Pharmocology 💊 Flashcards
What are the indications of giving oxygen
SOB, hypoxia, AMS, pain caused by ischemia
What are the contraindications of oxygen
no medical direction orders
What is the route in which oxygen is delivered
inhalation
What is the action of oxygen
increase concentration of oxygen in the alveoli
what are the side effects of oxygen administration
nausea, dry mouth
What are the indications in assist a patient with their MDI
treatment of bronchospasm with reversible obstructive airway disease, signs and symptoms of SOB, current prescription for rescue inhaler type MDI
What are the contraindications of assisting a patient with their MDI
Hypersensitivity, unconscious i.e physically unable to use the device, maximum dose reached prior to arrival, device not prescribed to patient, inhaler is a maintenance inhaler(for everyday use), no medical direction orders
What is the action of a MDI
bronchodilator
What form does an MDI come in
powder/mist
What is the route of administration for an MDI
inhalation
What are the side effects of an MDI
anxiety, tachycardia, muscle tremors, coughing
How many minutes should one wait between administering doses of an MDI
5 minutes
What are the indications of administering Albuterol via a nebulizer treatment
Treatment of bronchospasm with reversible obstructive airway disease, signs and symptoms of SOB, current prescription for rescuer inhaler type MDI
What are the contraindications of giving albuterol via a nebulizer
Hypersensitivity, unconscious i.e. unable to physically use the device, maximum dose reached prior to arrival, no medical direction orders
what is the action of albuterol given via a nebulizer
bronchodilator
What form does albuterol take when given via a nebulizer and what is the route of administration
a mist that is inhaled via a nebulizer
what is the adult dosage for albuterol administered via a nebulizer
2.5 mg in 3mL saline
What is the pediatric dosage of albuterol administered via a nebulizer treatment
1.25 mg in 3 mL saline
What are the side effects of albuterol administered via a nebulizer
restlessness, tremors, dizziness, palpitations, tachycardia, nervousness, peripheral vasodilation, nausea, vomiting, hyperglycemia, increased BP, paradoxical bronchospasm
What should the flow rate be if an oxygen tank is attached to administer the nebulizer treatment
O2 tank or air compressor is required
6-8 lpm
What are the indications of administering ipratropium bromide via a nebulizer treatment
treatment of bronchospasm with reversible obstructive airway disease, signs and symptoms of SOB, current prescription for rescuer inhaler type MDI
what are the contraindications of administering ipratropium bromide via a nebulizer treatment
hypersensitivity, unconscious i.e. unable to use the device, maximum dose reached prior to arrival, bromide hypersensitivity, no medical direction orders
what is the purpose of ipratropium bromide administration
bronchodilator
what is the adult dosage for ipratropium bromide administration
500 mg in 3mL saline
what is the pediatric dosage for administering ipratropium bromide
250 mg in 3mL saline
What are the side effects of ipratropium bromide being administered via a nebulizer
restlessness, tachycardia, anxiety, hypertension, chest pain of cardiac origin
What should the flow rate be when administering ipratropium bromide via a nebulizer
6-8 lpm
what risk does administering ipratropium bromide pose
may cause arrhythmias
what are the indications of administering aspirin
acute chest pain indicative of cardiac problems
what are the contraindications of aspirin
hypersensitivity, unconscious, unable to swallow, allergic to aspirin, evidence of a recent or current severe internal bleed, bleeding disorder; no medical direction orders
what is the action of aspirin
platelet inhibitor, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory agent
What is the dosage of aspirin that can be given
162-325 mg; 1 adult tablet or 4 baby aspirin at 81 mg each
What is the route of administration for aspirin
oral or chewed(PO)
What are the side effects of aspirin
heartburn, GI bleeding/stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, wheezing in allergic patients, prolonged bleeding
What is a caution when giving aspirin to patient
anticoagulants: if they are taking any other blood thinning medication
What are the indications of nitro
acute chest pain indicative of cardiac problem
what are the contraindications of nitro
hypersensitivity, systolic bp <100 mmHg, intracranial bleeding or head injury, pt has already had maximum dose, pt has taken erectile dysfunction medications in the last 24 hours, no medical direction orders
What is the action of nitro
vasodilator
What form can nitro be administered in
spray or tablet
What is the dosage of nitro and how many doses can be given
1 spray or 1 tablet at .3 or .4 mg; a total of 3 doses can be given
How is nitro administered
sublingually
What are the side effects of nitro
headache, tingling under the tongue, hypotension, syncope, flushing, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, muscle twitching
What are the indication for administering glucose
Change in mental status, history of diabetes, BGL <80mg/dL
What are the contraindications of glucose
unconscious; unable to swallow, suspected stroke, nausea, vomiting, no medical direction orders
What is the action that glucose has on the body
raises blood sugar
What form does glucose come in
Gel, tablet
What is the dosage of glucose and how many doses can be given
1 tube or 15 g; up to 2 doses can be given
How many minutes should pass between each dose of glucose
5 minutes
What is the route of administration for glucose
Oral/Buccal(PO)
What are the side effects of glucose administration
Hyperglycemia, nausea, vomiting
What is it important to remember before giving glucose
Hint: regarding airway
patient must have a patient airway and be able to follow commands
What are the indications of narcan
Respiratory depression secondary to opioid overdose
What are the contraindications of narcan
Hypersensitivity and no medical direction orders
What is the action of narcan
competitive narcotic antagonist
What form does narcan come in
liquid
What is the dosage of narcan and how many doses can be administered
2.0 mg, 1 mg in each nare
Repeat dosing as needed until respirations are restored
What is the route of administration for narcan
Intranasal/Intramuscular(IN/IM)
What are the side effects of narcan
withdrawal syndrome, tachycardia, hypertension, dysthymias, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, combativeness
What MIGHT happen if narcan is overused
noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
What are the indications if activated charcoal
some oral poisoning and medication overdoses
What medication overdoses can activated charcoal be used for
aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen
What are the contraindications of activated charcoal
unconscious, unable to swallow, ingestion of alkali poisons, hydrocarbon, petroleum distillate, corrosive substances, cyanide, ethanol, iron, lithium, methanol, mineral acids, organic solvents, or heavy metals; simultaneous administration with other oral drugs, no medical direction orders
What is the action of activated charcoal
adsorbent
What else can be in activated charcoal besides an absorbent
a laxative
What is the adult dosage for administering activated charcoal
1g/kg: 30 to 100g
What is the pediatric dosage for activated charcoal
15-30 g
What is the ratio of charcoal to water
1:4
What are the side effects of activated charcoal
black, tarry stools, nausea, vomiting, constipation
What is the administration consideration for activated charcoal
many activated charcoal preparations are premixed with sorbitol, an artificial sweetener and laxative
What are the indications of epinephrine
Signs of severe allergic reaction causing airway, breathing, and/or circulatory compromise; anaphylactic reaction
What are the contraindications of epinephrine
None when used in life-threatening emergency, no medical direction orders
What is the action of epinephrine
bronchodilator, vasoconstrictor
What form does epinephrine come in
liquid
What is the adult dosage of epinephrine and how many doses can be given
0.3 mg and maximum of two doses
How many minutes apart should epinephrine doses for adults be given
5 minutes
What is the pediatric dose of epinephrine and how many doses can be given
.15 mg and only one dose maximum should be given
Do Epi-Pens have a set amount of epinephrine in them
yes
What is the route in which epinephrine is administered
Intramuscular(IM)
What are the side effects of epinephrine
Hypertension, tachycardia, headache, burning at the injection site, anxiety, sweating, pale skin, palpations, dizziness
What MIGHT happen if epinephrine is given to a child
syncope
What is the main administration consideration when giving epinephrine to an adult
consultation with medical control if the patient has a history of heart disease or ACS
What is the indication for giving Benadryl
Mild allergic reactions
What are the contraindications for giving Benadryl
Hypersensitivity, asthma, glaucoma, pregnancy, hypertension, infants, monoamine oxidase inhibitor(MAO) usage; type of psychiatric medication, alcohol usage, no medical direction orders
What is the action of Benadryl
antihistamine
What form does Benadryl come in
Tablet
What is the proper dosage of Benadryl to administer
25-50 mg
What is the route that Benadryl is given
Oral(PO)
What are the side effects of Benadryl
Sleepiness, dry mouth, dry throat; for some people Benadryl has the opposite effect and causes hyperactivity
Can you still use Benadryl in the case of a severe allergic reaction, if so when
Yes, after epinephrine has been administered
What are the indications for Tylenol
Relief of mild pain or fever, headache, muscle aches
What are the contraindications of administering Tylenol
Hypersensitivity, no medical direction orders
What is the action of Tylenol
antipyretic, analgesic
What is the dose and form that Tylenol can be given in
Tablet; 500-1000 mg
What route is Tylenol administered by
Oral(PO)
What are the side effects of Tylenol administration
Allergic reaction
What are the indications for ibuprofen administration
Relief of mild pain, or fever, headache, muscle aches
What are the contraindications for ibuprofen administration
Hypersensitivity, no medical direction orders
What is the action of ibuprofen
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID)
What is the dosage and form for ibuprofen to be given
200-400mg in a tablet form
What is the route of administration for ibuprofen
Oral(PO)
What are the side effects of ibuprofen
Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding, allergic reactions
What medication could have a potentially harmful interaction with ibuprofen
Aspirin
