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ATI Capstone > Medical Surgical - Week 3 Tips > Flashcards

Medical Surgical - Week 3 Tips Flashcards

1
Q

♥ Sounds (All People Enjoy The Movies)

A 
Aortic - 2nd R intercostal
Pulmonic - 2nd L intercostal
Erb's - 3rd L intercostal
Tricuspid - 4th L intercostal
Mitral/Apex - 5th L intercostal
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2
Q

Stroke Signs (FAST)

A

Face
Arms
Speech
Time

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3
Q

Compartment Syndrome S/S (5Ps)

A 
Pain
Pallor
Pulse declined/absent
Pressure ↑
Paresthesia
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4
Q

Shock S/S (CHORD ITEM)

A 
Cold, clammy skin
Hypotension
Oliguria
Rapid, shallow breathing
Drowsiness, confusion
Irritability
Tachycardia
Elevated/↓ Central Venous Pressure
Multi-Organ Damage
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5
Q

Hypoglycemia S/S (TIRED)

A 
Tachycardia
Irritability
Restlessness
Excessive Hunger
Depression/Diaphoresis
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6
Q

Hypocalcemia S/S (CATS)

A

Convulsions
Arrhythmias
Tetany
Stridor/Spasms

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7
Q

Hypokalemia S/S (6Ls)

A 
Lethargy
Leg cramps
Limp muscles
Low, shallow respirations
Lethal cardiac dysrhythmias
Lots of urine (Polyuria)
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8
Q

Traction Patient Care (TRACTION)

A 
Temperature of extremity
Rope hang freely
Alignment of body
Circulation check
Type/Location fracture
Increase fluid intake
Overhead trapeze
No weights on bed/floor
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9
Q

Cancer Early Warning Signs (CAUTION UP)

A 
▲ bowel/bladder
A non-healing lesion
Unusual bleeding
Thickening of lump
Indigestion/dysphagia
Obvious ▲ to wart/mole
Nagging cough
Unexplained weight loss
Pernicious anemia
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10
Q

Leukemia S/S (ANT)

A

Anemia/↓Hgb
Neutropenia/↓WBC
Thrombocytopenia/↑r/o bleeding

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11
Q

TIA

A

Transient Ischemic Attack (mini-stroke)

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12
Q

Pernicious Anemia

A

anemia r/t inability to absorb Vitamin B12

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13
Q

Uremia and S/S (3)

A

anemia r/t kidney failure

seizures, purpura, lethargy

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14
Q

Purpura

A

rash of purple spots r/t internal bleeding

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15
Q

Asthma Management (ASTHMA)

A 
Adrenergics (Albuterol and bronchodilators)
Steroids
Theophylline
Hydration IV
Mask O2 therapy
Antibiotics if +infx
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16
Q

Hypoxia (early RAT, late BED)

A

Restlessness
Anxiety
Tachycardia/pnea

Bradycardia
Extreme restlessness
Dyspnea

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17
Q

Pneumothorax S/S (P-THORAX)

A 
Pleuretic pain
Trachea deviation
Hyperresonance
Onset sudden
Reduced breath sounds/dyspnea
Absent fremitis
X-ray shows collapsed lung
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18
Q

Constipation counters (3)

A

Exercise
High fiber
Fluid intake

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19
Q

Dysphagia causes (COIE)

A

Certain neuro disorders
Obstruction
Inflammation
Edema

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20
Q

Dysphagia counters (THOA)

A

Thick/textured foods
High Fowlers
Oral Care
Adequate time

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21
Q

Dumping Syndrome and (4) S/S

A

inability of pyloric sphincter to control movement of food into small intestine as r/o gastric surgeries

N/V, distention, cramping, diarrhea 15 minute post-eating

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22
Q

Dumping counters (5)

A 
Small frequent meals
Fluids 1 hr AFTER meals
fat/protein
Ø concentrated sugar
Ø lactose
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23
Q

What is GERD?

A

indigestion and heartburn from backflow of acidic juices onto the mucosa of the lower esophagus

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24
Q

GERD Education (4)

A

Encourage weight loss (if overweight)
Avoid large meals/bedtime snacks
Avoid citrusy, spicy, and carbonated beverages
Avoid foods that reduce lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure

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25
Q

Things that lower LES pressure (6)

A 
Alcohol
Caffeine
Chocolate
Fatty foods
Pepper/Spearmint
Cigarettes
26
Q

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by…?

A

erosion of mucosal layer of stomach or duodenum

27
Q

Causes of PUD (2)?

A 
Bacterial infection (H. Pylori)
Chronic NSAID use (aspirin/ibuprofen)
28
Q

PUD Education (2)

A

AVOID frequent meals/snacks

Avoid Bad things, NSAIDS, black pepper, spicy foods

29
Q

Lactose Intolerance is caused by…?

A

inadequate lactase enzyme that digests lactose

30
Q

S/S Lactose Intolerance (4)

A

distention, cramps, flatus, diarrhea

31
Q

Lactose Intolerance Education

A

Avoid anything with lactose in it (including chocolate and puddings)

32
Q

Diverticulosis/itis is…?

A

pouch(es) in the colon caused by a low-fiber diet which ↑ abdominal pressure

33
Q

Diverticulosis/itis prevention*

A

High fiber diet

UNLESS ACUTE, keep low to reduce bowel stimulation

34
Q

Diverticulosis/itis Education

A

Avoid seeds/husks

35
Q

Cholecystitis is…?

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

36
Q

Cholecystitis counter

A

Reduction of fat intake

37
Q

Cholecystitis aggravators (3)

A

Things with lots of pieces, coffee, and seasoned foods

38
Q

Acute Renal Failure (ARF) is…?

A

a sudden decline in renal function

39
Q

Acute Renal Failure (ARF) causes (4)

A

trauma
sepsis
poor perfusion
medications

40
Q

Acute Renal Failure (ARF) complications (4)

A

HYPOnatremia
HYPERkalemia
HYPOcalcemia
HYPERphosphatemia

41
Q

ARF counter

A

Diet Therapy

42
Q

Pre-End stage Renal Disease (pre-ERD) is…?

A

diminished renal reserve with ↑ in serum CK (predialysis condition)

43
Q

Goals of nutrition therapy for pre-ESRD (3)

A

preserve renal function
control glucose levels
control HTN

44
Q

pre-ESRB and protein

A

restrict to slow progression of disease, but not completely. Proteins needed for health.

45
Q

pre-ESRB and phosphorus

A

restrict to slow progression of disease. High levels r/in calcium and phosphorus deposits in the kidneys.

46
Q

End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is…?

A

Chronic renal failure when GFR is ↓ 24 mL/min and CK steadily rises

DIALYSIS/TRANSPLANT REQUIRED!!!

47
Q

ESRD Diet (5)

A 
HIGH protein
LOW phosphorus
LOW potassium
LOW sodium
Fluid restrictions
48
Q

ESRD caution with 2 labs?

A

Calcium and VitD

49
Q

Why HIGH protein with ESRD?

A

Alot of it (and amino acids) is lost in dialysis

50
Q

ESRD 50% protein consumption source?

A

Biologic sources

51
Q

ESRD calorie consumption ratio? Why?

A

35 cal/kg body weight to maintain protein stores

52
Q

ESRD and phosphorus

A

RESTRICT, put Phosphate Binders with all meals/snacks

53
Q

ESRD and VitD

A

Deficiency occurs b/c kidneys can’t convert it to active form

54
Q

ESRD and Calcium

A

Deficiency because is often found in foods w/ K, which are restricted

55
Q

ESRD and sodium/fluids

A

allowed depending on BP, weight, serum electrolytes, and urine output

56
Q

Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones)

A

Renal calculi in kidneys due to excessive intake of protein, sodium, calcium, and oxalates

57
Q

Oxalates? (3)

A

rhubarb
spinach
beets

58
Q

Kidney Stone prevention?

A

↑ fluid intake

59
Q

Orders of Prioritization (4)

A
  1. Tx immediate threats (ABCs)
  2. Tx actual problem (N/V, full bladder)
  3. Monitor for complications/education
  4. Tx potential problems
60
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (5)

A
  1. Physiological
  2. Safety
  3. Social
  4. Esteem
  5. Self-Actualization
61
Q

Erikson’s Stages of Development (8)

A
  1. Infant 0 - 1 year - Trust vs. Mistrust
  2. Toddler 1 - 3 years - Autonomy vs. Shame
  3. Preschooler 3 - 5 years - Initiative vs Guilt
  4. School Age 6 - 12 years - Industry vs. Inferiority
  5. Adolescent 12 - 18 years - Identity vs. Role Confusion
  6. Young Adult 18 - 35 - Intimacy vs. Isolation
  7. Middle-aged Adult 35 - 65 - Generativity vs. Stagnation
  8. Late Adult 65+ -
    Integrity vs. Despair

ATI Capstone (9 decks)

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