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Reproductive System > Pharmacology [Repro] > Flashcards

Pharmacology [Repro] Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of sildenafil?

A

Inhibit phosphodiesterase 5, resulting in increased cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation in corpus cavernosum

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of vardenafil?

A

Inhibit phosphodiesterase 5, resulting in increased cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation in corpus cavernosum

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3
Q

What are the indications for leuprolide?

A

Pulsatile - infertility

Continuous - prostate cancer, uterine fibroids, precocious puberty, endometriosis

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of leuprolide?

A

GnRH agonist when administered in pulses, antagonistic effect when continuous

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5
Q

What are the side effects of leuprolide?

A

Antiandrogen, nausea, vomiting

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6
Q

To what drug class does leuprolide belong?

A

GnRH analog

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7
Q

What are the indications for testosterone (and methyltestosterone)?

A

Hypogonadism, anabolic stimulation after burn or severe injury

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8
Q

What are the side effects of testosterone (and methyltestosterone)?

A

Masculinization in females, gonadal atrophy, premature closure of epiphyseal plates, dyslipidemia

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9
Q

To what drug class does testosterone (and methyltestosterone) belong?

A

Androgen

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10
Q

What are the indications for finasteride?

A

BPH, male pattern baldness

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of finasteride?

A

5α-reductase inhibitor

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12
Q

What are the side effects of finasteride?

A

Gynecomastia

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13
Q

To what drug class does finasteride belong?

A

Antiandrogen

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14
Q

What are the indications for flutamide?

A

Prostate carcinoma

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of flutamide?

A

Non-steroidal competitive inhibitor of testosterone receptor

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16
Q

To what drug class does flutamide belong?

A

Antiandrogen

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17
Q

What are the indications for ketoconazole?

A

Hirsutism of PCOS

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18
Q

What is the mechanism of ketoconazole?

A

General inhibition of steroid synthesis

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19
Q

What are the side effects of ketoconazole?

A

Gynecomastia, amenorrhea

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20
Q

To what drug class does ketoconazole belong?

A

Antiandrogen

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21
Q

What are the indications for spironolactone?

A

Hirsutism of PCOS

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22
Q

What is the mechanism of spironolactone?

A

Inhibits steroid binding

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23
Q

What are the side effects of spironolactone?

A

Gynecomastian, amenorrhea

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24
Q

To what drug class does spironolactone belong?

A

Anti-androngen

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25
What are the indications for ethinyl estradiol?
Hypogonadism, ovarian failure, menstrual abnormalities, HRT in postmenopausal women, androgen-dependent prostate cancer
26
What are the contraindications for ethinyl estradiol?
Oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, hx DVT
27
What are the side effects of ethinyl estradiol?
Increased risk of endometrial cancer, vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women
28
To what drug class does ethinyl estradiol belong?
Oestrogen
29
What is the mechanism of ethinyl estradiol?
Binds estrogen receptor
30
What are the indications for Diethylstilbestrol (DES)?
Hypogonadism, ovarian failure, menstrual abnormalities, HRT in postmenopausal women, androgen-dependent prostate cancer
31
What are the contraindications for Diethylstilbestrol (DES)?
Oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, hx DVT
32
What is the mechanism of Diethylstilbestrol (DES)?
Binds estrogen receptor
33
What are the side effects of Diethylstilbestrol (DES)?
Increased risk of endometrial cancer, vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women, clear cell adenocarcinoma in women exposed in utero
34
To what drug class does Diethylstilbestrol (DES) belong?
Oestrogen
35
What are the indications for mestranol?
Hypogonadism, ovarian failure, menstrual abnormalities, HRT in postmenopausal women, androgen-dependent prostate cancer
36
What are the contraindications for mestranol?
Oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, hx DVT
37
What is the mechanism of mestranol?
Binds estrogen receptor
38
What are the side effects of mestranol?
Increased risk of endometrial cancer, vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women
39
To what drug class does mestranol belong?
Oestrogen
40
What are the indications for clompihene?
Infertility and PCOS
41
What is the mechanism of clompihene?
Partial agonist at estrogen receptor, prevents feedback inhibition
42
What are the side effects of clompihene?
Hot flashes, ovarian enlargement, multiple pregnancy, visual disturbances
43
To what drug class does clompihene belong?
SERM
44
What are the indications for tamoxifen?
ER-positive breast cancer
45
What is the mechanism of tamoxifen?
Antagonist at estrogen receptor; specific for breast tissue
46
To what drug class does tamoxifen belong?
SERM
47
What are the indications for raloxifene?
Osteoporosis (reduces bone resorption)
48
What is the mechanism of raloxifene?
Agonist at estrogen receptor; specific to bone
49
To what drug class does raloxifene belong?
SERM
50
**[...]** and **[...]** are both used for HRT in post-menopausal women to avoid an increased risk of **[...]** cancer.
**Oestrogen** and **progesterone** are both used for HRT in post-menopausal women to avoid an increased risk of **endometrial** cancer.
51
What are the indications for anastrazole?
Breast cancer inpostmenopausal women
52
What is the mechanism of anastrazole?
Aromatase inhibitor
53
What are the indications for exemestane?
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women
54
What is the mechanism of exemestane?
Aromatase inhibitor
55
What are the indications for progestins?
Contraception, endometrial cancer, abnormal uterine bleeding
56
What is the mechanism of progestins?
Binds progesterone receptor; reduces proliferation of endometrium, thickens cervical mucus
57
What are the indications for mifepristone (RU-486)?
Abortion; administered with misoprostol
58
What is the mechanism of mifepristone (RU-486)?
Competitive inhibitor at progesterone receptor
59
What are the side effects of mifepristone (RU-486)?
Heavy bleeding, abdominal pain
60
What are the indications for misoprostol (PGE1)?
Abortion; administered with mifepristone
61
What is the mechanism of misoprostol (PGE1)?
Synthetic prostaglandin analog
62
What are the indications for terbutaline?
Relaxation of premature uterine contractions
63
What is the mechanism of terbutaline?
β2-agonist
64
What are the indications for tamsulosin?
BPH
65
What is the mechanism of tamsulosin?
α1-antagonist, inhibits smooth muscle contraction, selective for prostatic receptors
66
What are the indications for sildenafil?
Erectile dysfunction
67
What are the side effects of sildenafil?
Headache, flushing, impaired blue-green color vision, hypotension, dyspepsia
68
What are the contraindications for sildenafil?
Patients taking nitrates (lethal hypotension)
69
What are the indications for vardenafil?
Erectile dysfunction
70
What are the contraindications for vardenafil?
Patients taking nitrates (lethal hypotension)
71
What are the side effects of vardenafil?
Headache, flushing, impaired blue-green color vision, hypotension, dyspepsia
72
To what drug class does sildenafil belong?
PDE5 inhibitor
73
To what drug class does vardenafil belong?
PDE5 inhibitor
74
What are the indications for danazol?
Endometriosis, hereditary angioedema
75
What is the mechanism of danazol?
Partial agonist at androgen receptor
76
What are the side effects of danazol?
Weight gain, edema, acne, hirsutism, masculinization, hepatotoxicity, dyslipidemia
77
To what drug class does danazol belong?
Androgen
78
What are the indications for combined oestrogen/progestin?
Contraception
79
What are the contraindications for combined oestrogen/progestin?
Smokers \>35 y/o, hx DVT, stroke, ER+ cancer
80
What is the mechanism of combined oestrogen/progestin?
In combination prevents ovulation
81
What are the side effects of combined oestrogen/progestin?
Thrombosis

Reproductive System (4 decks)

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