Pharmacology Quiz 1

Question 1

Goal of Pharmacology

Answer 1

Reverse, Prevent, or control various diseases and illnesses

Question 2

Schedule I

Answer 2

Narcotics such as opium, heroin, morphine, cocaine

Question 3

Schedule II

Answer 3

Cannabis and Cannabis resin

Question 4

Schedule III

Answer 4

Stimulants such as amphetamines and hallucinogens such as LSD

Question 5

Schedule IV

Answer 5

Anabolic steroids, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines

Question 6

Schedule V

Answer 6

Phenylpropanolamine

Question 7

Schedule VI

Answer 7

Designer drugs or other controlled substances, aka synthetically made substances in a lab such as fentanyl.

Question 8

Schedule VII and VIII

Answer 8

Specific amounts of Schedule II durgs. 7 is 3g can and 3kg resin 8 is 30g can and 1g resin

Question 9

Average time to developp test and approve a drug

Answer 9

9 years

Question 10

How many species minimum required for animal testing

Answer 10

2

Question 11

How many phases for clinical trials

Answer 11

4

Question 12

Drug rating that means not approved in pregnant patients

Answer 12

X

Question 13

Different peds reactions to meds?

Answer 13

Children can metabolize medication faster than adults and have a incomplete development of GI tract that slows absorption of oral medications and delays elimination.

Question 14

Geriatric considerations?

Answer 14

Same as children slower metabolism and GI activity, usually have many meds and unintentionally overdose or swap meds with partner or forget to take it.

Question 15

Name Liquid Drug Forms

Answer 15

1. Solution
2. Suspension
3. Fluid Extract
4. Tincture
5. Spirits
6. Syrup
7. Elixir
8. Milk
9. Emulsion
10. Liniments and Lotions

Question 16

Name Solid Drug Forms

Answer 16

1. Extract
2. Powder
3. Capsule
4. Pulvule
5. Tablet
6. Suppository
7. Ointment
8. Patch

Question 17

Gaseous Drug Forms

Answer 17

1. Vapour

Question 18

Rates of drug absorption

Answer 18

1. IV and IO fastest
2. Then respiratory mucosa
3. Then IM
4. Then PO
5. Tehn topical across intact skin

Question 19

Drug Absorption Times

Answer 19

Topical hours to days
Oral 30-90
SC 15-30
Im 10-20
SL 3-5
In 3-5
IV / IO 30-60 sec

Question 20

Local vs systemic effect

Answer 20

Local result from direct application of drug to a tissue

Systemic occur after absorbed by any route and distributed by blood. almost always more than one organ but one organ may predominate.

Question 21

What can affect drug action

Answer 21

Patient, dose, route, and drug metabolic rate

Question 22

Percutaneous route general

Answer 22

Absorbed through skin or through mucus membrane. Useful for sustained release. skin ordinarily effective barrier but some drugs have been specifically prepared to cross barrier.

Question 23

Percutaneous routes specific

Answer 23

Transdermal. placing med on skin. easily controlled by wiping off. Rate of absorp. consisten steady and predictable.

mucuous membranes, absorp. at moderate to rapid rate sublingual buccal nasal.

Pulmonary route. Directly through inhalation. endo tube used to administer liquids directly to bronchioles or alveolar sacs

Question 24

Enteral routes

Answer 24

Absorbed somewhere along GI tract. Oral route

Rectal administartion for local affect or if medicaiton is irritating given orally or cant give orally. considered if quick IV access is impractical.

Question 25

Parenteral routes general

Answer 25

Any route other than alimentary canal, skin and other mucuos membranes. Genereally administered via syringe and needles and fastest absorpotion rates.

Question 26

Parenteral routes specific

Answer 26

IV: most rapidly effective, most dangerous, drugs go directly into bloodstream to target organs, known qty over known period, dangerous cause entire dose same time.

IO: Rate and onset identical to IV and used when IV access is not practical.

IM: longer to act, must be absorp. by muscle into bloodsteram, longer duraction of action, given only to patients with adequate perfusion, usually into deltoid muscle or upper outer quadrant of gluteus muscle of buttocks.

SC/SQ: small amount of drug injection into fat or connective tissue beneath skin, absorbed more slowly over more prologned period, peak effect within 30 minutes. outer arm anterior thigh or abdomen.

Question 27

Pharmacokinetics:

Answer 27

Study of metabolism and actions of medication within the body. Examples: Time required for absorp. duration of action, distribution in body, method of excretion.

Question 28

ADME principle for pharmacokinetics

Answer 28

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 29

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 29

Way in which a medicaiton produces the inteded response. aka mechanism of action. mechanism and effects of medication w/in body. the What and How

Question 30

factors saffecting drug response

Answer 30

Age
Weight
Sex
Environment
Time of admin
condition of patient
genetic factors
psychological factors

Question 31

Iatrogenic Responses

Answer 31

MMost commen is allergic reaction.

can also build up tolerance decreased respsonse to same amount of medicaiotn.