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Case 6: Tuberculosis > Pharmacology: Tuberculosis > Flashcards

Pharmacology: Tuberculosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the duration of treatment for TB

A

Intensive phase: 2 months RIPE
Continuation phase: 4 months RI

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2
Q

What is the duration of extra pulmonary TB treatment

A

Intensive phase for 2 months
Continuation phase for 7 months

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3
Q

Why is the treatment for TB so long

A

To kill all the bacteria (semi dormant)

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4
Q

What is 2 reasons for multi drug use in TB

A

Prevent drug resistance
Work in different environments & kill in different ways

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5
Q

What is multi drug resistance (MDR)

A

Resistance to rifampicin & isoniazid

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6
Q

What is extra drug resistance (XDR)

A

Rifampicin, isoniazid & 2nd line

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7
Q

What is the 3 mechanisms of drug resistance

A
  1. Decrease permeability of drug or increase drug efflux
  2. Enzymes that degrade compounds
  3. DNA mutation
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8
Q

What bacteria is at the cavities

A

Rapid dividing

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9
Q

What bacteria is at the cassation

A

Slow dividing/persistent bacteria due to low pH & oxygen

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10
Q

What is 4 drugs used for TB treatment

A

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

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11
Q

What is 2 characteristics of rifampicin

A

Sterilizing agent against persistent bacteria
Potent inducer that decrease other drugs concentration

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of rifampicin

A

Inhibit RNA polymerase by binding to nuclear pregnane X receptor

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13
Q

What is the 3 side effects of rifampicin

A

DILI
Hypersensitivity
Body fluid discoloration

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14
Q

What is characteristic of isoniazid

A

Acetylar can be slow that cause toxicity or fast that cause sub therapeutic concentration

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of isoniazid

A

Inhibit mycolic acid synthesis

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16
Q

What is the 3 side effects of isoniazid

A

Peripheral neuropathy due to B6 deficiency
Neurotoxicity
DILI

17
Q

What is a characteristic of pyrazinamide

A

A sterilizing agent that acts at low pH (can not work for long duration)

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of pyrazinamide

A

Inhibit cell membrane synthesis

19
Q

What is the 4 side effects of pyrazinamide

A

Gout
DILI
Hypersensitivity
Arthralgia

20
Q

What is 2 characteristics of ethambutol

A

Not given to children
Bacteriostatic (prevent drug resistance)

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of ethambutol

A

Inhibit LAM synthesis

22
Q

What is the side effect of ethambutol

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

Case 6: Tuberculosis (5 decks)

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