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IDC SCHOOL > Neuro Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Neuro Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the network of nerves located in the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Enteric Plexus that helps regulate the digestive system and involve both sensory and motor neurons

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2
Q

How many spinal nerves pairs do we have? AND name each category?

A

a. 31 Pairs
i. 8 Cervical
ii. 12 Thoracic
iii. 5 Lumbar
iv. 5 Sacral
v. 1 Coccygeal

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3
Q

What are the motor neurons that carry neural impulses away from the central nervous system and towards muscles to cause movement?

A

Efferent Neurons

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4
Q

What is the name of the sensory neurons that carry impulses from sensory stimuli towards the central nervous system?

A

Afferent Neurons

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5
Q

Name the structural classes of Neurons.

A
  1. Multipolar Neurons – Most neurons in the brain and spinal cord
  2. Bipolar Neurons – Found in the retina of the eye, inner ear, and olfactory areas of the brain
  3. Unipolar Neurons – Function as sensory receptors that detect touch, pain, pressure, or thermal stimuli
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6
Q

What supports, nourish, protect neuron and is critical for homeostasis?

A

Neuroglia

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7
Q

What cell produces myelin around the PNS neurons?

A

Schwann Cells

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8
Q

What cells produces myelin around the CNS neuron?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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9
Q

What cell produces CSF?

A

Ependymal Cells

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10
Q

What is a bundle of axons in the PNS called?

A

Nerve

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11
Q

What is a bundle of axons in the CNS called?

A

Tract

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12
Q

What nervous system include cranial nerves, spinal nerves and sensory nerves

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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13
Q

What nervous system controls thoughts, emotions and memories?

A

Central Nervous System

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14
Q

Named subcategories of Peripheral Nervous System?

A
  1. Somatic
  2. Autonomic
  3. Enteric
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15
Q

What nervous system conveys information from sensory receptors of head, body wall, and limbs and form the receptors for special senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell) to Central Nervous System AND conduct motor impulses from Central Nervous System to skeletal muscles?

A

Somatic Nervous System

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16
Q

What nervous system convey info from sensory receptors in visceral organs (stomach, lungs) to Central Nervous System AND conduct motor impulses from Central Nervous System to smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands?

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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17
Q

What nervous system is call “Brain of the Gut”, monitor chemical changes in the GI tract, stretching walls, regulate acid secretion and, endocrine cell secretions? What nervous system is call “Brain of the Gut”, monitor chemical changes in the GI tract, stretching walls, regulate acid secretion and, endocrine cell secretions?

A

Enteric Nervous System

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18
Q

What are the meningeal layers?

A
  1. Dura Mater
  2. Arachnoid Mater
  3. Pia Mater
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19
Q

What is the most outer meningeal layer?

A

Dura Mater

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20
Q

What is the middle layer and resembles a spider web?

A

Arachnoid Mater

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21
Q

What is the inner layer, thin and delicate and adheres to surface of the spinal cord and brain?

A

Pia Mater

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22
Q

What is the name of the space Cerebral Spinal Fluid travels?

A

Subarachnoid Space

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23
Q

What is the name of the two spinal cord grooves?

A
  1. Deep Anterior Median Fissure

2. Shallow Posterior Median Sulcus

24
Q

What axons does the Posterior (dorsal) root contains?

A

Sensory Axons, which conduct nerve impulses from sensory receptors in the skin, muscles, and internal organs into the central nervous system

25
Q

What axons does the Anterior (Ventral) root contains?

A

Motor neurons, which conduct nerve impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands).

26
Q

What axons does the Posterior gray horn contains?

A

Contains cell bodies and axons of interneurons as well as axons of incoming sensory neurons

27
Q

What axons does the anterior gray root contains?

A

Contains cell bodies and axons of interneurons as well as axons of incoming sensory neurons

28
Q

What axons does the anterior gray root contains?

A

Cell bodies and somatic motor neurons that provide nerve impulses for contraction of skeletal muscles.

29
Q

What axons does the lateral gray root contains?

A

Contains cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons that regulate the activity of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

30
Q

What tract conducts nerves impulses towards the brain?

A

Spinothalamic

31
Q

What tract conducts nerves impulses away from the brain?

A

Corticospinal

32
Q

What tract conducts nerves impulses away from the brain?

A

Corticospinal

33
Q

What are the two types of reflexes?

A
  1. Spinal Reflex – When integration takes place in the spinal cord
  2. Cranial Reflex – When integration occurs in the brain stem
34
Q

What plexus supplies upper limbs, some neck and shoulder muscles?

A

Brachial Plexus

35
Q

What plexus supplies posterior head, neck, upper part of the shoulder and the diaphragm?

A

Cervical Plexus

36
Q

What plexus supplies buttocks, perineum and most of lower limbs?

A

Sacral Plexus

37
Q

What plexus supplies abdominal wall, external genitals and part of the lower limbs?

A

Lumbar Plexus

38
Q

What percentage of oxygen does the brain requires?

A

20%

39
Q

What major vessels composed the circle of Willis?

A

2 internal carotid arteries

40
Q

Where is CSF produce?

A

Choroid Plexus which is specialized networks of capillaries in the walls of the ventricles. Covering the Choroid Plexus are ependymal cells which form CSF from blood plasma by filtration and excretion

41
Q

What are the components of Brain Stem?

A
  1. Medulla Oblangata
  2. Pons
  3. Midbrain
42
Q

What are the components of Diencephalon?

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Pineal Gland
43
Q

What is called “Little Brain”?

A

Cerebellum

44
Q

What regulates breathing, heart rate and force and contains CN VIII-XII?

A

Medulla (Medullary Respiratory Center)

45
Q

What is called “Bridge”, connects left and right side of the cerebellum and contains CN V-VIII?

A

Pons

46
Q

What coordinates reflex center for the eye, head movement, auditory relay?

A

Midbrain

47
Q

What controls relay center, motor functions and consciousness?

A

Thalamus

48
Q

What controls homeostasis, pituitary gland, hormone production, body temperature, circadian rhythm?

A

Hypothalamus

49
Q

What secretes melatonin and promotes sleepiness?

A

Pineal Gland

50
Q

What controls smooth/coordinate skeletal muscle contraction, skilled motor activities, posture and balance?

A

Cerebellum

51
Q

What is called the “emotional brain”, play role in pain, pleasure, anger and affection?

A

Limbic System

52
Q

Name all CN that ONLY have Sensory functions?

A
  1. Olfactory
  2. Optic
  3. Vestibulocochlear
53
Q

Name all the CN that ONLY have Motor function?

A
  1. Trochlear
  2. Spinal Accessory
  3. Hypoglossal
54
Q

What CN test for superficial pain and touch sensation of the face and ability to clench the teeth?

A

V Five Trigeminal

55
Q

What CN test for hearing and lateralization of sound?

A

VIII Eight - Acoustic

IDC SCHOOL (4 decks)

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