final revision slide Flashcards
6 rights of medication error
- right patient
- right drug
- right dose
- right time
- right route of administration
- right documentation
4 additional rights incl:
right assessment
right education
right evaluation
right to refuse
what are the 3 checks to avoid medication error
- Check drug against IMR when removing it from medication drawer, refrigerator or controlled drugs
- Check the drug when preparing it, pouring it, taking it out, of the container or connecting the IV tubing to the bag
- Check the drug before administration
4 steps to take once error is detected
- check patient for any change of condition/ vital signs
- inform immediate superior
- inform doctor
- write and incident report
impact of medication error
patient may suffer morbidity or death which may carry legal implications.
patient may have to stay longer in hospital which results in an increase in healthcare cost and even time separated from family
nurse or doctor making the error may suffer self doubt and embarrassment
nurse or doctor making the error may face disciplinary inquiry
the hospital may suffer negative reputation for being unsafe
purpose of incident report after a medication error
- verify the client’s safety was safeguarded
- serve as a tool to improve drug administration
therapeutic response of most drugs depends on the __________ in the plasma.
concentration
the plasma concentration curve, give an indication of _________________ values
pharmacokinetics
definition of mimimum effective conc in drug plasma curve
amount of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect
definition of minimum effective conc in drug plasma curve
amount of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect
definition of therapeutic range in drug plasma curve
the range at which the drug produces its desired effect
definition of onset of action
represents the amount of time it takes to produce a therapeutic effect after drug administration
definition of onset of action (drug plasma conc)
represents the amount of time it takes to produce a therapeutic effect after drug administration
definition of area under the curve
the area under the plasma drug conc-time curves reflects the actual body exposure to drug after administration of a dose of the drug
definition duration of drug action
-plasma half life. ( T1/2)
Defined as time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to decrease by half. The plasma conc of a drug is halved after one elimination half-life.
for a drug with short-half life, the drug must be given ______ frequently
more
for a drug with a long-half life, the drug must be given _______ frequently
less
clinical implications of duration of drug action:
half-life determines the duration of drug action.
the half-life of a drug depends on its clearance and volume of distribution. the elimination half-life is considered to be independent of the amount of drug in the body.
definition of loading dose
higher amount given to ‘prime’ bloodstream
plateau reached faster and quickly produces therapeutic response
important when it is critical to raise the drug plasma quickly.
definition of maintenance dose
smaller doses to keep concentration within therapeutic
therapeutic index definition
TI is a measure of the safety of a drug. It is he ratio between a drug’s therapeutic benefits and its toxic effects.
