Pharmacology MCQs Flashcards
Regarding the factors affecting dosages of the drugs, which if the following is INCORRECT
a. Females need smaller doses than males
b. Irritant drugs must be given after meals
c. Renal glomerular filtration rate is decreased in geriatrics
d. Pediatrics have less body water and less permeable BBB than adults
d. Pediatrics have less body water and less permeable BBB than adults
Which of the following explains the wide use of neostigmine in reversing the action of competitive neuromuscular blockers used insurgical operation
a. A better return of memory after operation
b. its anticholinesterase enzyme activity
c. Its good CNS penetration leading to better recovery
d. Anti-muscarinic actions leading to decreased secretions
b. its anticholinesterase enzyme activity
A decrease in intracellular c-AMP results from stimulation of the following receptors?
Beta2 receptors
Alpha1 receptors
M2 receptors
Nn receptors
M2 receptors
Which of the following describes a therapeutic use of the cholinomimetic, alkaloid, pilocarpine
Sialagogue in dryness of mouth
A mydriatic in cases of glaucoma
Inhibtion of hair growth
As an add on therapy for cases of parkinsonism
Sialagogue in dryness of mouth
Which of the following explains the use of pralidoxime in the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning?
Its sedative effect
Its antimuscarinic effect
Its anticonvulsant effect
It reactivates cholinesterase enzyme
It reactivates cholinesterase enzyme
Contraindications of atropine include which of the following
Heart block
Glaucoma
Organophosphorus poisoning
Diarrhea
Glaucoma
Which of the following is expected when using parasympathetic depressants as eye drops?
Pupillary constriction
Decreased IOP
Loss of accommodation
Bronchospasm
Decreased IOP
Compared to atropine, hyoscine is more likely to
Induced vomiting
Precipitate tachycardia
Produce convulsions at toxic doses
Cause CNS depressant effect
Cause CNS depressant effect
Which of the following is an anticholinesterase used in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Pyridostigmine
Rivastigmine
Tropicamide
Echothiophate
Rivastigmine
An old male patient known to have benign prostatic hypertrophy complained recently from recurrent intestinal colic. A certain drug was prescribed but unfortunately this led to acute urine retention. Which of the following drugs could be the prescribed drug?
Atropine
Neostigmine
Propranolol
Carbachol
Atropine
In a patient suffering from organophosphorus poising, which of the following pharmacological effects could you except after he is being treated with atropine?
Bradycardia and bronchodilation
Tachycardia and bronchodilation
Hypotension and bronchoconstriction
Bradycardia and hypotension
Tachycardia and bronchodilation
Which of the following can cause reversal of a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker by forming with it a complex that diffuses away from the neuromuscular junction into circulation and is excreted in the urine?
Edrophonium
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine
Sugammadex
Sugammadex
Which of the following is considered a pharmacological action of phenylephrine?
Blocking muscarinic receptors
Increasing the blood pressure
Blocking B-adrenergic receptors
Increasing the heart rate
Increasing the blood pressure
Which of the following conditions is considered a therapeutic indication for using dobutamine?
Hypertension
Cardiogenic shock
Glaucoma
Arrhythmia
Cardiogenic shock
Dopamine used in low infusion rate (3-3 microgram/kg/min) to
Decreased heart rate
Elevated blood pressure
Increase cardiac output
Increase renal blood flow
Increase renal blood flow
Which if the following is a selective B1 adrenoreceptors blocker?
Propranolol
Timolol
Atenolol
Nadolol
Atenolol
The following B-blocker has vasodilator properties and can be used in patients with heart failure:
Carvedilol
Propranolol
Clonidine
Sotalol
Carvedilol
Which of the following drugs may mask the hypoglycemia in treated diabetic patients?
B-agonist
B-blockers
a-agonists
a-Blockers
B-blockers
A patient was prescribed the alpha blocker prazosin. Which of the following adverse effects would be most likely to occur during the first days of therapy?
Impaired micturition
Pale and cold skin
Bronchoconstriction
Postural hypotension
Postural hypotension
A 40 year old patient is about to undergo cancer chemotherapy with a drug combination that produced severe nausea and vomiting. The antiemetic drug most likely to be included in her regimen is:
Bromocriptine
Cetirizine
Cimetidine
Ondansetron
Ondansetron
A 20 year old woman is taking diphenhydramine for severe hay fever. Which of the following adverse effects is she most likely to report?
Miosis
Sedation
Bradycardia
Increase salivary secretion
Sedation
All of the following are actions of angiotensin II EXCEPT:
Powerful vasoconstriction
Inducing cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling
Increasing biosynthesis and secretion of aldosterone
Decreasing the release of noradrenaline
Decreasing the release of noradrenaline
The site of action thiazide diuretics is
The proximal convoluted tubules
The distal convoluted tubules
The thick ascending loop of Henle
The collecting tubules
The distal convoluted tubules
Which of the following diuretics would be most useful to lower intracranial pressure in a comatose patient with brain injury and cerebral edema?
Amiloride
Ethacrynic acid
Furosemide
Mannitol
Mannitol
Which of the following diuretics decrease calcium excretion and thus could be used in the treatment of idiopathic hypercalciuric and renal calcium stones
Furosemide
Spironolactone
Hydrochlorothiazide
Mannitol
Hydrochlorothiazide
Which of the following is a potential side effect of thiazide diuretics?
Deafness
Diarrhea
Cystitis
Hyperuricemia
Hyperuricemia
Although both spironolactone and triamterene are potassium sparring diuretics, triamterene differs in that
it has a greater natriuretic action
it induces powerful anti-androgenic effects
Its K+ retaining action is not dependent on the presence of aldosterone
It acts from the luminal membrane side of the proximal tubular cells
Its K+ retaining action is not dependent on the presence of aldosterone
Which of the following diuretics has ototoxic effect and could results in deafness?
Furosemide
Amiloride
Hydrochlorothiazide
Acetazolamide
Furosemide
Which of the following medications is the most likely to increase the cardiac output in a heart failure patient without having inotropic action?
Captopril
Digoxin
Isoproterenol
Theophylline
Captopril
In treatment of angina pectoris, which of the following acts by inhibition of the cardiac pacemaker If current to control the heart rate?
Ranolazine
Trimetazidine
Ivabradine
Verapamil
Ivabradine
It is contraindicated to prescribe Propranolol for a patient suffering from angina pectoris who is already receiving
Nifedipine
Amlodipine
Verapamil
Isosorbide mononitrate
Verapamil
A 53 year-old man diagnosed with exertional angina was prescribed oral isosorbide mononitrate. Which of the following molecular actions most likely mediate the therapeutic efficacy of this drug in the patients disease?
Decreased synthesis guanylyl cyclase
Phosphorylation of the myosin light chain kinase
Increased intracellular Ca+2 concentration
Nitric oxide release and stimulated formation of cGMP
Nitric oxide release and stimulated formation of cGMP
Select from the following the drug which is a potassium channel opener as well as a nitric oxide donor:
Diazoxide
Sodium nitroprusside
Hydralazine
Nicorandil
Nicorandil
A 65 year old man had intermittent angina when he exercise in cold weather. His primary care physician places him on sublingual nitroglycerine to be taken at the onset of symptoms. The patient must be warned of which if the following side effects?
Erectile dysfunction
Headache
Hypertension
Bradycardia
Headache
Which of the following is an antianginal drug that consistently decrease the heart rate and is used in prophylaxis of vasospastic (variant) angina ?
Isosorbide nitrate
Nitroglycerin
Verapamil
Propranolol
Verapamil
Which of the following is an adverse effect of nifedipine?
Bronchospasm
Bradycardia
Ankle edema
Peripheral neuropathy
Ankle edema
Which of the following combinations of drugs reduce both preload and afterload?
Nitroglycerine and isosorbide dinitrate
Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate
Amlodipine and minoxidil
Hydralazine and diazoxide
Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate
Rebound hypertension on sudden stoppage of medication is most likely to occur with which of the following drugs?
Prazosin
Lisinopril
Clonidine
Hydrochlorothiazide
Clonidine
All of the following are adverse effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) EXCEPT:
Hypokalemia
Dry irritant cough
Teratogenic effects
First dose hypotension
Hypokalemia
Which of the following is the drug of choice in the treatment of hypertension in toxemia of pregnancy?
Captopril
Labetalol
Frusemide
Valsartan
Labetalol
One of the following is direct arteriolar vasodilator that may produce lupus erythematosus -like syndrome as an adverse effect
Sodium nitroprusside
Diazoxide
Minoxidil
Hydralazine
Hydralazine
Which one of the following is a very powerful mixed balanced vasodilator?
Minoxidil
Diazoxide
Hydralazine
Sodium nitroprusside
Sodium nitroprusside
Tachycardia is one of the adverse effects of which of the following antihypertensive drugs?
Verapamil
Nadolol
Captopril
Nifedipine
Nifedipine
Which of the following angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) could be used in patient with renal impairment as it is excreted in bile only?
Lisinopril
Fosinopril
Enalapril
Captopril
Fosinopril
What cellular action of digoxin accounts for its inotropic effect in the treatment of heart failure?
Inhibition of cyclic adenosine 5’-monophosphate (cAMP) synthesis
Inhibition of mitochondrial calcium (Ca+2) release
Inhibition of the Na+/K+ ATPase enzyme
Inhibition of B-adrenergic simulation
Inhibition of the Na+/K+ ATPase enzyme
Which if the following could increase digitalis toxicity?
Use of spironolactone
Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia
Anti-acids
Hypokalemia
Digitalis is used in cases of atrial fibrillation because
It restores atrial rhythm
It decreased A-V conduction
It decreased atrial excitability
It decreases automaticity
It decreased A-V conduction
Which of the following drugs act by inhibiting neprilysin enzyme and is used in the treatment of heart failure.
Dobutamine
Milrinone
Digoxin
Sacubitril
Sacubitril
Which of the following inotropic drugs act by increasing the sensitivity of ionotropic C fibers to ionic calcium improving myocardial contractility?
Levosimendan
Amrinone
Milrinone
Isoproterenol
Levosimendan
Which one of the following drugs is used in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmia WITHOUT heart block
Lidocaine
Phenytoin
Propranolol
Bisoprolol
Lidocaine
Which of the following drugs can treat severe and refractory supraventricular ?
Lidocaine
Minoxidil
Amiodarone
Captopril
Amiodarone
A 72 year old female is being treated for hyperlipidemia with pravastatin for the past 6 months. Her physician wished to add for her an additional agent to block the absorption of exogenous cholesterol. Which of the following choices would serve this function?
Niacin
Probucol
Gemfibrozil
Ezetimibe
Ezetimibe
A patient comes into the ER with gallstones, after further investigations, you find out that he is on drugs to treat his hyperlipidemia. Which of the following drugs could have caused his gall stones?
Simvastatin
Fenofibrate
Ezetimibe
Colestipol
Fenofibrate
A patient develops sever thrombocytopenia in response to treatment with unfractionated heparin and the case is diagnosed as heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Which of the following drugs is suitable as a parenteral anticoagulant in this condition?
Alteplase
Argatroban
Rivaroxaban
Dabigatran
Argatroban
Which if the following is a fibrin-specific plasminogen activator?
Altepase
Aminocaproic acid
Streptokinase
Tranexamic acid
Altepase
The antiplatelet drug that inhibits reversibly the binding of ADP to P2Y12 receptors on platelets is
Clopidogrel
Prasugrel
Ticagrelor
Tirofiban
Ticagrelor
Which of the following is an oral anticoagulant that acts as a factor X inhibitor?
Dapigatran
Enoxaparin
Fondaparinux
Rivaroxban
Rivaroxban
