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Redew 208 > Pharmacology secondary > Flashcards

Pharmacology secondary Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the mechanism of action of Levosimendan

A

Increase the sensitivity of troponin C fibers to Ca which improves myocardial contractility

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2
Q

What are the uses of Alpha methyl dopa?

A

Hypertension with pregnancy

Mild and moderate hypertension

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3
Q

What are 4 adverse effects of alpha methyl dopa?

A

Bradycardia
Postural hypotension
Sedation
Night mares

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4
Q

What are the uses of Clonidine?

A

Hypertension
Migraine headache prophylaxis
Used in morphine withdrawal

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5
Q

Explain the Na Nitroprusside mechanism of acion

A

Same as nitrates

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6
Q

Enumerate the Spironolactone therapeutic uses

A

Hyperaldosteronism
Refractory edema
Essential hypertension
In combination with thiazide

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7
Q

Therapeutic use of nitrates

A

All types of angina pectoris
Congestive heart failure

Acute myocardial infarction
Coronary by pass surgery

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8
Q

Mechanism of action of Calcium channel blocker

A

Block voltage of L calcium channel present in heart. They decrease calcium influx

Cardiac muscle inhibition
Arteriol VD

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9
Q

Give the uses of ACEI

A

Hypotension
Heart failure
Myocardial infarction to decrease the infraction size

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10
Q

Therapeutic uses of digitalis

A

patient with reduced ejection fraction HF

Atrial Fibrillation

Supra-ventricular tachycardia

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11
Q

Contraindication of digitalis

A

Sick sinus syndrome
Cardiac ischemia
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiac ischemia

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12
Q

Mannitol Mechanism of action and uses

A

MOA: inhibits water reabsorption

Uses: Glucoma, to lower intracranial pressure

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13
Q

Explain the mechanism of action of Ivabradine

A

It selectively inhibits the cardiac pacemaker funny current that controls diastolic depolarization in sinus node.

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14
Q

4 Contraindications of Nitrates

A

Allergy to nitrates
Bradycardia under 50 BPM
Infraction of Rt ventricle
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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15
Q

Heparin uses

A

Deep venous thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism
cerebral thrombosis
myocardial infarction

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16
Q

Enumerate uses of neostigmine

A

Miotic in glaucoma
Paralytic ileus
Post-operative urine retention
Myasthenia gravis

Antidote to atropine toxicity

17
Q

Enumerate the uses of Atropine

A

Counter act vagal tone during surgery

Decrease salivary and bronchial secretion

treatment of neostigmine and organophosphorus poising.

Fundus examination

18
Q

Toxicity of atropine

A

Tachycardia

Mydriasis with blurred vision

Constipation and urine retention

Dry mouth and dry skin

19
Q

Enumerate the contraindications of Atropine

A

Angina and arrhythmia

Glaucoma

Constipation and paralytic ileus

Senile enlargement of prostate (makes urine retention worst)

20
Q

Enumerate the uses of Hyoscine

A

Parkinsonism
Motion sickness prophylaxis
Meniere’s disease

21
Q

Discuss the therapeutic uses of adrenaline

A

Prolongation of local anesthetics

Acute Bronchial asthma

Anaphylactic shock

Cardiac resuscitation

22
Q

Toxicity side effect of adrenaline

A

Hypertension

cerebral hemorrhage

Finger gangrene if give local anesthesia

Tachycardia

23
Q

What are the actions of dopamine

A

Rate of infusion has different effect

Low rate: VD and decrease PR, and increase renal blood flow and urine output

Moderate rate: +ve ionotropic and +ve chrono tropic

High rate: Generalized VC

24
Q

Therapeutic uses of Dopamine

A

In Cardiogenic, hemorrhagic and heart failure

25
Q

Toxicity side effects of Dopamine

A

Ventricular arrhythmia
Nausea and vomiting
Rise in BP

26
Q

Actions of Prazosin (Alpha- Blocker)

A

Vasodilation
Direct smooth muscle relaxation

VD action is not accompanied by reflex tachycardia since it is an selective alpha 1 blocker

Has mixed VD

27
Q

Uses of Alpha-Blocker

A

Hypertension (used orally)
Heart failure (decrease both preload and afterload)

28
Q

Side effects of Alpha-Blocker?

A

First does phenomenon gives postural hypotension
Dry mouth
Nausea vomiting
Allergy

29
Q

CVS action of Beta-Blocker ?

A

-ve inotropic

-ve chronotropic

delays AV conduction

reduce heart work and O2 consumption

30
Q

Mention three cardiac actions for digitalis.

A

Bradycardia
improve contractility
Decrease AV conduction

31
Q

Explain why Beta blockers are not combined with digitalis therapy.

A

Because both digitalis and beta blockers cause bradycardia, it can result in dangerously low heart rate.

32
Q

What are the disadvantages of Hydralazine (Vaso-dilator)?

A

Hypersensitivity
Upsets GIT
Contraindicated in Angina
Contraindicated in Kidney disease

33
Q

Labetalol 3 uses

A

Hypertensive emergency
Hypertension in toxemia of pregnancy
Pheochromocytoma

34
Q

what are the manifestations of digitalis toxicity?

A

Bradycardia
Headache
Nausea
Vomiting

Redew 208 (5 decks)

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