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Reproductive System > Pharmacology [Repro] > Flashcards

Pharmacology [Repro] Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of sildenafil?

A

Inhibit phosphodiesterase 5, resulting in increased cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation in corpus cavernosum

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of vardenafil?

A

Inhibit phosphodiesterase 5, resulting in increased cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation in corpus cavernosum

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3
Q

What are the indications for leuprolide?

A

Pulsatile - infertility

Continuous - prostate cancer, uterine fibroids, precocious puberty, endometriosis

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of leuprolide?

A

GnRH agonist when administered in pulses, antagonistic effect when continuous

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5
Q

What are the side effects of leuprolide?

A

Antiandrogen, nausea, vomiting

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6
Q

To what drug class does leuprolide belong?

A

GnRH analog

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7
Q

What are the indications for testosterone (and methyltestosterone)?

A

Hypogonadism, anabolic stimulation after burn or severe injury

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8
Q

What are the side effects of testosterone (and methyltestosterone)?

A

Masculinization in females, gonadal atrophy, premature closure of epiphyseal plates, dyslipidemia

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9
Q

To what drug class does testosterone (and methyltestosterone) belong?

A

Androgen

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10
Q

What are the indications for finasteride?

A

BPH, male pattern baldness

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of finasteride?

A

5α-reductase inhibitor

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12
Q

What are the side effects of finasteride?

A

Gynecomastia

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13
Q

To what drug class does finasteride belong?

A

Antiandrogen

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14
Q

What are the indications for flutamide?

A

Prostate carcinoma

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of flutamide?

A

Non-steroidal competitive inhibitor of testosterone receptor

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16
Q

To what drug class does flutamide belong?

A

Antiandrogen

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17
Q

What are the indications for ketoconazole?

A

Hirsutism of PCOS

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of ketoconazole?

A

General inhibition of steroid synthesis

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19
Q

What are the side effects of ketoconazole?

A

Gynecomastia, amenorrhea

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20
Q

To what drug class does ketoconazole belong?

A

Antiandrogen

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21
Q

What are the indications for spironolactone?

A

Hirsutism of PCOS

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22
Q

What is the mechanism of spironolactone?

A

Inhibits steroid binding

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23
Q

What are the side effects of spironolactone?

A

Gynecomastian, amenorrhea

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24
Q

To what drug class does spironolactone belong?

A

Anti-androngen

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25
Q

What are the indications for ethinyl estradiol?

A

Hypogonadism, ovarian failure, menstrual abnormalities, HRT in postmenopausal women, androgen-dependent prostate cancer

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26
Q

What are the contraindications for ethinyl estradiol?

A

Oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, hx DVT

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27
Q

What are the side effects of ethinyl estradiol?

A

Increased risk of endometrial cancer, vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women

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28
Q

To what drug class does ethinyl estradiol belong?

A

Oestrogen

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29
Q

What is the mechanism of ethinyl estradiol?

A

Binds estrogen receptor

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30
Q

What are the indications for Diethylstilbestrol (DES)?

A

Hypogonadism, ovarian failure, menstrual abnormalities, HRT in postmenopausal women, androgen-dependent prostate cancer

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31
Q

What are the contraindications for Diethylstilbestrol (DES)?

A

Oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, hx DVT

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32
Q

What is the mechanism of Diethylstilbestrol (DES)?

A

Binds estrogen receptor

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33
Q

What are the side effects of Diethylstilbestrol (DES)?

A

Increased risk of endometrial cancer, vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women, clear cell adenocarcinoma in women exposed in utero

34
Q

To what drug class does Diethylstilbestrol (DES) belong?

A

Oestrogen

35
Q

What are the indications for mestranol?

A

Hypogonadism, ovarian failure, menstrual abnormalities, HRT in postmenopausal women, androgen-dependent prostate cancer

36
Q

What are the contraindications for mestranol?

A

Oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, hx DVT

37
Q

What is the mechanism of mestranol?

A

Binds estrogen receptor

38
Q

What are the side effects of mestranol?

A

Increased risk of endometrial cancer, vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women

39
Q

To what drug class does mestranol belong?

A

Oestrogen

40
Q

What are the indications for clompihene?

A

Infertility and PCOS

41
Q

What is the mechanism of clompihene?

A

Partial agonist at estrogen receptor, prevents feedback inhibition

42
Q

What are the side effects of clompihene?

A

Hot flashes, ovarian enlargement, multiple pregnancy, visual disturbances

43
Q

To what drug class does clompihene belong?

A

SERM

44
Q

What are the indications for tamoxifen?

A

ER-positive breast cancer

45
Q

What is the mechanism of tamoxifen?

A

Antagonist at estrogen receptor; specific for breast tissue

46
Q

To what drug class does tamoxifen belong?

A

SERM

47
Q

What are the indications for raloxifene?

A

Osteoporosis (reduces bone resorption)

48
Q

What is the mechanism of raloxifene?

A

Agonist at estrogen receptor; specific to bone

49
Q

To what drug class does raloxifene belong?

A

SERM

50
Q

[…] and […] are both used for HRT in post-menopausal women to avoid an increased risk of […] cancer.

A

Oestrogen and progesterone are both used for HRT in post-menopausal women to avoid an increased risk of endometrial cancer.

51
Q

What are the indications for anastrazole?

A

Breast cancer inpostmenopausal women

52
Q

What is the mechanism of anastrazole?

A

Aromatase inhibitor

53
Q

What are the indications for exemestane?

A

Breast cancer in postmenopausal women

54
Q

What is the mechanism of exemestane?

A

Aromatase inhibitor

55
Q

What are the indications for progestins?

A

Contraception, endometrial cancer, abnormal uterine bleeding

56
Q

What is the mechanism of progestins?

A

Binds progesterone receptor; reduces proliferation of endometrium, thickens cervical mucus

57
Q

What are the indications for mifepristone (RU-486)?

A

Abortion; administered with misoprostol

58
Q

What is the mechanism of mifepristone (RU-486)?

A

Competitive inhibitor at progesterone receptor

59
Q

What are the side effects of mifepristone (RU-486)?

A

Heavy bleeding, abdominal pain

60
Q

What are the indications for misoprostol (PGE1)?

A

Abortion; administered with mifepristone

61
Q

What is the mechanism of misoprostol (PGE1)?

A

Synthetic prostaglandin analog

62
Q

What are the indications for terbutaline?

A

Relaxation of premature uterine contractions

63
Q

What is the mechanism of terbutaline?

A

β2-agonist

64
Q

What are the indications for tamsulosin?

A

BPH

65
Q

What is the mechanism of tamsulosin?

A

α1-antagonist, inhibits smooth muscle contraction, selective for prostatic receptors

66
Q

What are the indications for sildenafil?

A

Erectile dysfunction

67
Q

What are the side effects of sildenafil?

A

Headache, flushing, impaired blue-green color vision, hypotension, dyspepsia

68
Q

What are the contraindications for sildenafil?

A

Patients taking nitrates (lethal hypotension)

69
Q

What are the indications for vardenafil?

A

Erectile dysfunction

70
Q

What are the contraindications for vardenafil?

A

Patients taking nitrates (lethal hypotension)

71
Q

What are the side effects of vardenafil?

A

Headache, flushing, impaired blue-green color vision, hypotension, dyspepsia

72
Q

To what drug class does sildenafil belong?

A

PDE5 inhibitor

73
Q

To what drug class does vardenafil belong?

A

PDE5 inhibitor

74
Q

What are the indications for danazol?

A

Endometriosis, hereditary angioedema

75
Q

What is the mechanism of danazol?

A

Partial agonist at androgen receptor

76
Q

What are the side effects of danazol?

A

Weight gain, edema, acne, hirsutism, masculinization, hepatotoxicity, dyslipidemia

77
Q

To what drug class does danazol belong?

A

Androgen

78
Q

What are the indications for combined oestrogen/progestin?

A

Contraception

79
Q

What are the contraindications for combined oestrogen/progestin?

A

Smokers >35 y/o, hx DVT, stroke, ER+ cancer

80
Q

What is the mechanism of combined oestrogen/progestin?

A

In combination prevents ovulation

81
Q

What are the side effects of combined oestrogen/progestin?

A

Thrombosis

Reproductive System (4 decks)

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