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Pharmacology > Pharmacology Test 5 > Flashcards

Pharmacology Test 5 Flashcards

0
Q

What is lung circulation?

A

Pulmonary circulation system transports O2 and CO2
-O2: attaches hemoglobin at capillary levels
-CO2: attached hemoglobin in cells for return to lungs, eliminate from body
Pulmonary arteries transport deoxygenated blood to lungs
Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the heart

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1
Q

What are respiratory tract structures?

A

Function as passageway and conditioners that filter, warm and humidify incoming air.

Nose, pharynx
Larynx, trachea
Bronchi, bronchioles
Lungs

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2
Q

What is the systemic nervous system role in respiration?

A

Brain regulates respiratory rate and depth
-stimulated by increased CO2 levels
Cough reflex protects lungs

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3
Q

What is the systemic musculoskeletal system role in respiration?

A

Muscles of inspiration: Diaphragm, external intercostals

Muscles in expiration: abdominal, internal intercostals

Overuse of muscles indicate respiratory issues

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4
Q

What are some respiratory system disorders?

A 
Respiratory tract infections
Allergy disorders
Inflammatroy disorders
Conditions that obstruct airflow
Lung injuries

Want it to be localized over systemic

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5
Q

What are respiratory system medications more effective in treating.

A

Symptoms rather then the underlying disorders

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6
Q

What re the different respiratory system medications?

A 
Bronchodilators: airway constriction 
Anti-inflammatory agents: decrease inflammations and constriction
Antihistamine
Nasal decongestant
Antitussives, cold remedies
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7
Q

What are the characteristics of bronco constrictive disorder?

A 
Bronchoconstriction 
Inflammation
Mucosal edema
Excessive mucous production 
     -asthma, bronchitis, emphysema
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8
Q

What are characteristics of asthma?

A

Inflammation
Bronchoconstrion
Hyper reactive airway reaction

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9
Q

What are the 3 categories of asthma?

A

Allergic: hypersensitivity to allergens such as pollen, mold, smoke, food
Idiopathic: unknown cause. Many times pts just getting over condition
Mixed: cold, weather, exercise

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10
Q

What are symptoms of asthma?

A

Short of breath
Chest tightness
Wheezing
Sputum

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11
Q

What other illness is associated with asthma?

A

GERD

set off asthma after dinner when lay down and acid comes back up

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12
Q

Way is COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder

Develops with long standing exposure to airway irritants
More chronic and less reversible then asthma
Permanent
Best hope is to relieve symptoms
Have a barrel chest

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13
Q

What are the drug classifications for bronchoconstrictive drug therapy?

A

Long term control: prophylactic. Prohibits reaction
Quick relief

Bronchodilators
Anti-inflammatory medications

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14
Q

What are the different categories of bronchodilators?

A

Adrenergics

Anticholinergics

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15
Q

What are the adrenergic bronchodilator?

A

Stimulate receptors in bronchi and bronchioles
Want to stimulate Beta2

Typically used for rescue
Long active Seruvent or Terbutaine are not used in emergency

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16
Q

What ate the anticholinergic bronchodilators?

A

Block action of acetylcholine in bronchial smooth muscle
Slow acting
Used for prophylaxis
Bronchospasm prevents COPD

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17
Q

What are adverse effects of bronchodilators

A

Decreased sleep
Increased heart rate
Makes airway less permeable
Decreased swelling
Increased ability to clear airway
Increase strength of Diaphram contraction
Hyperglycemia: dry mouth, throat, rinse mouth after inhaler, nasal congestion, coughing and urinary retention

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18
Q

What are the different anti-inflammatory agents

A

Corticosteroids
Leukotriene modifier drugs
Mast cell stabilizers

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19
Q

What are corticosteroids?

A

Treat acute and chronic asthma
Systemic: hydrocortisone, helps repair damaged epithelium in airway, increase receptor sites
Adverse effect: dry mouth, fungal, tapered off
Drugs: Becomethlazone, coma cord, aerobid, Flonaze

20
Q

What are leukotriene modifier drugs?

A

Long term treatment of asthma
Leukotrines related to bronchoconstriction
Used in combo with other drugs

Drugs: singular, aculate

21
Q

What are mast cell stabilizers?

A

Prevent release of bronchoconstrictive and inflammartoy substances

Used for prophylaxis but not preferred metachtomile

22
Q

What how to distinct toxicity in anti-inflammatory agents

A

Occur due to overdose of bronchodilators in effort to relieve dyspnea

23
Q

What are bronchodilator adverse effects?

A

Excessive cardiac simulations

Excessive CNS stimulation

24
Q

What are antihistamines?

A

Medications that antagonize the action of histamine.

H1 and H2 sites are inhibited when interact with with H1 seeded bronchoconstriction, increased capillary permeability, increased mucous, pain, itching and capillary dilation.

25
Q

What are the types of responses to cell mediated invasion?

A

Type I, II and III: antibody molecules

Type IV: antigen specific T cells

26
Q

What are type I reactions?

A

Serious, anaphylactic, doesn’t happen first time

27
Q

What are type II reactions:

A

Reactoon to blood transfers
Hemolytic anemia
Hemolytic newborn
Penicillin and heparin cause it

28
Q

What are type III reactions

A

Antigen and antibody complex

Causes inflammation and serum sickness

29
Q

What are type IV antibody reactions

A

TB test
Contact Dermitis
Graft rejection

30
Q

What is allergic rhinitis and what type of reaction is it?

A

Inflammation of nasal mucosa

Type 1 reaction

31
Q

What are the symptoms of allergic rhinitis

A

Nasal congestion

Watery discharge

32
Q

What are the types of allergic rhinitis?

A

Seasonal: pollen, weeds, tree bloom

Parental: non-seasonal dust, mold, pet dander

33
Q

What is contact dermatitis?

A

Type IV reaction
More then 24 hours after exposure
Can last for weeks

Symptoms: tender, itch and inflammation

34
Q

What are allergic food reactions?

A

Immune response to ingestion of a protein

Shellfish, fish, corn, seeds, banana, egg, milk, soy, peanuts, tree nuts

In children common allergies are milk, egg, wheat, soy

35
Q

How can you decrease risk of allergy I. Children

A

New food every 1-2 weeks

36
Q

What are indicators of latex allergy

A

Seeds, banana, peanut

37
Q

When should an allergic drug reaction be considered

A

New signs and symptoms develop

Differ from usual manifestations of illness being treated

38
Q

What are the most common drug allergies

A

Penicillin
Contrast media
Iodine
Anti inflammatory aspirin

39
Q

What are pseudo allergic drug reactions

A

Look like immune response but d t produce antibodies

40
Q

What are general characteristics of antihistamines

A

H1 antagonist

Prevent or reduce physiologic effect that histamines produces at receptor sites
Inhibit smooth muscle contraction
Decrease salivation and mucous
Decrease capillary permeability

41
Q

What are antihistamine indication for use?

A 
Relieve symptoms but not hypersensitivity
Allergic rhinitis
Anaphylaxis 
Allergic conjunctivitis 
Drug allergies
Blood product and transfusion
dermatological condition

Increase secretion thickness cause problems with bronchoconstriction
H2 antagonist: Claritin, allegra, zyrtect
H1 antagonist: fist line, Benadryl, vitraril, phenergan, chase drowsiness and clouded thinking

42
Q

What are to general characteristics of respiratory disorder medications

A 
Nasal decongestant
Antitussives
Expectorant
Mucolytic
Cold remedies
43
Q

What are nasal decongestants

A

Relieve swelling and vasoconstriction drugs

Aprine nasal spray can cause congestion use no more then 3 days

44
Q

What are Antitussives?

A

Cough suppressant
Used in narcotics

Non-narcotics: dextra, codeine, cough drops

Be given for dry hacking non-productive cough

45
Q

What are expectorants

A

Liquefy secretions

Guinephasin

46
Q

What are mucolytics

A

Typically given by inhalation.

Seen in mucal mist done with saline

47
Q

What are cold remedies

A

Contain antihistamines decongestant and caution pt if daytime or nighttime use

Daytime has stimulant
Nighttime has benedril

Tamaflu: premise is to limit spread of cold. Properties against influenza A or B

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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