Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MBCHB - PRINCIPLES 1 Summary > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What colour do Gram negative bacteria stain?

A

Pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What colour do Gram positive bacteria stain?

A

Purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What shape are cocci?

A

Spheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What shape are bacilli?

A

Rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the main shapes of bacteria?

A

Cocci, bacilli, spirals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are cocci in chains called?

A

Strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are cocci in clumps called?

A

Staph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why do Gram positive stain purple?

A

Due to the presence of a thick layer of peptidoglycan in their cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of toxin do Gram negative bacteria produce and where are they located?

A

Endotoxin, part of cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of toxin do Gram positive bacteria produce and where are they located?

A

Exotoxin, produced inside of cell and are exported from it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary fission - asexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Definition of pathogen?

A

Harmful organism producing a pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Definition of commensal?

A

Part of normal flora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Definition of opportunistic pathogen?

A

Usually causes problems in immunocompromised patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Definition of a contaminant?

A

Grows in culture by accident

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Definition of pathogenicity

A

Ability of an organism to cause disease/infect host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Definition of virulence

A

Degree of pathogenicity/severity of disease in host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is coagulase test used for?

A

Differentiate between coagulase positive and coagulase negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What organism appears golden on blood agar plate?

A

Staph Aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is alpha haemolysis?

A

Partial haemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is partial haemolysis caused by?

A

By enzymes denaturing haemoglobin in RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is beta haemolysis?

A

Complete haemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is complete haemolysis caused by?

A

By enzymes that lyse RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is gamma haemolysis?

A

No haemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the commonest cause of meningitis?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What causes gonorrhoea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the first antibiotic used to treat infections caused by coliforms?

A

Gentamicin

28
Q

Viral replication

A
29
Q

Definition of bactericidal

A

Kills bacteria

30
Q

Definition of bacteriostatic

A

Inhibits bacterial growth

31
Q

What do antibiotics act on and affect?

A

Act on cell wall
Affect bacterial ribosome
Act on bacterial DNA

32
Q

What effect do antibiotics that act on the cell wall have?

A

Interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis

33
Q

What effect do antibiotics have that affect bacterial ribosomes?

A

Interfere with protein synthesis

34
Q

What effect do antibiotics that act on bacterial DNA have?

A

Interfere with nucleic acid synthesis

35
Q

What types of antibiotics act on cell wall?

A

Penicillins, Clephalosporins and Glycopeptides

36
Q

How does Penicillin affect cell wall?

A

Stops cross linking and causes autolysins to degrade cell wall

37
Q

What is Flucloxacillin used for?

A

Is used in skin and soft tissue infection, wound infection and cellulitis

38
Q

Which class of antibiotic is safe in pregnancy?

A

Penicillin

39
Q

Are Penicillins Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal

40
Q

Example of a Cephalosporin

A

Ceftriaxone

41
Q

Are Cephalosporins Bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal

42
Q

How do penicillins leave the body?

A

Excreted rapidly via kidneys

43
Q

Example of a Glycopeptide

A

Vancomycin

44
Q

Are Glycopeptides Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal

45
Q

How do Glycopeptides effect the cell wall?

A

Bind to end of growing chain during synthesis to also prevent cross linking and weaken wall

46
Q

What types of antibiotics affect protein synthesis (as attach to bacterial ribosomes)?

A

Macrolides, Tetracyclines, Aminoglycosides

47
Q

Example of a Macrolide

A

Erythromycin

48
Q

Are Macrolides bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

49
Q

How do Macrolides attach to bacteria ribosomes affecting protein synthesis?

A

Lipophilic
Pass through cell membranes easily

50
Q

Example of a Tetracycline

A

Doxycycline

51
Q

Are Tetracyclines bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

52
Q

Example of an Aminoglycoside

A

Gentamicin

53
Q

Are Aminoglycosides bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

54
Q

Are Aminoglycosides mainly active against Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria

A

Mainly active against gram negative bacteria

55
Q

Types of antibiotics that act on DNA

A

Metronidazole, Trimethoprim, Fluroquinolones

56
Q

What does Metronidazole cause?

A

Causes strand breakage of bacterial DNA

57
Q

What does Trimethoprim do?

A

Inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis

58
Q

What does Fluroquinolones do?

A

Stops supercoiling of bacterial DNA so it cannot replicate

59
Q

What 4Cs increase risk of C. difficile

A

Cephalosporins
Co-amoxiclav
Ciprofloxacin
Clindamycin

60
Q

What causes bacterial resistance?

A

Genetic mutation
Transfer of DNA that codes for resistance

61
Q

What is the harm in unnecessary prescription of antibiotics?

A

Unnecessary antibiotics encourages the development of resistant strains

62
Q

Methods of DNA transfer that cause bacterial resistance

A

Transformation, Conjugation, Transduction

63
Q

What is transformation in bacterial resistance?

A

When bacteria die and cells break apart, free floating DNA released into environment and can be scavenged

64
Q

What is conjugation in bacterial resistance?

A

Plasmid duplicate is transferred from one bacteria to another

65
Q

What is transduction in bacterial resistance?

A

Viruses infecting bacteria can transfer bits of DNA from one bacterium to another

66
Q

Is meningitis gram negative or gram positive?

A

Gram negative

67
Q

Is gonorrhoea gram negative or gram positive?

A

Gram negative

MBCHB - PRINCIPLES 1 Summary (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions