Medical Terminology Flashcards
1
Q
Describe Standard Anatomical Position
A
Standing, Face Forward, Arms at the side, Palms facing forward, Thumbs out
2
Q
What is prone position
A
Face down
3
Q
What is supine position
A
Face up
4
Q
What is Fowler’s position
A
Seated upright , legs may be bent(60 to 90 degree angle)
5
Q
What is semi-Fowler’s position
A
Legs straight out, back at 45 degree angle
Hint: usually position used when patient is on stretcher
6
Q
What is Trendelenburg’s position
A
Legs of patient elevated to 45 degree angle, whole body tilted downward. Be sure to secure them above the shoulders to prevent them from sliding.
7
Q
What is modified Trendelenburg’s position
A
Patient is kept supine(face up & level with the ground), bent at hips and legs are elevated
8
Q
What are the lateral recumbent positions
A
Right lateral recumbent & left lateral recumbent
9
Q
What is known as the recovery position
A
Left lateral recumbent(aka patient placed on their left side)
10
Q
What do right and left refer to
A
PATIENTS right & left
Hint: in terms of the patient
11
Q
What are the planes of the body
A
Straight lines that divide the body into sections; Sagittal, Transverse, and Frontal
12
Q
What is the frontal plane
A
Divides the body along the midaxillary line into the anterior and position portions of the body
13
Q
What part of the body is being referred to when the word ‘anterior’ is used
A
The front surface of the body
14
Q
What part of the body is designated when using the word ‘posterior’
A
The back part of the body
15
Q
What is the midaxillary line
A
Imaginary vertical line from the middle of the armpit to the ankle; divides body into anterior and posterior positions
16
Q
What is another word for the frontal plane
A
Coronal plane
17
Q
What is another word used in place of anterior
A
Ventral
18
Q
What is another word used in place of posterior
A
Dorsal
19
Q
What is the sagittal plane
A
Divides the body into a right and left section via the midline
20
Q
What is the midline
A
Imaginary line through the middle of the body
21
Q
What is the word medial referring to
A
Toward the midline of the body
22
Q
What does the word lateral refer to
A
Away from the midline of the body
23
Q
What is the midclavicular line
A
Imaginary vertical lines through the mid-portion of each clavicle(collar bone)
24
Q
On the posterior portion of the body what is the word used instead of midclavicular
A
midscapular
25
What is the transverse plane
Divides the body horizontally(around the hips into a top and bottom portion)
26
What does the word proximal refer to
Moving closer to the original point of attachment(in reference to the skeleton)
27
What does the word distal refer to
Moving farther away from the original point of attachment(approaching the end of an extremity)
28
What is the word superior referring to
Moving closer to the head
29
What is the word inferior referring to
Moving closer to the feet
30
What is superficial referring to
Moving closer to the surface of the skin
31
What is deep referring to in reference to the body
Moving further from the surface of the skin or deeper inside the body
32
What is the term apices or apex referring to
The tip or topmost portion of a structure
33
Where is the apex of the heart located
At the bottom portion(INFERIOR)
34
What is the term bases referring to
Bottom portion of a structure
35
What is the term bilateral referring to
Appearing on both sides of the midline(ex: eyes and lungs)
36
What does the term unilateral refer to
Appearing on only one side of the midline
37
What is carbonic acid
The acid of carbon dioxide
38
What does ‘adequate perfusion’ mean
There is adequate oxygenation(income of oxygen) and removal of carbon dioxide from the cells of the body along with adequate nutrient delivery
39
What is referred to by the trunk of the body
The core of the body(abdomen and chest)
40
What are the arteries of the body responsible for
Removing oxygenated blood from the heart and bringing it to the rest of the body
41
What are veins responsible for
Bringing deoxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart to be oxygenated
42
What is the bodies largest artery
Aorta
43
Where do the superior & inferior vena cavae meet
The right atrium of the heart
44
what is the axial skeleton comprised of
Skull, facial bones, spinal column, and rib cage
*protects heart, lungs, and other important organs*
45
What is the appendicular skeleton comprised of
joints, upper extremities, pelvis, and lower extremities
46
What is the cranium
4 bones that protect the brain(rigid)
47
What is the foramen magnum
Large opening at the base of the skull where brain connects to the spinal cord
48
How many vertebrae is the spinal column comprised of
33
49
How many sections do the vertebrae divides into & what are they
5 sections; cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx
50
How many bones are in the cervical section of the spinal column
7
51
How many bones are in the thoracic portion of the spinal column
12
52
What else is the thoracic cavity comprised of
12 pairs of ribs, and the heart, lungs, esophagus, and other great vessels
53
How many bones are in the lumbar portion of the spine
5
54
Where in the lumbar potion of the spine does the spinal cord end
L1-2
55
How many bones are in the sacrum
5
56
Are the bones fused in the sacrum
Yes, they fuse between 16-18
57
How many bones are in the coccyx
4
58
Are the bones of the coccyx fused
Yes
59
What is the spinal column
The central supporting structure of the body which also encases the spinal cord
60
How many ribs do we have
12
61
What ribs are considered floating ribs?
11 & 12
62
Where do the other 10 ribs attach to
The sternum
63
How many bones are in the sternum and what are they
3 bones: Manubrium(superior), Body(middle), and Xiphloid process(inferior)
64
What other bones are near the ribs
Clavicle and Scapula
65
What portion of the body are the scapula(shoulder blades) located in
Posterior(back)
66
What three bones join together to form the shoulder girdle
Clavicle, Scapula, and Humerus
67
What is the supporting bone of the upper extremities
Humerus
68
What bones are in the forearm and where are they located
Radius & Ulna: Radius is on the lateral side when the body is in anatomical position and the Ulna is on the medial side
69
What are the bones of the wrist called and how many are there
Carpals and 8
70
What are the bones of the hand called and how many are there
Metacarpals and 5
71
What are the bones of the finger called? How many are there in total? How many in each finger?
Phalanges. 14 in total. 3 in each finger, 2 in each thumb
72
What bones form the Pelvic girdle
Hint: 4
Sacrum, coccyx, two coxae(hip bones), and a closed bony ring
73
What three bones fused for form the pelvic bones
ilium, ischium, pubis
74
What is the pubic symphysis
Hint: what joins there
The location where right and left pubis are joined
75
What is the longest bone in the body
Femur
76
Where does the femur join with the pelvis
Acetabulum
77
What is the name of what is commonly known as the "hip joint"
Greater trochanter of the femur
78
What is the patella referring to
Knee cap
79
What are the two bones of the leg and what is there anatomical position
Tibia and Fibula; the tibia is medial while the fibula is lateral
80
How many tarsal bones are there in the foot
7
81
What is the ankle bone called
Talus
82
What is the medical name for what we commonly call the heel
Calcaneus
83
How many metatarsal bones are there and what do they do for the foot
5 bones & they form substance of the foot
84
What are the bones of the toes called
Hint: same as fingers
Phalanges
85
What attaches to the calcaneus
The Achilles tendon
86
How are joints formed
Bones connecting to other bones
87
What do ligaments do for joints
Ligaments hold together the bone end of joints
88
What determines the strength of a joint
Movement
89
Fewer ligaments indicate what
More movement but higher susceptibility to dislocation
90
What body parts rely on hinge joints for movement
The finger & knee
91
What joint part relies on the use of a ball & socket joint
Hip joint
92
What kinds of motion are allowed by ball and socket joints
Front & back motion and lateral & medial motion
93
What is the pivot joint
The pivot joint is special as it is what allows our head to move
94
What is another name of the pivot joint
atlas and axis joint
95
Why is the pivot joint called the Altas and axis joint
The atlas, C1, holds our cranium and pivots on C2 which is known as the axis bone making it the pivot joint & very special at that
96
What are the special joint of the wrist
Hint: 3
Saddle, condyloid, and gliding
97
The saddle and condyloid joint have the same function in terms of movement they allow, what are they?
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
98
What is the function of gliding joints
gliding movement like rotating and twisting
99
What are the components of our musculoskeletal anatomy
bones, muscles, and connective tissue
100
What are the three kinds of connective tissue found in the musculoskeletal system
tendons, ligaments, and cartilage
101
What are tendons
connection point between muscle and bone
102
What are ligaments
connection point between bones (bone to bone connection)
103
What is cartilage
structural tissue (ex: nose and ears)
104
What kind of muscle is voluntary (controlled by us)
Skeletal
105
What kind of muscle is involuntary(not controlled by us)
cardiac and smooth muscle
106
What is the job of involuntary muscles
Carry out automatic functions of the body such as control the blood flow to organs and control bowel & bladder
107
Where are involuntary muscles found
Cardiac: Heart only
Smooth: GI tract(digestive system), urinary system, blood vessels, and bronchi(respiratory system)
108
What is the lumen
Space where nutrients travel to move into body systems
109
Do muscles line the lumen, if so what kind?
Yes, smooth muscle lines the lumen
110
What happens to the lumen when muscles contract
The diameter narrows in response to muscle contraction
111
For how long does cardiac muscle function in the human body
Gestation to death
112
How is voluntary muscle attached to bones
Tendons
113
How does the body move
The body moves by contraction and relaxation of voluntary muscle
114
What happens when there is involuntary contraction of voluntary muscles
Shivering- generates heat to increase body temperature
115
What controls voluntary muscle
Nervous system
116
How do electrical impulses travel from the brain to each muscle
Spinal cord & peripheral nerves
117
What arteries are responsible for blood supply
Coronary arteries
118
What is flexion
Hint: muscle movement
reduction of angle between bones
119
What is extension
increase of the angle between bones
120
what is adduction
motion toward the midline of the body
121
what is abduction
motion away from the midline of the body
122
what is supination
rotation of the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly(up)
123
what is pronation
rotation of the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly(down)
124
what is dorsiflexion
flexion of the entire foot superiorly
125
what is plantar flexion
flexion of the entire foot inferiorly
126
what is inversion
movement of the sole toward the midline
127
what is eversion
movement of the sole of the foot away from the midline
128
what divides the upper and lower airway
larynx
129
what is the common name for thyroid cartilage
adams apple
130
what is located in the lower airway
thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and trachea
131
what is the ending point of the trachea
carina
132
what bone located in the upper airway allows for speech
hyoid bone
133
What holds the lungs in place
trachea, arteries & veins, and pulmonary ligaments
134
how many lobes are in the right lung
3
135
how many lobes are in the left lung
2
136
what organ causes for only two lobes in the left lung
heart
137
how many major bronchi are located in the right lung
3
138
how many major bronchi are located in the left lung
2
139
what are the pulmonary arteries responsible for
carrying deoxygenated blood into the lung
140
where does gas exchange occur in the lungs
alveoli(capillaries)
141
what is the role of the pulmonary veins
carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart
142
how many minutes can the brain and nervous system survive without oxygen
4 to 6 minutes
143
what is the primary muscle of breathing
diaphragm
144
what is the active part if the respiratory cycle
inhalation
145
what happens to your diaphragm muscles during inhalation
they contract and your diaphragm flattens
146
when your diaphragm flattens during inhalation how does that affect the size of your thoracic cavity and lung pressure
thoracic cavity increase and lung pressure decreases
147
what is the passive part of the respiratory cycle
exhalation
148
what happens to your diaphragm muscles during exhalation
the relax and your diaphragm returns to the original dome shape
149
how does exhalation affect the size of your thoracic cavity and lung pressure
your lung pressure increases and size of the thoracic cavity decreases
150
what is ventilation
the act of breathing
151
what is respiration
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli and tissues
152
what biological process allows oxygen to be transported to the cells of the body and CO2 to be removed as waste
diffusion
153
define diffusion
passive process where molecules move from high concentration to a low concentration
154
air flows into the alveoli through what
the alveolar duct
155
during the exchange of CO2 and O2; oxygen enters __ while CO2 enters __
oxygen enters the blood while CO2 enters the alveoli
156
what controls breathing
brainstem
157
what specifically in the brainstem controls breathing
chemoreceptors
158
when levels of CO2 are too high what happens to your respiratory rate
it increases
159
when levels of CO2 are too low what happens to your respiratory rate
it decreases
160
what is the pH of blood
7.4, slightly basic
161
What is tidal volume and what in the normal level in an average adult
Tidal volume is the amount of air moved into and out of the lungs in a single breath which is about 500mL on average
162
what is residual volume
residual volume is the gas that remains in the lungs to keep them open
163
what is inspiration reserve volume
the maximum amount of air that can be stored in the lungs after you take the deepest breath you can
164
what is expiratory reserve volume
the maximum amount of air you can forcibly breathe out
165
what is the normal system used to control respiration
hypercarbic drive
166
what levels are monitored by the hypercarbic drive
CO2 levels
167
what is the backup system used to control respiration
hypoxic drive
168
what levels do the hypoxic drive monitor
O2 levels
169
What is dead space
the portion of the respiratory system that has no alveoli and little to no exchange of gas between air and blood occurs
170
what is minute volume
the amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs in one minute
171
what is the formula to calculate minute volume
respiratory rate multiplied by tidal volume(amt of air moved in and out of lungs in a single breath)
172
what are the two types of circulation
systematic and pulmonary
173
what aids in systematic circulation
the aorta
174
where does blood enter the heart to be transported to the aorta which allows for circulation throughout the body
left ventricle
175
why are there one way values in the circulatory system
to prevent the flow of blood into the heart chambers
176
when do heart sounds occur
when the valves close
177
what sound is made when the ventricles contract
lub
178
what sound is made then the ventricles relax
dup
179
what controls the signals that allow the heart to beat
sinus node
180
how is the electrical current coordinated in the heart
the simultaneous contraction of the atria and the ventricles(atria first then ventricles)
181
where do electrical impulses begin
SA node
182
Where is the SA node located in the heart
right atrium
183
where do electrical impulses travel to after the SA node
atrioventricular(AV) node
184
From the AV node, where does the electrical impulse of the heartbeat travel to
purkinje fibers
185
From the purkinje fibers where does the electrical impulse of the heartbeat travel to
myocardium of the ventricles
186
When can this system be disrupted(heartbeat)
heart is deprived of oxygen, injured or dies
187
When reading an ECG what waves are you looking for
depolarization and repolarization
188
what happens during depolarization(ECG)
electrical charge activates heart cells: atria first then ventricles
189
what happens during repolarization seen on an ECG
heart returns to the resting state
190
what is the normal resting heart rate
60 to 100 bpm
191
what is stroke volume
amount of blood moved by one beat of the heart
192
what is the cardiac output
amount of blood moved in one minute
193
what is the formula for calculating cardiac output(CO)
heart rate multiplied by stroke volume
194
what is the function of the arteries
carry blood from the heart to all body tissues
195
what is vasodilation
dilation of the arteries
196
what is vasoconstriction
contraction of the arteries
197
what is it called when pressure can be felt traveling through the arteries
a pulse
198
what connects the arteries to the capillaries
arterioles
199
what connects arterioles to venules
capillaries
200
what is the function of the capillaries
nutrient and waste exchange between tissue cells and blood
201
what must occur in the capillaries for fluid to leave
hydrostatic pressure must exceed plasma oncotic pressure
202
what must occur in the capillaries for fluid to enter
hydrostatic pressure must be less than plasma oncotic pressure
203
what connects the capillaries to the veins
venules
204
what happens to vein size as they approach the heart
increase in size
205
what do veins do
carry blood back to the heart
206
Where is the spleen located
under the rib-cage in the left upper part of the abdomen
207
what is the function of the spleen
filters worn out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria from the blood
208
is the spleen susceptible to injury from blunt trauma
yes it is high vascular(composed of a lot of blood vessels)
209
what bodily system is the spleen said to be the center of
lymphatic system(immune system)
210
What is the blood composed of
Plasma, cells, nutrients, cellular waste, and hormones
211
What is blood plasma composed of
Water, electrolytes, and hormones
212
What are blood cells composed of
RBC(erythrocytes), WBC(leukocytes), and platelets(aid in blood clotting)
213
What component of the blood carries oxygen to organs
RBCs
214
What are RBCs filled with
Hemoglobin(which binds to oxygen)
215
What are the purpose of WBCs
Fight infection and remove toxins
216
What is blood plasma
Fluid that Carrie’s blood cells and nutrients
217
What controls your pulse
The pressure felt as the heart pumps blood into the arteries
218
What controls your blood pressure
Amount of force exerted against the wall of the arteries
219
What controls your systolic blood pressure
ventricle contraction
220
what controls your diastolic blood pressure
ventricle contraction
221
At what pressure and volume does blood flow normally
Low pressure and high volume
222
At what pressure and volume is blood pressure elevated, therefore restricting blood flow
High pressure and low volume
223
What is it called when the body acts to constrict the blood vessels in order to increase blood pressure
Systemic vascular resistance(SVR)
224
What is resistance in terms of blood flow
Reduction of the diameter of the arteries and veins
225
How is pressure determined in blood flow
Pressure is determined based on the flow of blood against resistance
226
What part of the heart most affects your pulse
Left ventricle contraction
227
Where are pulses stronger
Closer to the heart
228
What kind of pulses are the most common
Carotid, Femoral, Brachial, Radial, Posterior Tibial, and Dorsalis Pedis
229
What hormone is released by the sympathetic portion of the nervous system
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
230
What receptors are to be activated by epinephrine and norepinephrine
adrenergic receptors
231
What is the main function of the parasympathetic control of the nervous system nd what hormone does it release
reduce heart rate and blood pressure, reverse effects of the adrenergic receptors
hormone release: acetylcholine
232
What kind of receptors sense pressure in blood vessels
baroreceptors
233
what receptors are found in blood vessels
alpha-adrenergic receptors
234
what receptors are found in the heart and lungs
beta-adrenergic receptors
235
What do baroreceptors do to normalize blood pressure
Send signals to increase blood pressure: blood vessels constrict and heart rate increase to normalize pressure
236
When you stand up quickly your blood is traveling with or against gravity
against gravity(upward)
237
what are the two main portions of the nervous system
central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
238
what is the CNS composed of
brain and spinal cord
239
what is the PNS composed of
nerves outside brain and spinal cord
240
What are the main subdivisions of the brain
cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem
241
what is the cerebrum responsible for
controls sensation, thought, conscious movement, and associative memory
242
what is the cerebellum responsible for
coordinates muscle activity and balance
243
what is the brainstem responsible for
maintains basic vital life functions
244
what is cerebrospinal fluid responsible for
cushioning for the brain and transportation of nutrients
245
what major artery supplies oxygenated blood to the brain
carotid arteries
246
what vein drains deoxygenated blood from the body
internal and external jugular veins
247
What connects the brain to the rest of the body
spinal cord
248
What acts as the first connection to the peripheral nervous system
spinal nerves
249
where does the spinal cord end
between 1st and 3rd lumbar vertebrae
250
What nerves make up the peripheral nervous system
Cranial, somatic sensory, somatic motor, and autonomic nerves
251
What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for
Involuntary control of essential body functions like h.r. and b.p.
252
What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
253
what is the common response used to describe the sympathetic nervous system
fight or flight
254
what is the common phrase used to describe the parasympathetic nervous system
rest and digest
255
What controls the nervous system
neurotransmitters, hormones, and receptors
256
what is the purpose of the skin
protect the body from the external environment, regulate body temperature, and transmission of information from the environment to the brain
257
what is the fascia
supporting matrix for tissues
258
what is the top layer of the skin called
epidermis
259
what is the bottom layer of the skin called
dermis
260
what is the waterproof layer of the epidermis called
stratum corneum
261
under the stratum corneum, what is the next layer called
germinal layer
262
what is the function of the germinal layer
grow new cells, pick up pigment, and form a tough protective layer as cells mature
263
what is located in the dermis
blood vessels, sweat glands, nerves, and hair follicles/sebaceous(oil) glands
264
now, there’s another layer of the skin below the dermis, what is it called
subcutaneous tissue
265
what is located in the subcutaneous tissue
adipose tissue: elastin and collagen fibers, macrophages, and blood vessels
266
what is the largest organ of the body
the skin
267
What is our second major body cavity
Abdominal cavity
268
How many quadrants are in the abdominal cavity and what are they
4; right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower
269
Where is the liver located in the abdominal cavity
Right upper quadrant
270
Where is the gallbladder located in the abdominal cavity
Right upper quadrant
271
Where is the right kidney located in the abdominal cavity
Right upper quadrant
272
What organ is located in both upper quadrants of the abdominal cavity
Pancreas
273
Where is the stomach located in the abdominal cavity
Left upper quadrant
274
Where is the spleen located in the abdominal cavity
Left upper quadrant
275
Where is the left kidney located in the abdominal cavity
Left upper quadrant
276
Where is the appendix located in the abdominal cavity
Right lower quadrant
277
Where is the bladder located in the abdominal cavity
Right lower quadrant
278
What reproductive organ is located in both lower quadrants of the abdominal cavity
Ovaries
279
What organ is located in all 4 quadrants of the abdominal cavity
Colon
280
How can we categorize digestive organs
Solid versus Hollow
281
What is the digestive system pathway
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
282
What does the epiglottis do
Covers the trachea to prevent food inhalation
283
Is the stomach a hollow or solid organ
Hollow
284
What is the role of the stomach in digestion
Secretes acid to help break down food
285
what are the two portions of the pancreas
exocrine and endocrine
286
Is the pancreas a solid or hollow organ
solid
287
what is the function of the exocrine portion of the pancreas
secreting pancreatic juice containing enzymes which aid in digestion
288
what is the function of the endocrine portion of the pancreas
produces insulin and glucagon
289
is the liver a solid or hollow organ
solid
290
what is the function of the liver
storage of sugar or starch for immediate use by the body for energy, filtering harmful substances, and forming factors needed for blood clotting and normal plasma production
291
what is the function of the gallbladder
storage of bile between meals
292
what connects the liver to the intestine
bile ducts
293
what are the purpose of bile ducts
carrying bile from the liver to the gallbladder where the bile is store to the duodenum
294
what are the components of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
295
what is the function of the small intestine
absorbs nutrient and water
296
is the small intestine a solid or hollow organ
hollow
297
what components make up the large intestine
cecum, colon, rectum
298
what is the function of the large intestine
absorb water and condense waste into feces
299
what is the appendix
a 3-4 inch tube that opens into the cecum in the RLQ of the abdomen
300
What is the function of the rectum
storage site for feces
301
What is the overall function of the digestive (GI) system
addition of enzymes to food and conversion of food into basic sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids
302
What is the role of the lymphatic system
support the circulatory and immune systems
303
what is the purpose of lymph in the body
carry oxygen and nutrients to cells and waste products away from cells as well as removing other toxins and harmful materials from the body
304
what is the function of the spleen
helps get rid of body toxins and other harmful materials: aids in lymphatic circulation
305
What is the function of the endocrine system
Send complex messages and control systems, integrates many bodily functions, and releases hormones directly into the bloodstream
306
What connects the brain to the endocrine system
Hypothalamus
307
What is the role of the hypothalamus
Controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, and circadian cycles
308
What gland does the hypothalamus control in terms of hormone release
Pituitary
309
What is the master gland of the endocrine system
Pituitary
310
What is another name for the pancreas
Islets of Langerhans
311
What are the three lines of defense of the immune system
Anatomic barriers, inflammatory response, and immune response
312
What are anatomic barriers and what function do they have
Skin & mucosae which are physical barriers that provide protection
313
What is another name for the inflammatory response
innate immune system
314
What is another name for the immune response
Adaptive immune system
315
What is the function of the immune system
Protect against invaders and recognize antigens to generate antibodies against them
316
What are the innate leukocytes of the human body
macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and more
317
What acts as a protectorate to the human body during the adaptive immune response
lymphocytes
318
What are T lymphocytes and where are the produced
produced in the thymus before puberty to attack invaders directly, and assist B lymphocytes
319
What are B lymphocytes and where are they produced
B lymphocytes produce antibodies and they are produced in the bone marrow
320
After what period of the immune response are antibodies and effector T cells produced
the first exposure
321
is active immunity long term or short term and how do you know
long term because memory cells are formed by the individual causing a lesser infection the second time an exposure occurs(antibodies are formed)
322
is passive immunity long term or short term and how do you know
short term because the antibodies are provided to the individual
323
what is the center of the immune system
the spleen
324
what function does the spleen serve for the immune system
concentrated with lymphocytes which are part of our bodies adaptive immune response
325
What is the function of the urinary system
removes wastes from the blood, controls fluid balance in body and controls pH balance
326
What drains waste from the kidney to the bladder
a ureter
327
what is the function of the kidney in the urinary system
remove toxic waste products from the blood and control the balance of water and salt
328
what does the bladder empty into
the urethra
329
what kind of muscle lines the bladder
smooth muscle
330
how many L of urine a day does a health adult form
1.5 to 2
331
What is the function of the reproductive system
regulate development and maturation as well as allowing for the continuation of the species
