Pharmacotherapeutics Flashcards
what are quantal dose response curves used for?
measure responses to drugs in populations
which patient related factors indicate a higher dose of a drug is needed?
- hyporeactivity
- tolerance
- tachyphylaxis
which patient related factors indicate a lower dose of a drug is needed?
- hyperreactivity
- supersensitivity
- hypersensitivity
which type of tolerance is due to receptor changes and/or other cell changes?
pharmacodynamic
which type of tolerance involves antibodies binding a drug?
immune
which type of tolerance involves induction of metabolism enzymes?
pharmacokinetic
which type of tolerance involves therapy resulting in changes to the cells that make up a tissue
cellular distribution
which type of tolerance involves an individual using coping skills to compensate for drug effects?
learned tolerance
what are the 4 main drug-drug interactions?
1) antagonism
2) potentiation
3) summation
4) synergism
which type of D-D interaction involves receptor competition and increased metabolic inactivation/excretion?
antagonism
this type of D-D interaction is observed when 2 drugs don’t share similar effects, but 1 drug increases the effect of another
potentiation
D-D interaction in which combo of 2 or more drugs produces effects greater than the summation of drug effects
synergism
what are the 3 main environmental factors that impact drug effects
- diet
- temp
- indigenous microflora
what are the 4 types of drug allergies?
T1 = anaphylactic
T2 = cytotoxic
T3 = immune complex
T4 = cell-mediated
which type of drug allergy involves fast-acting disturbances and the presence of IgE, mast cells, and basophils?
type 1 anaphylactic
which type of drug allergy is caused by circulating IgG and IgM antibodies and has a delayed response?
type 2 cytotoxic
which type of drug allergy involves the formation of antigen-antibody complexes in intravascular/interstitial spaces?
type 3 immune complex
which type of drug allergy involves sensitized T-lymphocytes releasing lymphokines to attract additional immune cells?
type 4 cell-mediated
indirect and often unpredictable consequences of a drug’s primary pharmacologic action
secondary rxn
any agent capable of altering DNA is a potential _____
carcinogen
