Pharmacotherapy Flashcards
What drug target do allergies act on?
Histamine (receptors)
What drug target does a cold act on?
Bradykinin (receptor)
What is histamine’s affect on endothelial cells?
Vasodilation leading to hypotension, nasal congestion, and increased HR
Increased capillary permeability leading to edema, shock, rhinnorhea, and hives
Bronchoconstriction, and sensory stimulation (pain, itching), and anaphalyxis
What are the uses of 1st and 2nd generation antihistamines?
Allergic reactions
What are the uses of 1st generation antihistamines?
Cough suppression
Motion sickness
Nausea/vomiting
Sleep aid
What are the side effects of antihistamines?
Sedation (1st), dry mouth, urine retention, constipation, disinhibition, postural hypotension, some GI
Name some 1st generation antihistamines?
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), Meclizine (non-drowsy Dramamine)
Name some 2nd generation antihistamines?
Ceftrizine (Zyrtec), Fexofenadrine (Allegra), Loratidine (Claritin)
How do decongestants work?
Alpha-1 stimulation causes vasoconstrictin (relieving vasodilation that causes pain, nasal stuffiness, and cough)
What is the side effect of topical sympathomimetics?
Rebound congestion (Phenylphedrine, Oxymetazoline)
How does pseudoephedrine work?
Indirect norepinephrine release
How does phenylphedrine work?
Direct norepinephrine release, *hepatic metabolism
How do you treat a URI?
1st generation antihistamine and decongestant. Naproxen.
How do you treat UACS?
1st generation antihistamine and decongestant.
