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IDC SCHOOL > Pharmacy (Mason's Review) > Flashcards

Pharmacy (Mason's Review) Flashcards

1
Q

What form is only used to prescribe controlled substances?

A

DD 1289

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2
Q

What form is the poly-prescription?

A

NAVMED 6710/6

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3
Q

What is required to be written on the prescription?

A
  1. Pt’s Full Name
  2. Date Prescription Written
  3. Pt’s age or DOB
  4. Full name of drug
  5. Form of drug
  6. Dosage size or strength written in metric system
  7. Directions for Pt
  8. Legible signature
  9. Refill authorization
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4
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

Activities of the drug after it enters the body. The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

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5
Q

What are factors that alter bioavailability?

A
  1. Drug form
  2. Route of administration
  3. Changes in the liver metabolism caused by dysfunction
  4. GI mucosa and motility
  5. Food and drugs
  6. Solubility
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6
Q

How does liver disease influence drug response?

A

A Pt with liver disease may require a LOWER DOSE of medication

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7
Q

What is pharmacodynamics

A

Primary or desired effect. Drugs action and effects within the body

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8
Q

What is an cumulative drug effect?

A

A drug effect that occurs when the body has not fully metabolized a dose of a drug before next dose is given

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9
Q

What is psychological dependence

A

A compulsion to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience

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10
Q

What is physical dependence?

A

A compulsion to use a substance repeatedly to avoid mild to severe withdrawal symptoms

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11
Q

What is an additive drug reaction?

A

A reaction that occurs when two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone

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12
Q

What is synergism?

A

A drug interaction that occurs when drugs produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions. i.e. alcohol mixed with narcotics

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13
Q

What are factors that influence drug response?

A
  1. Age
  2. Weight
  3. Gender
  4. Disease
  5. Rout of administration
  6. Drug use and pregnancy
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14
Q

1 kilogram equals how many grams?

A

1000 grams

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15
Q

1 gram equals how many milligrams?

A

1000 milligrams

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16
Q

1 milligram equals how many micrograms?

A

1000 micrograms

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17
Q

What is a subcutaneous route?

A

Injection places the drug into the tissues between the skin and the muscle

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18
Q

What is an intramuscular route?

A

Injection places the medication directly into the muscle

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19
Q

What is an intravenous route?

A

Drug given directly into the blood via a needle or catheter inserted into the vein

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20
Q

What is an intradermal route?

A

Medication/agent placed between the first and second layer of the skin. Used to administer sensitivity tests. Inserted at 15 degree angle

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21
Q

Which drugs have an almost immediate direct path to drug receptors?

A

Intravenous (IV)

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22
Q

Which drugs have a systemic effect?

A

Transdermal

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23
Q

Which drugs primarily have a local effect on the lungs

A

inhalation

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24
Q

Which drugs have anticonvulsant properties, depress the sensory cortex, decrease motor activity, and cause drowsiness?

A

Barbiturates

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25
Q

Should alcohol be used with barbiturates?

A

NO

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26
Q

What antianxiety drug is used for short term use only?

A

Benzodiazepines

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27
Q

What are examples of antianxiety medications?

A
  1. Alprazolam
  2. Diazepam
  3. Lorazepam
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28
Q

How do antidepressants work?

A

Prevent the reuptake of the neurotransmitters

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29
Q

What are contraindications for people with certain diseases where you don’t want to prescribe antidepressants?

A

People with CHF, hypertension, cardiovascular disease.

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30
Q

How do antipsychotics work?

A

By blocking the dopamine receptors in the brain

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31
Q

What are contraindications for taking antipsychotics?

A

Hypotension

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32
Q

What are examples of antipsychotics

A

Haloperidol: Haldol (only thing we carry)

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33
Q

What do we use CNS Stimulants to treat?

A
  1. Narcolepsy

2. ADHD

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34
Q

What are the actions of anticonvulsants?

A

Reduce the excitability of the neurons of the brain

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35
Q

What are examples of anticonvulsants?

A

PAMS

  1. Diazepam
  2. Lorazepam
  3. Midazolam
  4. Clonazepam
  5. Phenytoin – only mention because Mancia mentioned it multiple times
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36
Q

What is the action of anti-emetics/anti-nauseants?

A

Phenothiazines act to inhibit nausea and vomiting

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37
Q

Examples of anti-emetics?

A
  1. Promethazine

2. Odansetron

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38
Q

Examples of antivertigo?

A
  1. Meclizine

2. Diphenhydramine

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39
Q

How do local anesthetics work?

A

Produce a local anesthesia by inhibiting transport of ions across neural membranes, thereby preventing initiation and conduction of normal nerve impulses

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40
Q

What are the uses of non-salicylate?

A
  1. Relieve mild to moderate pain
  2. Reduce body temperature (antipyretic)
  3. Arthritis
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41
Q

Examples of non-salicylate?

A

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

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42
Q

What are contraindications for NSAIDS?

A
  1. Peptic ulcer
  2. GI Bleed
  3. Hypertension
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43
Q

How will you educate your Pt regarding the use of NSAIDS?

A
  1. Stop if prolonged bleeding or dark stools
  2. Long term use may lead to GI bleed
  3. Take with food or milk
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44
Q

What is the action of narcotic analgesics?

A

Opiods bind to opiate receptors CNS, where they act as agonists of endogenously occurring opiod peptides. The result is the alteration to the perception of and response to pain

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45
Q

What is a commonly used opiod antagonist?

A

Naloxone

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46
Q

What is the action of bronchodilators beta2 agonists?

A

Release stimulants and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines

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47
Q

Pts you would take caution in prescribing bronchodilators?

A

Pts with Cardiac arrhythmias and narrow angle glaucoma

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48
Q

How do antitussives work?

A
  1. Central acting: Depresses cough center

2. Peripheral acting: Anesthetize stretch receptors

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49
Q

What is the action of mucolytics?

A

Loosens and mobilize thick mucus from respiratory systems

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50
Q

What is the action of expectorants?

A

Decreases viscosity of tenacious excretions by increasing respiratory tract fluids

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51
Q

What is an example of expectorants?

A

Guaifenesin

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52
Q

What is a class 2 anti arrhythmic?

A

Beta blockers block stimulation of the beta receptors of the heart

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53
Q

What blocks potassium channels in the heart?

A

Class 3 antiarrythmics (amiodorone)

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54
Q

What are uses of antiarrhytmics?

A

Decrease symptomology by increasing hemodynamic performance!!!!

  1. Premature ventricular contractions
  2. Tachycardia
  3. Premature atrial contractions
  4. Ventricular dysrhythmias
  5. Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
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55
Q

Ace inhibitor medications end in what

A

“Pril”

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56
Q

Beta blocker medications end in what?

A

“OLOL”

57
Q

Actions of loop diuretics?

A

Increase excretion of sodium and chloride by inhibiting the reabsorption of these ions in the distal proximal tubules and the loop of henle

58
Q

what is an example of loop diuretics?

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

59
Q

What is Furosemide (Lasix) used in the treatment of?

A
  1. Edema due to CHF\
  2. Cirrhosis of the liver
  3. Acute pulmonary edema
60
Q

What is the first line indications in the management of hypertension?

A

Thiazide diuretics

Hydrochlorathiazide (HCTZ)

61
Q

What do hyperlipidemias end in?

A

“Statins”

62
Q

What is the action of antacids

A

Neutralize or reduce the acidity of the stomach and duodenal contents

63
Q

What are examples of antacid medications?

A
  1. Calcium carbonate (Tums)
  2. Aluminum hydroxide gel
  3. Calcium carbonate/magnesium hydroxide
64
Q

What is the action of Histamine H2 Agonist?

A

Inhibit the actions of histamine at histamine H2 receptor cells of the stomach which reduces the secretion of gastric acids

65
Q

Remember

A
  1. Antacids - reduce the acidity of the stomach
  2. H2 antagonist- reduces the secretion of gastric acid
  3. PPIs – suppress gastric acid secretions
66
Q

What are PPIs used for?

A
  1. Treatment of gastric or duodenal ulcers
  2. GERD
  3. Ulcers with H. Pylori
67
Q

What is the action of antidiarrheal medications?

A

Decrease intestinal peristalsis

68
Q

What is an example of antidiarrheal?

A

Loperamide (Imodium)

69
Q

Long term use of laxatives can result in what?

A

Laxative habit dependency

70
Q

What are contraindications of laxatives?

A

Persistent abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting of unknown causes

71
Q

What are some irritants/stimulants?

A

Bisacodyl (dulcolax)

72
Q

What is used to treat inflamed hemorrhoids

A

Hemorrhoid agents

73
Q

What are adverse effects of hemorrhoid agents?

A

Excessive or prolonged use may lead to atrophy of the effected tissue

74
Q

What are some factors that effect insulin dosing?

A
  1. Pt eats too little food may result in hypoglycemia
  2. Dose is incorrectly measured and is greater than prescribed
  3. Pt drastically increase physical activity may result in hypoglycemia
  4. INFECTION may change dose requirement
75
Q

What are oral antidiabetics used for?

A

Used to treat patients with Type 2 diabetes not controlled with diet and exercise

76
Q

What hormone influences every organ and tissue in the body?

A

Thyroid

77
Q

What is the action of contraceptives?

A

Inhibits ovulation

78
Q

Adverse reactions to contraceptives?

A

If pt has a history of migraines or headaches be mindful of types of estrogen containing contraceptives

  1. Breakthrough bleeding
  2. Headaches
  3. Mental depression
  4. Venous thromboembolism
79
Q

Bactericidal drugs do what?

A

Kill the bacteria

80
Q

Bacterielstatic drugs do what?

A

Slow or retard the multiplication of bacteria

81
Q

The effectiveness of individual antibiotics depends on these factors?

A
  1. Location of the infection
  2. Ability of the antibiotic to reach the site of infection
  3. Ability of the bacteria to resist or inactivate the antibiotics
82
Q

What inhibits viral replication?

A

Antivirals

83
Q

Examples of antivirals?

A

Vir”

  1. Acyclovir
  2. Vancyclovir
  3. Penicyclovir
  4. Osetamivir
84
Q

Antivirals used in what?

A
  1. Herpes Simplex
  2. Hiv
  3. Influenza A & B
  4. Chronic Hepatitis C treatment
85
Q

Examples of antifungals?

A
  1. Clotrimazole
  2. Ketoconazole
  3. Metronidazole is NOT an antifungal
86
Q

What are muscle relaxers used for?

A

Various acute painful MSK conditions, such as back pain, neck pain, muscle spasms

87
Q

What happens if corticosteroids are stopped abruptly

A

A potentially life-threatening adrenal insufficiency can occur

88
Q

What is the action of antimigraine meds?

A

Acts on intracranial blood vessels and sensory nerves causing vasoconstriction and reduces neurogenic inflammation

89
Q

Antimigraine uses?

A
  1. Treatment of migraines

2. Cluster headaches

90
Q

What medications used to treat migraines?

A

Triptans; sumatriptan (imitrex)

91
Q

What medication causes paralysis and death of a pest?

A

Scabicides

92
Q

What is an example of scabicide?

A

Permethrin (elimite or nix)

93
Q

What temporarily inhibits the induction impulses of the sensory nerve fibers?

A

Local anesthetics

94
Q

Examples of smoking sensation medications?

A

NOT ORAL PILLS

  1. Transdermal patch
  2. Gum
  3. Inhaler
  4. Nasal spray
  5. Lozenge
95
Q

Who is responsible for controlled substances onboard ship

A

Commanding Officer

96
Q

Who maintains custody of controlled substances onboard ship (CUSTODIAN)?

A

SMDR

97
Q

How long are records maintained for?

A

3 Years

98
Q

Who is allowed to be the bulk stock custodian?

A

Commissioned officer or anyone that is not the SUPPO or involved in the procurement of medications

99
Q

How many safes are required?

A

Two with the exception of DDG 1000, LCS, MCM, PCs which only get (One)

100
Q

How often are the safe combinations changed

A
  1. Immediately upon turnover
  2. Suspicion of compromise
  3. Every six months
101
Q

How many people are needed for a CSIB?

A

Minimum of three but smaller platforms with crew less than 100 only need 2 (One officer, one chief)

102
Q

Only form used to prescribe controlled meds?

A

DD 1289

103
Q

Who is required to countersign prescriptions

A

Commanding Officer

104
Q

How often are inventories conducted?

A
  1. Quarterly (every 90 days)
  2. Within one month of a transaction
  3. At the time of relief of the CO or MDR
  4. At the request of the CO
105
Q

What form is used to document theft of controlled substances?

A

DEA 106

106
Q

Lost of controlled substances?

A

DD 200

107
Q

How many people present when destroying meds?

A

Minimum of the 3 CSIB members to include the Senior CSIB member

108
Q

What supplement overuse is associated with stroke?

A

Creatine

109
Q

What is protein used for?

A

Muscle repair/rebuilding and meal replacement

110
Q

What does nitric oxide enhance?

A

Oxygen and nutrient delivery to muscles

111
Q

Action of general anesthesia (Ketamine)

A

a non-competitive antagonist causing neuro-inhibition and anesthesia, where the patient is DISSOCIATED from their surroundings.

112
Q

Action of Salicylates

A

Inhibition of prostaglandins, dilates peripheral blood vessels (cool body), prolong bleeding by inhibiting aggregation of platelets

113
Q

Salicylates uses

A 
Relief of mild to moderate pain
Reduction of body temperature
Inflammatory conditions
Decrease risk of myocardial infarction
Prevention of treatment of blood clots
114
Q

what are H1 histamines used to treat

A

Allergic reactions

Can also treat Insomnia, motion sickness and vertigo

115
Q

Action of H1 Antihistamines

A 
They suppress the histamine-induced
wheal response (swelling) and flare response (vasodilation).
116
Q

Examples of antihistamines

A

Diphenhydramine
promethazine
Hydroxyzine

117
Q

Bronchodilators are what class of drug

A

Beta 2 Agonists

118
Q

What are Beta 2 agonists used for?

A

Reversible airway obstruction

119
Q

what is angina pectoris

A

Decrease in oxygen supply to the heart muscle resulting in chest pain or pressure.

120
Q

What is normal blood pressure ?

A

Systolic <120mm Hg and diastolic <80 mmHg.

121
Q

what is step 1 in the management of hypertension?

A

Life Style Changes

1) Salt restriction Weight reduction Exercise Stress reduction Sleep.

122
Q

what is step 2 in the management of hypertension?

A

Use of Thiazide Diuretic, ACE-I, ARB, or CCB (use one).

123
Q

what are beta blockers used for ?

A

Management of hypertension and Angina Pectoris

124
Q

Contraindication for beta blockers?

A

(a) Sinus bradycardia
(b) Heart Block
(c) Hypotension
(d) Bronchial asthma

125
Q

adverse effects of beta blockers

A

(a) Orthostatic hypotension
(b) Bradycardia
(c) Bronchospasm

126
Q

what is the use of sulfonylureas?

A

lower blood glucose by stimulating beta cells of pancreas to

make more insulin.

127
Q

example of thyroid hormone

A

levothyroxine

128
Q

examples of macrolides

A

(a) Azithromycin
(b) Erythromycin
(c) Clarithromycin
(d) Teithromycin

129
Q

examples of Fluoroquinolones

A

(a) Ciprofloxacin: Cipro

(b) Levofloxacin:

130
Q

example of aminoglycosides

A

(a) Gentamicin

(b) Neomycin

131
Q

action of lincosamide

A

Disrupts protein synthesis and causes changes in the cell wall surface,

132
Q

examples of lincosamides

A

a) Clindamycin

b) Lincomycin

133
Q

what are corticosteroids used for?

A

Anti inflammatory and autoimmune disorders

(a) Rheumatic disorders
(b) Arthritis
(c) Bursitis
(d) Allergic reactions
(e) Contact dermatitis
(f) COPD and Asthma Exacerbations
(g) SLE and other autoimmune disorders

134
Q

Contraindications for Antimigraine

A

(a) Peripheral vascular disease
(b) Uncontrolled hypertension
(c) Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Specific to Imitrex) or arrhythmias
associated with other cardiac accessory conduction pathway disorders.
(d) Coronary vasospasm
(e) Ischemic heart disease

135
Q

examples of keratolytics

A

(a) Podofilox 0.5% topical solution and gel: Condylox

(b) Salicylic acid gel 17%: Compound-W

136
Q

difference between otic and optic medications?

A

Otic - is for ears
optic - is for eyes

What a dumb question

137
Q

uses of opthalimic meds

A

used for the treatment of ophthalmic disorders such as bacterial or viral infections of the eye, inflammatory conditions and symptoms of allergy related to the eye.

138
Q

Risks of thermogenics

A

kidney dysfunction, arrhythmias and stroke, Highest risk is dehydration.

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