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INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY > autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

nervous system _______ the body activitiy to maintain _________ when there is a _______ to the _______ __________.

A

coordinates, homeostasis, change, environmental conditions

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2
Q

to able to mantain homeostasis, the nervous system must

A
  1. recognize the changes in the in internal and external environment
  2. process and integrate the perceived environmental changes
  3. react to the environmental changes by producing a response
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3
Q

nervous system has two major divisions which are

A

the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

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4
Q

the CNS consists of

A

brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

function of a brain

A

receives and process sensory information, initiates responses, stores, memories generates thoughts and emotions

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6
Q

function of a spinal cord

A

conducts signals to and from the brain, control reflex activities

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7
Q

PNS consists of

A

all nervous tissues outside the CNS such as sensory and motor neurons which we can afferent and efferent pathways.

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8
Q

sotamic nervous system controls

A

voluntary movements

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9
Q

autonomic nervous system controls

A

involuntary nervous responses

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10
Q

pathway of motor neurons

A

CNS to muscles and glands

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11
Q

pathway of sensory neurons

A

sensory organs to CNS

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12
Q

sympathetic division is also known as

A

fight or flight

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13
Q

parasympathetic division is also known as

A

rest or digest

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14
Q

autonomic nervous system controls

A

smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, exocrine glands and some endocrine glands

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15
Q

what is a synaptic gap/ synapse

A

a gap between communicating neurons which are presynaptic neuron and postsynaptic neuron

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16
Q

what are the two type of synapses

A

1) adrenergic

2) cholinergic

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17
Q

what are neurotransmitters

A

chemical for neurons to communicate

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18
Q

examples of neurotransmitters

A

Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Acetylcholine

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19
Q

what are receptor

A

a molecular structure or site on the surface of a cell that binds with substances such as hormones, antigens, drugs or neurotransmitters

20
Q

what are the functions of autonomic nervous system ?

A
  • controls involuntary responses by influencing organs, glands and smooth muscles
21
Q

Autonomic system consist of 2 divisions which are

A

1) sympathetic nervous system

2) parasympathetic nervous system

22
Q

sympathetic nervous system is activated in conditions of __________ and produces ____________

A

stress, fight or flight response

23
Q

parasympathetic nervous system activated in ______________ circumstances and produces a ______________ state.

A

non-stressful circumstances , rest-and-digest state

24
Q

what is the synapse & receptor of sympathetic division called?

A

adrenergic synapse , adregenic receptors

25
Q

what is the synapse & receptor of parasympathetic division called?

A

cholinergic synapse & cholinergic receptors

26
Q

sympathetic neurotransmitter involves are

A

1) norepinephrine (noradrenaline) / NE

2) Epinephrine (adrenaline)

27
Q

neurotransmitters involved in parasympathetic division

A

acetylcholine, ACH

28
Q

receptors involved in sympathetic division

A

adrenergic receptors which are divided into :

  • alpha-1 receptors
  • alpha-2 receptors
  • beta-1 receptors
  • beta-2 receptors
29
Q

receptors involved in parasympathetic division

A
  • nicotinic receptors

- muscarinic receptors

30
Q

examples of changes in body during sympathetic

A
  • hear rate increases
  • bronchial tubes dilate
  • pupil dilate
  • saliva production reduced
  • glycogen is converted to glucose
  • inhibit activity in stomach
31
Q

examples of changes in the body during parasympathetic

A
  • pupils constrict
  • heart rate down
  • digestion takes place
  • increase urine
  • saliva increase
  • stimulate activity in stomach
32
Q

ANS drugs produce their primary therapeutic effects by working like a neurotransmitter either ______ the natural chemical function or _________/ ________ the natural chemical function

A

mimic, block

33
Q

ANS drugs bind to the __________ site on the __________ neuron

A

receptor site, post-synaptic neuron

34
Q

ANS drugs bind to the receptor site on the post-synaptic neuron to

A
  1. stimulate the action of the autonomic nerves (agonist)

2. block the action of autonomic nerves (agonist)

35
Q

What adrenergic agonist / sympathomimetics dugs does?

A
  • stimulate the action of the sympathetic nervous system .
  • drugs that partially or completely mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
  • this group of medication induce the fight or flight response by stimulating both alpha beta adrenergic receptors
36
Q

what adrenergic antagonist/ sympatholytics drugs does?

A
  • inhibit the action of the sympathetic nervous system
  • drugs that block the effects of sympathetic nervous system
  • result in inhibition of sympathetic nervous system and the effects may be similar to parasympathomimetics
37
Q

what cholinergic agonist/ parasympathomimetics drugs does?

A
  • stimulate the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system
  • symptoms produced mimic the rest or digest response
38
Q

what cholinergic antagonist/ anticholinergic/ parasympatholytics drugs does?

A
  • inhibit the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system
  • the drugs blocks the effect of parasympathetic nervous system
  • result in inhibition of parasympathetic nervous system and the effects may be similar to sympathomimetics
39
Q

drugs that produced the symptoms of rest-or-digest response

A

cholinergic agonist/ parasympathomimetics

40
Q

drugs that blocks the effect of parasympathetic nervous system

A

cholinergic antagonist, anticholinergic , parasympatholytics

41
Q

effect of neurotransmitters on the sympathetic nervous system- on heart and kidney

A

stimulation of beta-1 receptors increases heart rate and force of contraction. hence it can be used for treatment of heart failure and cardiogenic shock.

42
Q

effect of neurotransmitters on the sympathetic nervous system ( on blood vessels, lungs and uterus )

A

stimulation of beta-2 receptors causing bronchodilation and uterus relaxation . Hence it can be used for treatment of asthma and premature labour contractions

43
Q

effect of neurotransmitter on the sympathetic nervous system - postsynaptic memebrane of effector organs EXCEPT HEART

A 
Activation of vascular smooth muscle
receptors causes vasoconstriction,
leading to an increase in blood
pressure, hence it can be used for
hypotensive and anaphylactic shock.
∙ α1 & α2 activation: Mydriasis (dilation
of pupils)
44
Q

effect of neurotransmitter on the sympathetic nervous system - presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminal

A

activation of alpha-2 receptors at the presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminal inhibits release of norepinephrine and causes vasodilation . Hence it can be used for hypertensio.

45
Q

actions brought about alpha1

A

Stimulates α1 adrenergic receptors of the vascular smooth muscle,
resulting in vasoconstriction (vasopressor) and increased systemic blood
pressure.

46
Q

actions brought about beta 1

A

Stimulates β1 adrenergic receptors of heart, resulting in increased heart
rate (chronotropic) and myocardia contractibility (inotropic).

47
Q

actions brought about beta 1

A

Stimulates β2 adrenergic receptors of the vascular smooth muscle and
bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in vasodilation and bronchodilation

INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY (5 decks)

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