Pharmacology - Week 2 Tips Flashcards by Joshua De Jesus

Antiemetics treat…?

N/V

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5-HT Receptor Antagonists (Serotonin Antagonists) - 4

DolaseTRON (Anzement)
GraniseTON (Kytril, Sancuso)
OndanseTRON (Zofran)
TropiseTRON (Navoban)

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Dopamine Antagonists - 2

PromethaZINE (Phenergan)

ProchlorperaZINE (Compazine)

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What 2 other medication classes can be used as Antiemetics?

Antihistamines and Cannabinoids

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IMPORTANT ADFX of Metoclopramide (Relgan)

Extra-pyramidal Effects

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Antihistamines (H1 histamine receptor antagonists) - 3

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Dimenhydrinate (Gravol, Dramamine)
Meclozine (Bonine, Antivert)

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Cannabinaoids - 2

Cannabis (MM) - Schedule 1

Dronabinol (Marinol) - Schedule 3

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What to watch for in antiemetics

Sedation and an addictive effect if given w/ narcotics

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Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) - 5

OmepraZOLE (Prilosec, Zegerid, Omepral, Omez)
LansopraZOLE (Prevacid, Zoton, Inhibitol)
DexlansopraZOLE (Kapidex, Dexilant)
Esmomeprazole (Nexium, Esotrx)
Pantoprazole (Protonix, Somac, Pantozol, Zentro)

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Proton Pump Inhibitors treat…?

high acidity in stomach by shutting off pump

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Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) long-term used ADFX

B-12 deficiency

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Erectile Dysfunction (ED) medications function

↑ nitric oxide which relaxes blood vessels in penis

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Erectile Dysfunction (ED) medications - 3

SildenaFIL (Viagra)
VardenaFIL (Levitra)
TadalaFIL (Cialis)

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VardenaFIL (Levitra) ADFX - 4

headache
flushing
back pain
muscle aches

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SildenaFIL (Viagra) ADFX - 2

vision changes (blue vision)

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DO NOT TAKE Erectile Dysfunction medications if HX of - 3

♥ Problems
Uncontrolled BP
Stroke

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Antianemics treat…

anemia!

w/ iron supplements.
HEAVY, shouldn’t be taken LIGHTLY

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Liquid Iron and Teeth

staining

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Iron IM route and technique

Deep IM and Z track

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Iron and Vitamin C

↑ absorption BUT also ↑ r/o GI complications (DO NOT TAKE)

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How to maximize Iron absoprtion

Take on empty stomach (1 hr before meals)

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Iron ADFX (3) and counter

nausea, constipation, ♥burn, consume with food

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Iron Education (4)

Take at equal intervals
Expect harmless dark green/black stool
↑ water/fiber intact and maintain exercise program
Encourage foods high in iron

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Foods high in iron (4)

Liver
Egg yolks
Muscle Meats
Yeast

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Statins (HMG CoA Reducase Inhibitors) treat...? and 2 other FX

hypercholesterolemia Protection against stroke/MI with DM pts ↑ HDL levels

Statins medications (6)

``` AtorvaSTATIN (Lipitor) SimvaSTATIN (Zocor) LovaSTATIN (Mevacor) PravaSTATIN (Pravachol) RosuvaSTATIN (Crestor) FluvaSTATIN (Lescol) ```

What to be aware of with Statins. Counter routine.

Hepatotoxicity Monitor liver labs first 12 weeks then q6months Monitor CK NO ALCOHOL

Statins Education.

Report weakness, aches, tenderness.

Anticoagulants treat ___ by ___?

prevent blood clots by preventing clotting cascade

Anticoagulants contraindications (3)

bleeding disorders ulcers hemorrhage

Anticoagulant medications (2)

Heparin | Coumadin

Heparin function and routes

STOPS thrombin from converting fibrinogen to fibrin, IV or SQ

Low-molecular weight Heparin, difference, and route

Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Longer half-life SQ

Heparin counters...?

Clot formation (MI, DVT)

Heparin, monitor for...?

Bleeding

Heparin, avoid consuming? (5)

``` Foods high in VitK Green Leafies Corticosteroids Salicylates NSAIDS ```

Desired aPTT on Heparin

1.5 - 2x normal value (60 - 80 seconds)

Coumadin function

interferes w/ coagulation by antagonizing VitK

Coumadin generic name

Warfarin Sodium

Coumadin route and time for therapeutic FX

PO, 3 -5 days | Take IV Heparin in the meantime

Coumadin contraindicated in clients with...?

Low platelets/uncontrolled bleeding

Heparin antidote?

Protamine Sulfate

Coumadin antidote?

Mephyton (Vitamin K)

Coumadin, avoid consuming? (4)

Foods high VitK Acetaminophen Glucocorticoids Aspirin

Coumadin patients should be wearing...?

A Medical Alert Bracelet

How often is Coumadin taken?

Heparin/Coumadin safe for pregnancy?

Coumadin? NO (Pregnancy Risk Category X) | Heparin? YES

Antiplatelets function

prevention platelet aggregation by inhibiting enzymes

Antiplatelet medications (3)

Aspirin (Ecotrin) Clopidogrel (Plavix) Pentoxifylline (Trental)

Antiplatelet specific use for...? (2), type of therapy?

MI and Stroke | Low dose therapy (81 mg)

Antiplatelet routes

Commonly PO | but also IV

Antiplatelets Education (4)

Watch for bleeding Take with food Observe for dizziness, weakness (hemorrhagic stroke) Report bloody stool

Antiplatelet interactions (2)

Corticostoids ↑ FX | ↓ FX of beta-blockers

Thrombolytic Agent

Streptokinase (Streptase)

Streptokinase (Streptase), when to administer

4 - 6 hours onset S/S clot

Thrombolytic Agent function

dissolve already formed clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin, which destroys fibrinogen and other clotting factors

Goal of Thrombolytic Agents. Indicators of +FX (2)

Restore circulation ↓ chest pain ↓ ST injury pattern

Thrombolytic Agent risk?

↑ bleeding

After Thrombolytic Agent rids of clot, what then...?

Administer Beta-blockers to ↓ myocardial O2 consumption

Herbal Supplements

ALWAYS ask if they are taking them with medications Speak with provider of possible interactions

Echinacea treats and interactions

common cold | ↓ effects of antivirals (TB, HIV, cancer)

Ginger Root treats

platelet aggregation, ↓ N/V and pain r/t rheumatoid arthritis use cautiously in pregnancy

Ginko biloba function and treats (2)

promotes vasodilation mental processes (recall) ED r/t SSRIs

Ginko biloba interactions (2)

↓ fx of medications that ↓ seizure threshold (Antihistamines, Antidepressants, Antipsychotics) ↓ coagulation

Valerian function

↑ GABA to prevent insomnia

Valerian cautions (4)

dependence depression mental health disorders pregnancy

Black Cohosh function

Estrogen substitute

Black Cohosh interactions

↑ FX anti-hypertensive and estrogen medications

Black Cohosh & insulin

↑ hypoglycemia

Insulins 3 Characteristisc

Onset, peak, duration

S/S Hypoglycemia (3)

Tachycardia Palpitations Diaphoresis

S/S Gradual Onset Hypoglycemia (3)

Headaches Tremors Weakness

Rapid Acting Insulin OPD and example

↓ 15 minutes 30 min - 1 hour 3 - 4 hours Lispro (Humalog)

Short Acting Insulin OPD and example

30 - 1 hour 2 - 3 hours 5 - 7 hours Regular (Humulin R)

Intermediate Acting Insulin OPD and example

1 - 2 hours 4 - 12 hours 18 - 24 hours NPH Insulin (Humulin N)

Long-acting Insulin OPD and example

1 hour NO PEAK 10 - 24 hours Glargine (Lantus)