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MBCHB - PRINCIPLES 1 Summary > Pharmacology Summary > Flashcards

Pharmacology Summary Flashcards

Incomplete

1
Q

Pharmacodynamics meaning

A

What a drug does to the body

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2
Q

Pharmacokinetics meaning

A

What the body does to a drug

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3
Q

What are receptors?

A

Class of cellular macromolecules

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4
Q

What is an agonist?

A

Drug that binds to a receptor

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5
Q

What is affinity?

A

Strength of association between ligand and receptor

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6
Q

What is efficacy?

A

Ability of an agonist to evoke a cellular response

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7
Q

Do agonists have affinity and efficacy?

A

Agonists have affinity and efficacy

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8
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Drug that blocks the actions of an agonist

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9
Q

Do antagonist possess affinity and efficacy?

A

Possess affinity but lacks efficacy

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10
Q

What is competitive antagonism?

A

Binding of agonist and antagonist occur at the same site

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11
Q

Does competitive antagonism affect maximal response?

A

No

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12
Q

How is competitive antagonism overcame?

A

Increasing concentration of agonist

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13
Q

What is non-competitive antagonism?

A

Agonist binds at one site and antagonist binds at a separate site

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14
Q

During non-competitive antagonism what does antagonist binding cause?

A

Activation cannot occur when is bound

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15
Q

Does non-competitive antagonism effect maximal response?

A

It decreases maximal response

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16
Q

Does a concentration increase of agonist effect maximal response?

A

No

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17
Q

What is absorption?

A

Process by which a drug enters the body from its site of administration

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18
Q

What is distribution?

A

Process by which drug leaves circulation and enters the tissues perfused with blood

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19
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Process by which tissue enzymes catalyse chemical conversion of a drug to a more polar form that is more readily excreted from the body

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20
Q

What is excretion?

A

Process that removes the drug from the body

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21
Q

What factors control drug absorption?

A

Solubility
Chemical stability
Lipid to water partition coefficient
Degree of inonisation

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22
Q

How does solubility affect drug absorption?

A

Drug must be able to dissolve

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23
Q

How does chemical stability affect drug absorption?

A

Some drug may be dissolved by acid

24
Q

How does lipid to water partition coefficient affect drug absorption?

A

Rate of diffusion of drug increases with lipid solubility

25
Q

What affects the degree of ionisation?

A

pKa of the drug and local pH

26
Q

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

A

pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])

27
Q

What is pKa?

A

pH in which 50% of drug is ionised and 50% is unionised

28
Q

If Ka is large?

A

Strong acid

29
Q

What is oral availability?

A

Fraction of drug that reaches systemic circulation after oral ingestion

30
Q

What is systemic availability?

A

Fraction of drug that reaches systemic circulation after absorption

31
Q

What are the routes of administration?

A

Enteral
Parenteral

32
Q

How are enteral drugs absorbed?

A

Via the gut

33
Q

How are Parenteral drugs absorbed?

A

Not via the gut

34
Q

Examples of enteral methods of administration

A

Oral
Sublingual
Rectal

35
Q

Examples of parenteral methods of administration

A

Intravenous
Intramuscular and subcutaneous
Inhalation
Topical

36
Q

What is a feature of drugs within systemic circulation?

A

Can be distributed to one or more body fluid compartment

37
Q

Are drugs evenly distributed within the body?

A

No

38
Q

What is volume distribution?

A

Apparent volume in which a drug is dissolved

39
Q

What is the volume distribution equation for IV?

A

Vd = dose/plasma concentration

40
Q

What is MEC?

A

Minimum effective concentration

41
Q

What is MTC?

A

Maximum tolerated concentration

42
Q

Formula for therapeutic ratio

A

Therapeutic Ratio = MTC/MEC

43
Q

What does a high therapeutic ratio indicate?

A

That drug is safe

44
Q

What is the rate of elimination directly proportional to?

A

Drug concentration

45
Q

How is plasma concentration effected by elimination?

A

Falls exponentially

46
Q

Half life equation

A

T1/2 = 0.693 * Vd / CL

47
Q

What is clearance?

A

The volume of plasma cleared of drug in unit of time

48
Q

Equation for rate of clearance

A

Rate of elimination = clearance * plasma concentration

49
Q

After how many half lives is steady state reached?

A

5

50
Q

When does steady state exist?

A

Rate of drug administration = rate of drug elimination

51
Q

Equation to determine Cpss (Steady state concentration)

A

Cpss = maintainance does rate / clearance

52
Q

During oral dosing how does the plasma concentration behave?

A

Fluctuates about an average steady state value

53
Q

What is Vd?

A

Volume of distribution

54
Q

What is volume of distribution?

A

Volume into which a drug appears to be distributed with a concentration equal to that of plasma

55
Q

What is loading dose?

A

Use of an initial higher dose of drug before stepping down to lower maintenance dose

56
Q

Why is loading dose used?

A

Decreases time to stead state in drugs with a long half life

57
Q

What is half life?

A

Time for the concentration of drug plasma to halve

MBCHB - PRINCIPLES 1 Summary (5 decks)

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