

restlessness, tremors, dizziness, palpitations, tachycardia, nervousness, peripheral vasodilation, nausea, vomiting, hyperglycemia, increased BP, paradoxical bronchospasm

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What should the flow rate be if an oxygen tank is attached to administer the nebulizer treatment
O2 tank or air compressor is required

6-8 lpm

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What are the indications of administering ipratropium bromide via a nebulizer treatment

treatment of bronchospasm with reversible obstructive airway disease, signs and symptoms of SOB, current prescription for rescuer inhaler type MDI

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what are the contraindications of administering ipratropium bromide via a nebulizer treatment

hypersensitivity, unconscious i.e. unable to use the device, maximum dose reached prior to arrival, bromide hypersensitivity, no medical direction orders

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what is the purpose of ipratropium bromide administration

bronchodilator

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what is the adult dosage for ipratropium bromide administration

500 mg in 3mL saline

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what is the pediatric dosage for administering ipratropium bromide

250 mg in 3mL saline

What are the side effects of ipratropium bromide being administered via a nebulizer

restlessness, tachycardia, anxiety, hypertension, chest pain of cardiac origin

What should the flow rate be when administering ipratropium bromide via a nebulizer

6-8 lpm

what risk does administering ipratropium bromide pose

may cause arrhythmias

what are the indications of administering aspirin

acute chest pain indicative of cardiac problems

what are the contraindications of aspirin

hypersensitivity, unconscious, unable to swallow, allergic to aspirin, evidence of a recent or current severe internal bleed, bleeding disorder; no medical direction orders

what is the action of aspirin

platelet inhibitor, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory agent

What is the dosage of aspirin that can be given

162-325 mg; 1 adult tablet or 4 baby aspirin at 81 mg each

What is the route of administration for aspirin

oral or chewed(PO)

What are the side effects of aspirin

heartburn, GI bleeding/stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, wheezing in allergic patients, prolonged bleeding

What is a caution when giving aspirin to patient

anticoagulants: if they are taking any other blood thinning medication

What are the indications of nitro

acute chest pain indicative of cardiac problem

what are the contraindications of nitro

hypersensitivity, systolic bp <100 mmHg, intracranial bleeding or head injury, pt has already had maximum dose, pt has taken erectile dysfunction medications in the last 24 hours, no medical direction orders

What is the action of nitro

vasodilator

What form can nitro be administered in

spray or tablet

What is the dosage of nitro and how many doses can be given

1 spray or 1 tablet at .3 or .4 mg; a total of 3 doses can be given

How is nitro administered

sublingually

What are the side effects of nitro

headache, tingling under the tongue, hypotension, syncope, flushing, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, muscle twitching

What are the indication for administering glucose

Change in mental status, history of diabetes, BGL <80mg/dL

What are the contraindications of glucose

unconscious; unable to swallow, suspected stroke, nausea, vomiting, no medical direction orders

What is the action that glucose has on the body

raises blood sugar

What form does glucose come in

Gel, tablet

What is the dosage of glucose and how many doses can be given

1 tube or 15 g; up to 2 doses can be given

How many minutes should pass between each dose of glucose

5 minutes

What is the route of administration for glucose

Oral/Buccal(PO)

What are the side effects of glucose administration

Hyperglycemia, nausea, vomiting

What is it important to remember before giving glucose Hint: regarding airway

patient must have a patient airway and be able to follow commands

What are the indications of narcan

Respiratory depression secondary to opioid overdose

What are the contraindications of narcan

Hypersensitivity and no medical direction orders

What is the action of narcan

competitive narcotic antagonist

What form does narcan come in

liquid

What is the dosage of narcan and how many doses can be administered

2.0 mg, 1 mg in each nare Repeat dosing as needed until respirations are restored

What is the route of administration for narcan

Intranasal/Intramuscular(IN/IM)

What are the side effects of narcan

withdrawal syndrome, tachycardia, hypertension, dysthymias, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, combativeness

What MIGHT happen if narcan is overused

noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

What are the indications if activated charcoal

some oral poisoning and medication overdoses

What medication overdoses can activated charcoal be used for

aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen

What are the contraindications of activated charcoal

unconscious, unable to swallow, ingestion of alkali poisons, hydrocarbon, petroleum distillate, corrosive substances, cyanide, ethanol, iron, lithium, methanol, mineral acids, organic solvents, or heavy metals; simultaneous administration with other oral drugs, no medical direction orders

What is the action of activated charcoal

adsorbent

What else can be in activated charcoal besides an absorbent

a laxative

What is the adult dosage for administering activated charcoal

1g/kg: 30 to 100g

What is the pediatric dosage for activated charcoal

15-30 g

What is the ratio of charcoal to water

1:4

What are the side effects of activated charcoal

black, tarry stools, nausea, vomiting, constipation

What is the administration consideration for activated charcoal

many activated charcoal preparations are premixed with sorbitol, an artificial sweetener and laxative

What are the indications of epinephrine

Signs of severe allergic reaction causing airway, breathing, and/or circulatory compromise; anaphylactic reaction

What are the contraindications of epinephrine

None when used in life-threatening emergency, no medical direction orders

What is the action of epinephrine

bronchodilator, vasoconstrictor

What form does epinephrine come in

liquid

What is the adult dosage of epinephrine and how many doses can be given

0.3 mg and maximum of two doses

How many minutes apart should epinephrine doses for adults be given

5 minutes

What is the pediatric dose of epinephrine and how many doses can be given

.15 mg and only one dose maximum should be given

Do Epi-Pens have a set amount of epinephrine in them

yes

What is the route in which epinephrine is administered

Intramuscular(IM)

What are the side effects of epinephrine

Hypertension, tachycardia, headache, burning at the injection site, anxiety, sweating, pale skin, palpations, dizziness

What MIGHT happen if epinephrine is given to a child

syncope

What is the main administration consideration when giving epinephrine to an adult

consultation with medical control if the patient has a history of heart disease or ACS

What is the indication for giving Benadryl

Mild allergic reactions

What are the contraindications for giving Benadryl

Hypersensitivity, asthma, glaucoma, pregnancy, hypertension, infants, monoamine oxidase inhibitor(MAO) usage; type of psychiatric medication, alcohol usage, no medical direction orders

What is the action of Benadryl

antihistamine

What form does Benadryl come in

Tablet

What is the proper dosage of Benadryl to administer

25-50 mg

What is the route that Benadryl is given

Oral(PO)

What are the side effects of Benadryl

Sleepiness, dry mouth, dry throat; for some people Benadryl has the opposite effect and causes hyperactivity

Can you still use Benadryl in the case of a severe allergic reaction, if so when

Yes, after epinephrine has been administered

What are the indications for Tylenol

Relief of mild pain or fever, headache, muscle aches

What are the contraindications of administering Tylenol

Hypersensitivity, no medical direction orders

What is the action of Tylenol

antipyretic, analgesic

What is the dose and form that Tylenol can be given in

Tablet; 500-1000 mg

What route is Tylenol administered by

Oral(PO)

What are the side effects of Tylenol administration

Allergic reaction

What are the indications for ibuprofen administration

Relief of mild pain, or fever, headache, muscle aches

What are the contraindications for ibuprofen administration

Hypersensitivity, no medical direction orders

What is the action of ibuprofen

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID)

What is the dosage and form for ibuprofen to be given

200-400mg in a tablet form

What is the route of administration for ibuprofen

Oral(PO)

What are the side effects of ibuprofen

Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding, allergic reactions

What medication could have a potentially harmful interaction with ibuprofen

Aspirin