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INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY > pharmocokinetics > Flashcards

pharmocokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

what is pharmacokinetics

A

the study of drug movement throughout the body. it focuses on what the body does to drugs after they are administered

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2
Q

drugs need to travel across many different

A

membranes and barriers

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3
Q

the drug’s travel is influenced by

A

factors related to the drug

factors related to the membranes

factors related to the transportation

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4
Q

cell membrane is a______ structure

A

dynamic

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5
Q

factors affecting the movement of drug from outside of the cell to inside of cell

A
  • size
  • lipid solubility
  • ionization of molecule
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6
Q

drugs can use different ways to cross the plasma membrane

A

passive diffusion and facilitated

active transport

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7
Q

does passive diffusion require energy?

A

no

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8
Q

does facilitated diffusion require energy?

A

no

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9
Q

what is facilitated diffusion

A

is also known as facilitated transport or passive-mediated transport. it is the process whereby molecules such as glucose, sodium ions, and potassium ions cross through a cell membrane via carrier proteins down a concentration gradient without consumption of energy

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10
Q

does active transport requires energy?

A

yes . ATP

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11
Q

what is active transport?

A

movements of chemicals against a concentration gradient. fromm lower to higher concentration

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12
Q

primary processes of pharmacokinetics

A

absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

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13
Q

what is absorption?

A

process involving the movement of drug from the site of administration , across body membranes to the blood stream

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14
Q

most drugs are absorbed except for

A

intravenous or intra-arterial drugs

GI-anti infective/ deworming drugs

radiologic contrast media

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15
Q

factors affecting drug absorption

A

route of administration

drug formulation (ORAL/IV)

drug dosage

digestive motility- slower move- higher absorption

size of drug molecule

blood flow at administration site (IV/IM OR SL)

degree of ionization of drug

pH of surrounding environment

drug-drug/food/herbal interactions

high fatty foods- slow absorption

hydrophilic/ lipophilic

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16
Q

what is bioavailability of drug

A

the extent to which the active drug ingredient enters the systematic circulation and gains access to the site of action

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17
Q

formula of bioavalibility

A

quantity of drug reaching the systematic circulation/ quantity of drug administered

18
Q

distribution involves the

A

transportation of drugs throughout the body

19
Q

factors determining drug distribution

A

blood flow

physical properties of drugs

plasma protein binding

barriers

20
Q

organs with more blood flow such as liver, kidneys, heart have _____ distribution of drugs compare to organs with ______ blood flow

A

higher, lower

21
Q

__________ drug and certain tissues such as ________ have a _________ affinity/attraction for certain medications

A

lipid soluble, bone marrows, higher

22
Q

how is drug-protein complexes forms

A

drug molecules form drug-protein complexes by binding reversibly to plasma protein

23
Q

can drug-protein complexes cross capillary membranes?

A

yes

24
Q

only _______ drugs can reach target tissues

A

unbound

25
Q

drugs with ______ affinity for plasma protein will displace those with ______ affinity

A

weaker

26
Q

what drugs have a high affinity for adipose tissues

A

thiopental, valium, fat soluble vitamins

27
Q

what drugs have a high affinity for bones and teeth tissues

A

tetracycline

28
Q

what drugs have a high affinity for eyes tissues

A

chloroquine

29
Q

what drugs have a high affinity for muscle

A

digoxin

30
Q

________ ( used to treat malaria) have high affinity to eye can damage the _______ in high doses

A

chloroquine, retine

31
Q

what is a blood barrier brain?

A

a barrier that protects the brain from pathogens and toxins

32
Q

structure of a blood barrier brain

A

it does not contain pores

lipid-soluble drugs able to cross

33
Q

what medications can cross the blood barrier brain?

A

sedatives, L-dopa (used for Parkinson’s diesease ), antianxiety drugs

34
Q

what is a Parkinson’s disease

A

it is a neurodegenerative condition, leads to the difficulty to walk, balance, tremors loss of facial expressions

35
Q

what are the two types of barrier?

A

blood-brain barrier

fetal-placental barrier

36
Q

what is metabolism

A

a biochemical reaction that changes the activity of a drug and makes it more likely to be excreted

37
Q

the primary site of metabolism

A

liver

38
Q

metabolism is done by the _________ enzymes

A

hepatic microsomal enzymes

39
Q

the main system of enzymes in the hepatic microsomal system is

A

cytochrome P450

40
Q

what do these cythochrome P450 do?

A

determine the at which drug is metabolized.

contribute largely to dru-drug interactions

INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY (5 decks)

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