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ATI Capstone > Pharmacology - Week 2 Tips > Flashcards

Pharmacology - Week 2 Tips Flashcards

1
Q

Antiemetics treat…?

A

N/V

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2
Q

5-HT Receptor Antagonists (Serotonin Antagonists) - 4

A

DolaseTRON (Anzement)
GraniseTON (Kytril, Sancuso)
OndanseTRON (Zofran)
TropiseTRON (Navoban)

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3
Q

Dopamine Antagonists - 2

A

PromethaZINE (Phenergan)

ProchlorperaZINE (Compazine)

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4
Q

What 2 other medication classes can be used as Antiemetics?

A

Antihistamines and Cannabinoids

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5
Q

IMPORTANT ADFX of Metoclopramide (Relgan)

A

Extra-pyramidal Effects

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6
Q

Antihistamines (H1 histamine receptor antagonists) - 3

A

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Dimenhydrinate (Gravol, Dramamine)
Meclozine (Bonine, Antivert)

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7
Q

Cannabinaoids - 2

A

Cannabis (MM) - Schedule 1

Dronabinol (Marinol) - Schedule 3

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8
Q

What to watch for in antiemetics

A

Sedation and an addictive effect if given w/ narcotics

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9
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) - 5

A

OmepraZOLE (Prilosec, Zegerid, Omepral, Omez)
LansopraZOLE (Prevacid, Zoton, Inhibitol)
DexlansopraZOLE (Kapidex, Dexilant)
Esmomeprazole (Nexium, Esotrx)
Pantoprazole (Protonix, Somac, Pantozol, Zentro)

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10
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors treat…?

A

high acidity in stomach by shutting off pump

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11
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) long-term used ADFX

A

B-12 deficiency

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12
Q

Erectile Dysfunction (ED) medications function

A

↑ nitric oxide which relaxes blood vessels in penis

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13
Q

Erectile Dysfunction (ED) medications - 3

A

SildenaFIL (Viagra)
VardenaFIL (Levitra)
TadalaFIL (Cialis)

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14
Q

VardenaFIL (Levitra) ADFX - 4

A

headache
flushing
back pain
muscle aches

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15
Q

SildenaFIL (Viagra) ADFX - 2

A

vision changes (blue vision)

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16
Q

DO NOT TAKE Erectile Dysfunction medications if HX of - 3

A

♥ Problems
Uncontrolled BP
Stroke

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17
Q

Antianemics treat…

A

anemia!

w/ iron supplements.
HEAVY, shouldn’t be taken LIGHTLY

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18
Q

Liquid Iron and Teeth

A

staining

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19
Q

Iron IM route and technique

A

Deep IM and Z track

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20
Q

Iron and Vitamin C

A

↑ absorption BUT also ↑ r/o GI complications (DO NOT TAKE)

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21
Q

How to maximize Iron absoprtion

A

Take on empty stomach (1 hr before meals)

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22
Q

Iron ADFX (3) and counter

A

nausea, constipation, ♥burn, consume with food

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23
Q

Iron Education (4)

A

Take at equal intervals
Expect harmless dark green/black stool
↑ water/fiber intact and maintain exercise program
Encourage foods high in iron

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24
Q

Foods high in iron (4)

A

Liver
Egg yolks
Muscle Meats
Yeast

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25
Q

Statins (HMG CoA Reducase Inhibitors) treat…? and 2 other FX

A

hypercholesterolemia
Protection against stroke/MI with DM pts
↑ HDL levels

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26
Q

Statins medications (6)

A 
AtorvaSTATIN (Lipitor)
SimvaSTATIN (Zocor)
LovaSTATIN (Mevacor)
PravaSTATIN (Pravachol)
RosuvaSTATIN (Crestor)
FluvaSTATIN (Lescol)
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27
Q

What to be aware of with Statins. Counter routine.

A

Hepatotoxicity
Monitor liver labs first 12 weeks then q6months
Monitor CK
NO ALCOHOL

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28
Q

Statins Education.

A

Report weakness, aches, tenderness.

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29
Q

Anticoagulants treat ___ by ___?

A

prevent blood clots by preventing clotting cascade

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30
Q

Anticoagulants contraindications (3)

A

bleeding disorders
ulcers
hemorrhage

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31
Q

Anticoagulant medications (2)

A

Heparin

Coumadin

32
Q

Heparin function and routes

A

STOPS thrombin from converting fibrinogen to fibrin, IV or SQ

33
Q

Low-molecular weight Heparin, difference, and route

A

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Longer half-life
SQ

34
Q

Heparin counters…?

A

Clot formation (MI, DVT)

35
Q

Heparin, monitor for…?

36
Q

Heparin, avoid consuming? (5)

A 
Foods high in VitK
Green Leafies
Corticosteroids
Salicylates
NSAIDS
37
Q

Desired aPTT on Heparin

A

1.5 - 2x normal value (60 - 80 seconds)

38
Q

Coumadin function

A

interferes w/ coagulation by antagonizing VitK

39
Q

Coumadin generic name

A

Warfarin Sodium

40
Q

Coumadin route and time for therapeutic FX

A

PO, 3 -5 days

Take IV Heparin in the meantime

41
Q

Coumadin contraindicated in clients with…?

A

Low platelets/uncontrolled bleeding

42
Q

Heparin antidote?

A

Protamine Sulfate

43
Q

Coumadin antidote?

A

Mephyton (Vitamin K)

44
Q

Coumadin, avoid consuming? (4)

A

Foods high VitK
Acetaminophen
Glucocorticoids
Aspirin

45
Q

Coumadin patients should be wearing…?

A

A Medical Alert Bracelet

46
Q

How often is Coumadin taken?

47
Q

Heparin/Coumadin safe for pregnancy?

A

Coumadin? NO (Pregnancy Risk Category X)

Heparin? YES

48
Q

Antiplatelets function

A

prevention platelet aggregation by inhibiting enzymes

49
Q

Antiplatelet medications (3)

A

Aspirin (Ecotrin)
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Pentoxifylline (Trental)

50
Q

Antiplatelet specific use for…? (2), type of therapy?

A

MI and Stroke

Low dose therapy (81 mg)

51
Q

Antiplatelet routes

A

Commonly PO

but also IV

52
Q

Antiplatelets Education (4)

A

Watch for bleeding
Take with food
Observe for dizziness, weakness (hemorrhagic stroke)
Report bloody stool

53
Q

Antiplatelet interactions (2)

A

Corticostoids ↑ FX

↓ FX of beta-blockers

54
Q

Thrombolytic Agent

A

Streptokinase (Streptase)

55
Q

Streptokinase (Streptase), when to administer

A

4 - 6 hours onset S/S clot

56
Q

Thrombolytic Agent function

A

dissolve already formed clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin, which destroys fibrinogen and other clotting factors

57
Q

Goal of Thrombolytic Agents. Indicators of +FX (2)

A

Restore circulation
↓ chest pain
↓ ST injury pattern

58
Q

Thrombolytic Agent risk?

A

↑ bleeding

59
Q

After Thrombolytic Agent rids of clot, what then…?

A

Administer Beta-blockers to ↓ myocardial O2 consumption

60
Q

Herbal Supplements

A

ALWAYS ask if they are taking them with medications

Speak with provider of possible interactions

61
Q

Echinacea treats and interactions

A

common cold

↓ effects of antivirals (TB, HIV, cancer)

62
Q

Ginger Root treats

A

platelet aggregation, ↓ N/V and pain r/t rheumatoid arthritis

use cautiously in pregnancy

63
Q

Ginko biloba function and treats (2)

A

promotes vasodilation
mental processes (recall)
ED r/t SSRIs

64
Q

Ginko biloba interactions (2)

A

↓ fx of medications that ↓ seizure threshold
(Antihistamines, Antidepressants,
Antipsychotics)
↓ coagulation

65
Q

Valerian function

A

↑ GABA to prevent insomnia

66
Q

Valerian cautions (4)

A

dependence
depression
mental health disorders
pregnancy

67
Q

Black Cohosh function

A

Estrogen substitute

68
Q

Black Cohosh interactions

A

↑ FX anti-hypertensive and estrogen medications

69
Q

Black Cohosh & insulin

A

↑ hypoglycemia

70
Q

Insulins 3 Characteristisc

A

Onset, peak, duration

71
Q

S/S Hypoglycemia (3)

A

Tachycardia
Palpitations
Diaphoresis

72
Q

S/S Gradual Onset Hypoglycemia (3)

A

Headaches
Tremors
Weakness

73
Q

Rapid Acting Insulin OPD and example

A

↓ 15 minutes
30 min - 1 hour
3 - 4 hours

Lispro (Humalog)

74
Q

Short Acting Insulin OPD and example

A

30 - 1 hour
2 - 3 hours
5 - 7 hours

Regular (Humulin R)

75
Q

Intermediate Acting Insulin OPD and example

A

1 - 2 hours
4 - 12 hours
18 - 24 hours

NPH Insulin (Humulin N)

76
Q

Long-acting Insulin OPD and example

A

1 hour
NO PEAK
10 - 24 hours

Glargine (Lantus)

ATI Capstone (9 decks)

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