Neuro Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is the network of nerves located in the gastrointestinal tract?
Enteric Plexus that helps regulate the digestive system and involve both sensory and motor neurons
How many spinal nerves pairs do we have? AND name each category?
a. 31 Pairs
i. 8 Cervical
ii. 12 Thoracic
iii. 5 Lumbar
iv. 5 Sacral
v. 1 Coccygeal
What are the motor neurons that carry neural impulses away from the central nervous system and towards muscles to cause movement?
Efferent Neurons
What is the name of the sensory neurons that carry impulses from sensory stimuli towards the central nervous system?
Afferent Neurons
Name the structural classes of Neurons.
- Multipolar Neurons – Most neurons in the brain and spinal cord
- Bipolar Neurons – Found in the retina of the eye, inner ear, and olfactory areas of the brain
- Unipolar Neurons – Function as sensory receptors that detect touch, pain, pressure, or thermal stimuli
What supports, nourish, protect neuron and is critical for homeostasis?
Neuroglia
What cell produces myelin around the PNS neurons?
Schwann Cells
What cells produces myelin around the CNS neuron?
Oligodendrocytes
What cell produces CSF?
Ependymal Cells
What is a bundle of axons in the PNS called?
Nerve
What is a bundle of axons in the CNS called?
Tract
What nervous system include cranial nerves, spinal nerves and sensory nerves
Peripheral Nervous System
What nervous system controls thoughts, emotions and memories?
Central Nervous System
Named subcategories of Peripheral Nervous System?
- Somatic
- Autonomic
- Enteric
What nervous system conveys information from sensory receptors of head, body wall, and limbs and form the receptors for special senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell) to Central Nervous System AND conduct motor impulses from Central Nervous System to skeletal muscles?
Somatic Nervous System
What nervous system convey info from sensory receptors in visceral organs (stomach, lungs) to Central Nervous System AND conduct motor impulses from Central Nervous System to smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands?
Autonomic Nervous System
What nervous system is call “Brain of the Gut”, monitor chemical changes in the GI tract, stretching walls, regulate acid secretion and, endocrine cell secretions? What nervous system is call “Brain of the Gut”, monitor chemical changes in the GI tract, stretching walls, regulate acid secretion and, endocrine cell secretions?
Enteric Nervous System
What are the meningeal layers?
- Dura Mater
- Arachnoid Mater
- Pia Mater
What is the most outer meningeal layer?
Dura Mater
What is the middle layer and resembles a spider web?
Arachnoid Mater
What is the inner layer, thin and delicate and adheres to surface of the spinal cord and brain?
Pia Mater
What is the name of the space Cerebral Spinal Fluid travels?
Subarachnoid Space
What is the name of the two spinal cord grooves?
- Deep Anterior Median Fissure
2. Shallow Posterior Median Sulcus
What axons does the Posterior (dorsal) root contains?
Sensory Axons, which conduct nerve impulses from sensory receptors in the skin, muscles, and internal organs into the central nervous system
What axons does the Anterior (Ventral) root contains?
Motor neurons, which conduct nerve impulses from CNS to effectors (muscles and glands).
What axons does the Posterior gray horn contains?
Contains cell bodies and axons of interneurons as well as axons of incoming sensory neurons
What axons does the anterior gray root contains?
Contains cell bodies and axons of interneurons as well as axons of incoming sensory neurons
What axons does the anterior gray root contains?
Cell bodies and somatic motor neurons that provide nerve impulses for contraction of skeletal muscles.
What axons does the lateral gray root contains?
Contains cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons that regulate the activity of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
What tract conducts nerves impulses towards the brain?
Spinothalamic
What tract conducts nerves impulses away from the brain?
Corticospinal
What tract conducts nerves impulses away from the brain?
Corticospinal
What are the two types of reflexes?
- Spinal Reflex – When integration takes place in the spinal cord
- Cranial Reflex – When integration occurs in the brain stem
What plexus supplies upper limbs, some neck and shoulder muscles?
Brachial Plexus
What plexus supplies posterior head, neck, upper part of the shoulder and the diaphragm?
Cervical Plexus
What plexus supplies buttocks, perineum and most of lower limbs?
Sacral Plexus
What plexus supplies abdominal wall, external genitals and part of the lower limbs?
Lumbar Plexus
What percentage of oxygen does the brain requires?
20%
What major vessels composed the circle of Willis?
2 internal carotid arteries
Where is CSF produce?
Choroid Plexus which is specialized networks of capillaries in the walls of the ventricles. Covering the Choroid Plexus are ependymal cells which form CSF from blood plasma by filtration and excretion
What are the components of Brain Stem?
- Medulla Oblangata
- Pons
- Midbrain
What are the components of Diencephalon?
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Pineal Gland
What is called “Little Brain”?
Cerebellum
What regulates breathing, heart rate and force and contains CN VIII-XII?
Medulla (Medullary Respiratory Center)
What is called “Bridge”, connects left and right side of the cerebellum and contains CN V-VIII?
Pons
What coordinates reflex center for the eye, head movement, auditory relay?
Midbrain
What controls relay center, motor functions and consciousness?
Thalamus
What controls homeostasis, pituitary gland, hormone production, body temperature, circadian rhythm?
Hypothalamus
What secretes melatonin and promotes sleepiness?
Pineal Gland
What controls smooth/coordinate skeletal muscle contraction, skilled motor activities, posture and balance?
Cerebellum
What is called the “emotional brain”, play role in pain, pleasure, anger and affection?
Limbic System
Name all CN that ONLY have Sensory functions?
- Olfactory
- Optic
- Vestibulocochlear
Name all the CN that ONLY have Motor function?
- Trochlear
- Spinal Accessory
- Hypoglossal
What CN test for superficial pain and touch sensation of the face and ability to clench the teeth?
V Five Trigeminal
What CN test for hearing and lateralization of sound?
VIII Eight - Acoustic
