Pharmacology R/T Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
0
Q
Onset = immediate
Peak = 2-5 min
Duration = 5-10 min
What method of administration for Andrenergic agonist medication have this mode of action? Which medication is this?
A
IV Epinephrine
1
Q
What does Miosis mean?
A
Med that Causes Pupil Constriction
2
Q
What are Cholinergic medications most important job?
A
Blocks the PSNS and
Allows the SNS to TAKEOVER!!
3
Q
What are all of the effects of Beta 1 receptor activation?
A
- Heart > Increased Heart Contractility > Increased Heart Rate
- Kidney > Increased Renin Secretion > Increased Angiotensin > Increased BP
Study Tip:
Heart
Kid
4
Q
What does Paralytic Ileus mean?
A
No peristalsis in GI Tract
5
Q
What are all of the effects of Beta 2 receptor activation?
A
- GI Tract (B/C it’s made out of Smooth Muscle) > Increased Renin Secretion > Increased Angiotensin > Aldosterone > Fluid Retention > Increased BP
- Lungs > Bronchodilation > Increased Oxygenation
- Uterus > Relaxation of Uterus (B/C it’s made out of Smooth Muscle)
- Liver > Activation of Glyconeogenesis > Increased Blood Sugar > Increased Energy
Study Tip:
GULL = Seagulls have loose hanging neck skin.
Equals relaxation of GI tract, bronchioles and uterus.
Liver effects are to create energy without oxygen.
6
Q
What is the CNS and ANS made up of?
A
CNS- brain and spinal cord ANS- cervical spinal nerves C1-C8 thoracic spinal nerves T1-T12 lumbar spinal nerves L1-L5 sacral spinal nerves S1-S5
Study Tip: Messages are sent to the brain through the system both voluntarily and involuntarily.
7
Q
What does the drug Atenolol drug do?
A
Andrenergic Beta 1 Blocker (Antagonist)
It’s effects are Selective to the Heart
Atenolol Blocks sites that receive norepinephrine > Decreases Renin-Aldosterone > Decreases Cardiac Output > Decreases Blood Pressure > Decreases Heart Rate > Cardiac Workload
8
Q
Central Nervous System (CNS) + Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) = ________
A
The Nervous System
9
Q
Remember the hot stove. Theses work together to adjust to the environment?
A
- brain
- spinal cord
- cranial nerve I & II
Study Tip:
10
Q
What are all of the effects of Alpha 1 receptor activation?
A
- Blood vessels > Vasoconstriction > Increased BP > Increased Cardiac Contractility
- Eye > Mydriasis [Pupil Dilation]
- Bladder > Increased Contraction
- Prostate > Increased Contraction
11
Q
____________ = Somatic Nervous System(voluntary motor and sensory pathways) + Autonomic Nervous System (Involuntary motor and sensory through control of organs)
A
PNS
Study Tip: PNS (parasympathetic causes cholinergic response) controls movements and actions
ANS (sympathetic causes andrenergic response) controls movements of organs
14
Q
________ sympathetic stimulation causes andrenergic response controls movements of organs
A
ANS
15
Q
What are all of the effects of Alpha 2 receptor activation?
A
- Blood Vessels > Decreased BP > Reduce Secretion of NorEpinephrine
- GI Tract (Smooth muscle) > Decreased GI Tone and Motility > Diarrhea
16
Q
_______ Receptor - causes muscle contractions
A
Nicotinic
Study Tip: least common cholinergic receptor. This receptor has no medical necessity except for in myasthenia gravis which causes increased muscle contractions worsening the symptoms.
17
Q
- Cranial nerves III through XII
- Spinal nerves
- Peripheral components of the ANS
A
Study Tip:
18
Q
________ parasympathetic stimulation causes cholinergic response controls movements and actions
A
PNS
18
Q
The nerves branch off from the spinal cord.
-_____________: carry signal to CNS-are organized by sensory modality and by anatomy
A
afferent/ascending
Study Tip: these nerves send messages to the brain
20
Q
The nerves branch off from the spinal cord.
-_____________: towards effector or motor-carry impulses that are responsible to muscle movements
A
efferent/descending
Study Tip: these nerves send messages to sensory effector or motor organs
21
Q
What are the functions controlled by the Involuntary Autonomic “automatic” nervous system?
A
BP HR RR Temperature Water Balance Urination Digestion Metabolism Sweating ANS Study Tip:
23
Q
Sympathetic (Adrenergic)spinal segments T1-L2 also known as the _________ segments.
A
preganglionic brainstem/sacral spinal
23
Q
- cardiac - increase blood circulation by increasing the heart rate to increase oxygenation.
Sympathetic Nervous System Andrenergic response stimulated by what receptor?
A
Beta 1 cardiac Receptor
Study Tip: oxygenation is increased so that if the person needs to run away in a fight or flight situation they will have enough oxygen to meet the bods demand.
24
Q
Sympathetic Nervous System stimulates this Andrenergic response = Fight or Flight
What is The Important Neurotransmitter?
A
NOREPINEPHRINE
Study Tip: Norepi + Epi = adrenalin
24
Q
- cardiac - blood vessels (vasoconstriction)
Also causes pupil dilation and reduction of urinary output.
Sympathetic Nervous System Andrenergic response stimulated by what receptor?
A
Alpha 1 Receptor
Study Tip: causes pupils to dilate to increase the persons visual field in a fight or flight situation.
25
This is geared to act in localized & discrete regions-conserves & restore the body’s energy stores-cardiac muscles, smooth muscle & glands through both efferent and afferent nerves.
Parasympathetic activation stimulating a cholinergic response.
Study Tip: rest and digest
26
Parasympathetic activation stimulates this cholinergic response.
Rest & Digest
The Most Important Neurotransmitter
ACETYLCHOLINE (ACh)-activate 1postganglionic
| Study Tip:
27
- lungs - blood vessels dilate causing bronchi to accept more oxygen airways become dilated.
Also causes the bladder to relax which keeps the bladder from peeing.
Sympathetic Nervous System Andrenergic response stimulated by what receptor?
Beta 2 Receptor
Study Tip: the body retains the urine to prevent the person from needing to stop and pee if they need to escape a dangerous situation such as fight or flight.
28
_______ Receptor - causes pupil restriction, increased GI motility and saliva, increase bladder contraction, decrease BP, and decreased heart rate.
Muscarinic
Study Tip: most common cholinergic receptor.
Pupils construct because there is no longer a fear of danger. All of the body systems are going back to normal like in the GAS adaptation phase.
30
Pharmacologically in the Autonomic Nervous System the ________ sites on the nerves are manipulated to achieve a desired effect. We can give medications to manipulate a desired effect as needed
receptor
Study Tip: meds can be given that increase heart rate by dilating bronchioles and stimulating peristalsis.
31
When you remember the followings ALWAYS remember its main neurotransmitter.
Adrenergic?
Cholingergic?
Adrenalin
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Study Tip:
31
Dilates pupils
Is this caused by Parasympathetic or Sympathetic System Activation?
Sympathetic
Study Tip: better vision
32
Contracts bladder.
Is this caused by Parasympathetic or Sympathetic System Activation?
Parasympathetic
Study Tip: body eliminates retained urine.
33
Increases heart beat
Is this caused by Parasympathetic or Sympathetic System Activation?
Sympathetic
Study Tip: to increase blood flow and oxygenation.
34
Constricts pupils
Is this caused by Parasympathetic or Sympathetic System Activation?
Parasympathetic
35
Bronchodilation
Is this caused by Parasympathetic or Sympathetic System Activation?
Sympathetic
Study Tip: increased oxygenation
36
Slows heart beat
Is this caused by Parasympathetic or Sympathetic System Activation?
Parasympathetic
37
Increased GI peristalsis and GI secretions
Is this caused by Parasympathetic or Sympathetic System Activation?
Sympathetic
Study Tip: This occurs so the patient won't have to stop to poop in a dangerous situation
38
Stimulates flow of saliva
Is this caused by Parasympathetic or Sympathetic System Activation?
Parasympathetic
39
Conversion of Glycogen to Glucose
Is this caused by Parasympathetic or Sympathetic System Activation?
Sympathetic
Study Tip:
Creates glucose to use for energy.
40
Constricts bronchi
Is this caused by Parasympathetic or Sympathetic System Activation?
Parasympathetic
Study tip: this can cause problems for asthmatics
41
Stimulates peristalsis and secretion
Is this caused by Parasympathetic or Sympathetic System Activation?
Parasympathetic
Study Tip: let's your body digest again.
42
Secretion of adrenaline and norepinephrine
Is this caused by Parasympathetic or Sympathetic System Activation?
Sympathetic
Study Tip: used for energy
43
Stimulates release of bile
Is this caused by Parasympathetic or Sympathetic System Activation?
Parasympathetic
44
Inhibits bladder contraction
Is this caused by Parasympathetic or Sympathetic System Activation?
Sympathetic
Study Tip: happens so the person won't have to stop to potty in a dangerous situation.
45
This medication can cause steroid induced psychosis?
Glucocorticoids
Study Tip: not to be confused with anabolic steroids that the body builders use
46
Inhibits flow of saliva
Is this caused by Parasympathetic or Sympathetic System Activation?
Sympathetic
47
This type of medication interacts with receptors to cause the same activity that natural chemicals would cause at the site.
Agonist
Study Tip: activates normal body reaction to stimulus. Occupies and activates receptor sites. Makes things GO!!
48
Agonist VS. Antagonist
Agonist =
Antagonist =
Agonist + Antagonist =
GO!!!
STOP!! puts on the brakes
Only partially activates the receptor site.
49
This type of medication blocks the receptor sites stimulation by natural chemicals.
Antagonist
Study Tip: blocks normal body reaction to stimulus. Occupies receptor sites but does not activate them. Makes things STOP!!!
50
This medication causes the body to activate the parasympathetic nervous system so you can see (eyes constricting), you can spit (increased salivation), you can pee (increased urination), and you can shit (increased defection).
Cholinergic or anti-cholinergic medications?
Cholinergic
| Study Tip: cholinergic agonist have similar effects and reactions as acetylcholine
52
Sympathetic AdrenergicAgonists have what effect?
Natural Sympathetic Nervous System Effects
52
Andrenergic Agonists medications can be?
Alpha 1, Beta 1, beta 2, Alpha specific, Beta specific (both beta 1 and beta 2)
53
Sympathomimetic Adrenergic Agonists have what effect?
Mimics SNS effects
54
Sympathomimetic Adrenergic Agonists mimic what effects of the Sympathetic Nervous System?
Vascular Support and pupil dilation
Study Tip: pupil dilation occurs with eye drops and oral meds ex?
Vascular support occurs with treatment of shock
55
This medication causes the body to lean to the sympathetic side so you can't spit (reduced salivation), you can't pee (retention of urine), you can't shit (retention of defecation), and you can't see (eyes dilating to see better).
Cholinergic or anti cholinergic medications?
Anti-Cholinergic
56
What happens when the Alpha 1 receptor is activated?
Increased myocardial contractility
Study Tip: stimulated when going into shock. Alpha 1 activation I causes blood vessels to vasoconstrict to increases blood pressure which increases cardiac Contractility due to increased workload.
57
Sympatholytics Adrenergic Antagonists have what effect?
Blocks Sympathetic Andrenergic Nervous System Effects
58
What happens when the Alpha 2 receptor is activated?
Decreased blood pressure
Decreased diarrhea
Study Tip:
Decreased BP reduces the amount of norepinephrine that is released by causing
Vasodilation of the blood vessels decreasing cardiac workload.
Decreased GI tone and motility cause release of defecation.
59
What happens when the Beta 1 receptor is activated?
increase blood pressure
increase work load of the heart
Study Tip: this receptor affects the kidneys which increases secretion of renin and angiotensin which releases aldosterone which retains salt and water to increase BP. With the extra fluid in the blood vessels this increases the strength of the heart contractions and increases the heart rate to push that extra fluid through the body.
60
What is the generic name for Adrenalin or EpiPen?
Epinephrine
61
What happens when the Beta 2 receptor is activated?
Increase bronchdilation
| Study Tip: this is caused to increase oxygenation to the heart and brain.
62
Treatment of allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, bronchospasm, and cardiac arrest.
What Andrenergic agonist medication is used for this therapeutic effect?
Epinephrine
Study Tip: Anaphylaxis is an exaggerated allergic reaction can lead to bronchospasm. Bronchospasm can constrict the airway and cause Death.
63
Onset = 3-5 min
Peak = 20 min
Duration = 1-4 hours
What method of administration for Andrenergic agonist medication have this mode of action? Which medication is this?
SubQ/IM also know as the EpiPen
| Epinephrine
64
What Drug Class is Epinephrine?
Direct-acting sympathomimetics
| Used to mimic the sympathetic nervous system
64
What Andrenergic agonist medication have this mode of action?
Acts on more than one receptor (nonselective)
Alpha 1: increases the blood pressure
Beta 1: increases heart rate (tachycardia)
Beta 2: promotes bronchodilation
Epinephrine
65
What Andrenergic agonist medication is used in ophthalmic and dental agents for increased local anesthetic effects?
Epinephrine
Study Tip: Used especially in patients with asthma.
66
Onset = 1 min
Peak = 3-5 min
Duration = 1-3 h
What method of administration for Andrenergic agonist medication have this mode of action? Which medication is this?
Inhalation of Epinephrine
67
Absorbed: SubQ, IM, IV, Topical, Inhaled
Distribution: Widely Distributed; In breast milk
Metabolism: Liver
Excretion: Urine
What Andrenergic agonist medication have these pharmacokinetics ?
Epinephrine
| Study Tip: NOT given PO!
68
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Hypertension
Hyperthyroidism
Caution: Pregnant Patients - Med can stimulate the uterus to contract
What Andrenergic agonist medication have these contraindications and precautions?
Epinephrine
Study Tip:
Dysrhythmias & Hypertension
B/C it causes increased HR & BP
Hyperthyroidism
B/C it increased an already increased metabolic rate
Pregnancy
B/C it increases uterine contractions
70
Assessment: for the desired effects: VS, lung sounds
Diagnosis
- Risk for impaired tissue integrity
- Decreased cardiac output
Planning
- Check VS frequently
What Andrenergic agonist medication would cause the nurse to assess these nursing implications?
Epinephrine
Study Tip: Assess VS and sounds to see expected effects of the treatment. Check VS frequently.
71
Check VS q 3-5 min
Assess lung sounds
Watch Urine Output
Monitor IV site
Client Teaching
- Self-Administration/Parent Administration
What Andrenergic agonist medication would cause the nurse to implement these nursing interventions?
Epinephrine
73
What is the generic name for Proventil, Ventolin?
Albuterol
74
Used to Decrease respiratory secretions
- Prior to anesthesia/surgery
- Hospice
Bradycardia/Pulseless Electrical Activity/Asystole
Pupil dilation (Mydriatic)
-Atropair, Ocu-Tropine
What Cholinergic Antagonist medication is used for this therapeutic effect?
Atropine (Anti-Cholinergic)
Study Tip:
Pre-op patients to dry nasal secretions to prevent aspiration pneumonia. It makes it easier to administer anesthesia.
Atropine given in eyedrops or sublingual to get rid of the death rattle in elderly.
75
What is the generic name for Regitine?
Phentolamine Mesylate
76
What Drug Class is Phentolamine Mesylate?
Alpha1-Adrenergic Blocker
Study Tip: Alpha1- Antagonist does the opposite of normal SNS action
77
Treatment of severe hypertension
Treatment of pheochromcytoma
What Andrenergic Antagonist medication is used for this therapeutic effect?
Phentolamine Mesylate (Anti-Andrenergic)
Study Tip: pheochromcytoma is a tumor in the adrenal gland inside the medulla oblongata that causes the patient to release too much adrenaline.
78
Rescue cells injured by Norepinephrine or Dopamine extravasation
What Andrenergic Antagonist medication is used for this antidote effect?
```
Phentolamine Mesylate (Anti-Andrenergic)
This is the Antidote for norepinephrine and Dopamine extravasation
Study Tip: medication leaks under skin -cause tissue death and can lead to amputation)
```
79
```
Hypotension
Dizziness
Weakness
Nausea/Vomiting
What Andrenergic Antagonist medication can cause these side effects?
```
```
Phentolamine Mesylate (Anti-Andrenergic)
Study Tip: THESE SIDE EFFECTS MORE COMMON WITH PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION
```
80
```
Hypotension
Myocardial Infarction
Tachycardia
Arrhythmias
What Andrenergic Antagonist medication can cause these adverse reactions?
```
Phentolamine Mesylate (Anti-Andrenergic)
Study Tip: causes vasodilation > hypotension.
Pupil constriction.
Reduction of constriction of bladder, neck, prostate.
81
Decreased peripheral vasoconstriction if used with Dopamine or Norephinephrine
(Not when used as a dopamine/norepinephrine antidote.)
What Andrenergic Antagonist medication can cause this interaction?
Phentolamine Mesylate (Anti-Andrenergic)
82
Antagonizes the effects of Alpha-adrenergic agonists.
Injecting around the site (locally) not systemically.
What Andrenergic Antagonist medication can cause this interaction?
Phentolamine Mesylate (Anti-Andrenergic)
83
```
Assessment
- VS
Nursing Diagnosis
- Ineffective Tissue Perfusion
- Risk for Injury
What Andrenergic Antagonist medication would cause the nurse to assess these nursing implications?
```
Phentolamine Mesylate (Anti-Andrenergic)
84
In the even of a Norepinephrine and Dopamine Extravasation
- Dilute 5-10 mcg of _____________ in 10 mL of 0.9% NS
- Inject around extravasation site with SubQneedle promptly.
- Must be given within 12 hours of extravasation to be effective.
What Andrenergic Antagonist medication would cause the nurse to implement these nursing interventions?
Phentolamine Mesylate (Anti-Andrenergic)
Study Tip: Rapidly absorbed and mixed with normal saline within 12 hours of extravasation.
85
What is the generic name for Tenormin?
Atenolol (Anti-Andrenergic)
86
What is the generic name for Urecholine?
Bethanechol Chloride (Cholinergic
Study Tip: this used to be commonly found in eye drops. This is used infrequently and medicine today because of stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
87
What drug class is Bethanol Chloride?
- Direct Acting Cholinergic
| - Cholinergic agonist
88
Treatment of urinary retention
Abdominal distention
Increase GI motility
Non-obstructive post-op and postpartum urinary retention.
What Cholinergic Agonist medication is used for this therapeutic effect?
Bethanechol Chloride (Cholinergic)
Study Tip: If the urinary tract is not blocked this med could be used to cause urination.
89
- Direct Stimulation of the cholinergic (muscarinic) receptor in the Parasympathetic Nervous System
What Cholinergic Agonist medication have this mode of action?
Bethanechol Chloride (Cholinergic)
Study Tip: stimulation occurs at the cholinergic receptor site. It causes the same action as acetylcholine on the Cholinergic Receptor which is SLUD.
90
```
Nervousness
Tremors
Agitation
Tachycardia
Hypertension
What Andrenergic agonist medication have these side effects?
```
Epinephrine
Study Tip: These symptoms occur because this medication puts your nerves in overdrive.
90
```
Promotes Contraction of the bladder
Promotes GI peristalsis
Promotes GI secretion
Promotes Pupillary constriction (miosis)
Promotes Bronchoconstriction
What Cholinergic Agonist medication have these Pharmacodynamics?
```
Bethanechol Chloride (Cholinergic)
Study Tip: this causes an increase in bladder tone, increase in GI secretions and an increase in urinary excretion. This medication is not used to treat lack of G.I. peristalsis it's just something it does there are other meds are usually used to treat that issue.
91
```
Bradycardia
Hypotension
COPD/Asthma
Peptic Ulcers
Bladder obstruction
Parkinson’s Disease
What Cholinergic Agonist medication have these contraindications and precautions?
```
Bethanechol Chloride (Cholinergic)
Study Tip:
C/I in bradycardia because this med slows the heart rate even more.
C/I in hypotension because this lowers blood pressure even more.
C/I in COPD/Asthma because it causes bronchoconstriction which can suffocate patients with COPD and asthma causing death.
C/I in ulcers because this med increases gastric secretions which ?
C/I in bladder obstruction because this med causes urination in obstruction the urine will back up into the kidneys.
C/I in Parkinson's disease because this med ?
93
```
Increased SLUD
Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea
Salivation
Sweating
Flushing
Frequent urination
Rash
Miosis
Blurred vision
Abdominal discomfort
What Cholinergic Agonist medication can cause these side effects?
```
Bethanechol Chloride (Cholinergic)
94
```
Orthostatic hypotension
Bradycardia
Muscle weakness
Acute asthma attack
Heart block
Cardiac arrest
What Cholinergic Agonist medication can cause these adverse reactions?
```
Bethanechol Chloride (Cholinergic)
95
```
Assessment
- Vital Signs
- Urinary Output
Nursing Diagnosis
- Urinary Retention
- Anxiety
What Cholinergic Agonist medication would cause the nurse to assess these nursing implications?
```
Bethanechol Chloride (Cholinergic)
Study Tip: Anxiety R/T SOB B/C Bronchoconstriction
95
Assessment
- Monitor VS
- Monitor I &O
- Monitor lab values
- Monitor for side effects
- Auscultate bowel sounds & breath sounds
- Monitor for bradycardia & hypotension
- Monitor for excessive diaphoresis
- Antidote: Atropine
What Cholinergic Agonist medication would cause the nurse to implement these nursing interventions?
Bethanechol Chloride (Cholinergic)
Study Tip: Labs should include Amylase, Lipase, and Bilirubin which are all secreted by the GI, Liver, and Pancreas.
Study Tip: Patient will have increased bowel sounds and decreased breath sounds or wheezing R/T Bronchoconstriction
96
What is the generic name for Atro-Pen?
Atropine
97
What drug class is Atropine?
Anti-cholinergic / Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist
Study Tip: This medication can prevent further nasal secretions from occurring but does not get rid of existing nasal secretions.
98
```
Palpitations
Dyspnea
Ventricular-Fibrillation
Pulmonary Edema
What Andrenergic agonist medication can have these adverse reactions?
```
Epinephrine
98
-Inhibition of ACh by occupying the receptor sites
-Increased heart rate by blocking vagus stimulation
What Cholinergic Antagonist medication have these pharmacodynamics?
Atropine (Anti-Cholinergic)
Study Tip: blocks only the muscarinic effectors in the parasympathetic nervous system.
100
Promote dilation of the pupils by blocking the iris sphincter muscle
What Cholinergic Antagonist medication have this mode of action?
Atropine (Anti-Cholinergic)
Study Tip: Anti-cholinergics are also parasympatholytics because they destroy the effects of acetylcholine on the parasympathetic nervous system
101
Absorption: PO/IM well absorbed
Distribution: widely, crosses the placenta
Metabolism: t ½ 2-3 h
Excretion: 75% in urine
What Andrenergic agonist medication have these pharmacokinetics?
Atropine (Anti-Cholinergic)
102
Any conditions exacerbated by blocking muscarinic receptors
Glaucoma
GI obstruction/paralytic ileus
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia [bladder obstruction]
Tachycardia/MI
Myasthenia Gravis
What Cholinergic Antagonist medication have these contraindications and precautions?
Atropine (Anti-Cholinergic)
Study Tip:
Glaucoma is caused by increased by pressure.
GI obstruction why?
BPH/Bladder Obstruction Why?
Tachycardia/Myocardial Infarction Why?
Myasthenia Gravis blocking acetylcholine makes this worse.
103
```
Dry mouth
nausea
Heart Attack
Constipation
Tachycardia
Nervousness
Agitation
Rash
Dry Skin
Blurred vision
Photophobia
What Cholinergic Antagonist medication can cause these side effects?
```
Atropine (Anti-Cholinergic)
Study Tip:
Photophobia: Adversity to light
Dry mouth impaired oral mucus membranes
104
```
Tachycardia
-R/T Hypotension
Pupillary dilation
Abdominal distension
- R/T Paralytic ileus
What Cholinergic Antagonist medication can cause these adverse reactions?
```
Atropine (Anti-Cholinergic)
Study Tip: as a nurse you should be concerned whether the therapeutic effects of this medication are with the side effects. There has to be a balance. Atropine is not always very effective.
105
```
Assessment
- Baseline VS
- Urinary Output
- Screen for any condition on the contraindications list.
Nursing Diagnosis
- Urinary Retention
- Impaired oral mucous membrane
- Constipation
What Cholinergic Antagonist medication would cause the nurse to assess these nursing implications?
```
Atropine (Anti-Cholinergic)
106
```
Assessment
- Monitor VS
- Monitor I & O
- Auscultate bowel sounds
- Provide mouth care
Client Education
- Avoid hot environment
What Cholinergic Agonist medication would cause the nurse to implement these nursing interventions?
```
Atropine (Anti-Cholinergic)
107
Cholinergics & Anticholinergics are in reference to what quote related to effects on body function.
rest and digest
108
Cholinergic Blockers means the same thing as
Anticholinergics or Cholinergic Antagonist
109
Parasympatholytics means that the meds?
Block the effect of the PSNS
Aka
PSNS ANTAGONIST
110
Cholinergics means the same thing as?
Parasympathetic Agonists
111
Parasympathomimetics means that the meds?
Mimic the effect of the PSNS
| Aka PSNS AGONISTS
112
What is the definition of Cholinergic drugs?
Chemicals that act at the same site as the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh)
113
What does t 1/2 mean?
Half life
114
Often called parasympathomimetic drugs because their action mimics that of the PSNS. Since they are not limited to a specific site, these drugs are associated with many undesirable systemic effects
What medication causes this action?
Cholinergic Medications
115
Muscarinic Agonists means the same thing as?
Cholinergic agents
117
Cholinergic medications cause your body to produce SLUD. What does that mean?
S: Salivation
L: Lacrimation
U: Urination
D: Defecation
Study Tip: these are common side effects of Cholinergic medications
118
Cholinergic Antagonists means the same thing as?
Anticholinergic Agents
119
This type of drug is derived from the plant belladonna?
Anticholinergic Agents
120
This type of drug blocks only the muscarinic effectors in the PSNS
This type of drug acts by competing with acetylcholine for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor sites.
Anticholinergic Agents
121
This type of drug is DOES NOT block the nicotinic receptors and Exert little or no effect at the neuromuscular junction.
Anticholinergic Agents
122
This type of drug is Used to block the effects of acetylcholine?
Anticholinergic Agents
123
Produces blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors.
Reverses vasoconstriction caused by Norephinephrine or Dopamine extravasation.
What Andrenergic Antagonist medication have this mode of action?
Phentolamine Mesylate (Anti-Andrenergic)
123
This type of drug -Lyse or block the effects of the PSNS; it is also called a parasympatholytic agent?
Anticholinergic Agents
123
Decrease parasympathetic activities to allow the sympathetic system to become more dominant.
What drug would you use as a nurse if your patient had this indication?
Anticholinergic Agents
125
```
Increase in heart rate
Decrease in GI activity/secretions
Decreased respiratory secretions
Decrease in urinary bladder tone and function
Pupil dilation (Mydriasis)
Cycloplegia
Decreased sweating
What type of medication causes this effect on the parasympathetic nervous system?
```
Anticholinergic Agents
126
What medication is used to combat anaphylaxis the most often?
Epinephrine
127
What is the drug class for Albuterol?
Selective Beta2-adrenergic agonist
| Study Tip: this medication has the same effect on beta 2 receptors as adrenaline
128
What is Albuterol's drug action?
Bronchodilation
| Study Tip: Relaxes bronchiole (smooth muscle) dilates the airways to increase oxygenation/respiration
129
Who would take the medication Albuterol's?
Patients with COPD, Bronchospasm, Asthma, and Bronchitis
129
What patients should the nurse recommend be given the medication Atenolol?
Patients with High BP, Angina, and Myocardial Infarctions to slow heart rate and decrease cardiac workload.
130
What actions do nurses need to implement when their patient is on Albuterol?
Administer meds ( PO, Ventilation, Inhalation, and Nebulizer.
Monitor breath sounds before and after giving meds.
Monitor for desired effect and any side effects (tremors, nervousness, and agitation.)
Assess increased BP / increased HR / Sputum Production (dry mouth)
Education: Teach the patient to take meds correctly, what to watch for (side effects), and when to call the Dr.
130
What interventions should nurses implement in a patient using Atenolol?
Monitor Blood Pressure, Urine Output, I/O (kidney perfusion), Blood Sugar
131
What drug class is Atenolol?
Selective Beta1-Adrenergic blocker
| Study Tip: Also known as a Beta Blocker
132
What medication may mask symptoms of hypoglycemic reactions in patients with diabetes?
Atenolol
133
Acetylcholine can affect ____ ganglionic nerve?
| Adrenaline can affect ____ ganglionic nerve?
Only one
| Up to 20
134
Anticholinergic drugs depress ________ effects.
PSNS natural
135
What does Mydriasis mean?
Med that Causes Pupil Dilation
| Study Tip: also known as mydriatic
138
In the case of a Cholinergic overdose the antidote is ___________. Always keep the antidote available if giving Cholinergic medications
Atropine
139
What does cycloplegia mean?
Paralysis of ciliary muscles
Study Tip: Occurs when using what type of med?
140
What does Pulseless Electrical Activity mean?
This occurs when there is a rhythm on the strip or on the monitor but there is no pulse.
141
What does Asystole mean?
No pulse and No rhythm in the strip or monitor
142
Blocking acetylcholine at the nicotinic receptor makes this disease worse?
Myasthenia Gravis
143
Decrease GI activity and secretions (meds used to treat ulcers)
What drug would you use as a nurse if your patient had this indication?
Anticholinergic Agents
144
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Pupil constriction (Miosis)
Bronchial constriction
Decreased HR
Vasodilation
Increased GI Motility
Increased GI secretions
Increased Respiratory secretions
Increased urinary bladder contraction
Sweating
What type of medication causes this effect on the parasympathetic nervous system?
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Muscarinic Agonists (Cholinergics)
144
What does HA mean? Headache
Headache
